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During the medieval ages, they created a 3 crop rotation. One field was for animals to roam. One was for oats to feed the animals. The third one was for beans or peas.

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Medieval Innovations: The Three Crop Rotation System

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Rotating crops demonstrates a confidence that one can plan for future cultivation rather than attempting to get the most from every field each year. Such a sense of security has always been and remains the most desperate wish for most of humanity. The clip is from BBC: "Connections" (1978).

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With the revival of trade, cities and towns became important centers for manufacturing. Craftspeople began to organize themselves into guilds.Guilds are business associations. Guilds played a leading role in the economic life of cities

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With the revival of trade, people began to settle in old Roman cities. Craftspeople and artisans made goods that merchants could sell or trade. The Roman cities grew with population.

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Trading ships started to trade in the Mediterranean. To encourage trade, Champagne made trade fairs. Six fair were held every year. At the fairs, people brought furs, woolen cloth, tin, hemp, and honey. As trade increased. demand for gold and silver coins rose. A money economy developed.

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January- Cleared ditches and cut wood
February- pruning trees and lambs and calves born
March- Plowing and sowing barley and oats
April- Planting peas, beans, flax and hemp
May- Planting vegetables and making repairs
June- Mowing hay and shearing sheep
July- Weeding and harvesting flax, wheat, hemp, and rye
August- Harvesting barley and oats
September- Harvesting peas and beans
October- Plowing and sowing wheat and rye
November- Slaughtering pigs and collecting firewood
December- indoor tasks

This is the cycle of a peasants work life. The serfs have to do their own land and their lords' lands. THe peasants did not face a life of constant labor. They got to have feast days.

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A manor was an agricultural  estate that a lord ran and peasants worked. The free peasants became serfs. Serfs had to provide labor services, pay rents, and be subject to the lord's control. A serf worked the lords land as well as his own.

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Scythes, axes, and hoes were built with iron. They also used iron to make the carruca, a heavy, wheeled plow with an iron plowshare. This low easily turned over heavy clay soils. Inventions of a new horse collar and horseshoes made it easier to pull the plow faster. These inventions made farming easier and made the population grow.