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Ivan Pavlov and his                Well-Trained Dogs

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Ivan Pavlov and his                Well-Trained Dogs

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"In the early 1900's, the Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov knew that dogs innately salivate when they taste food. He became curious when he observed that dogs salivate to various sights and sounds before eating their food" (Santrock, 2013, p. 28).

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-Dog sees food - Dog salivates
-Pavlov introduces "sham feedings" into early research
-Sham Feeding - Dog eats food but food does not reach stomach (removed using surgically
implanted esophageal fistula)
-Finding - Dog still produces gastric secretions without the presence of food
-Later research was modified to measure salvation, "Salivation was chosen because an efficient and highly practical method of  measuring salivation using a permanently implanted fistula had just been developed in the laboratory" (Clark, 2004, p. 282).

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Later, Pavlov noticed that his dogs would begin to salivate prior to the presence of food. So Pavlov began to systematically vary the stimuli and measure the dog's reaction.

Original Stimulus = Automatic unconditioned response

Neutral Stimulus is introduced immediately prior to initial stimulus, neutral stimulus does not elicit unconditioned response alone, over time the dog associates the neutral stimulus with the original stimulus

If the animal elicits the automatic unconditioned response (as if the stimulus was present) when presented with the neutral stimulus alone, conditioning is said to have taken place.

Arbitrary neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus. (BullyingNewsVideos)

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[BullyingNewsVideos]. (2008, September, 13). Classical conditioning - Ivan Pavlov [Video File]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hhqumfpxuzI

Clark, R. E. (2004). The classical origins of Pavlov's conditioning. Integrative Physiological & Behavioral Science, 39(4), 279-294.

Santrock, J. W. (2013). Children (12th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.