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XYLEM

tracheid

vessel element

PHLOEM

sieve tubes element

companion cell

parenchyma

fibres

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Complex conducting tissue formed of more than one cell types, found in vascular plants

The vascular tissue is composed of two major conducting system:

1.XYLEM -  transports water and mineral ions from the root to the rest of plants

2. PHLOEM - distributes the products of the photosynthesis and a variety of other solutes throughout the plant

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Parenchyma

Have a considerable size and shape (isodiametrical or polyhedral)

Intercellular space present

Undergo differentiation

Primary cell wall contains cellulose

All other type of in plants develop from parenchyma

Parenchyma cells make up a simple tissue (pith and cortex)

Collenchyma

Collenchyma cells are elongated, thick walled (uneven) & living at maturity

The wall of collenchyma cells are compost of cellulose and pectin, the walls are the thicken at the corner

Collenchyma serves as straightening tissue

Collenchyma cells provide structural support to the growing plant body, particularly shoots, and their thickened walls are non-lignified, so they can stretch as the organ elongates

Found in growing shoots, stems & leaves

Sclerenchyma

Thick, hard walled; dead

Provide mechanical support

Sclerenchyma cells are rigid because of thick secondary walls strengthened with lignin

Two types

1. Sclereids - short and irregular in shape and have thick lignified secondary walls.

Bra

Astro

Osteo

2. Fibers are long and slender(thin) and arranged in threads

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#outer protective covering
Epidermis -in woody plant

Outermost layer of cells of the primary plant body

Mechanical protections, minimizes water loss (cuticle)

Aeration of internal tissue via stomata

Periderm - in woody plant

Initial periderm generally beneath epidermis: subsequently formed periderms deeper in bark

Replaces epidermis as protective tissue in roots and stem

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Dermal
vascular
ground

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Study of internal structure of plants

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grow down into the soil from the lower part of the stem and help brace the plant against the wind