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This Unit introduced the concept of business research. It spoke to the systematic method of enquiry for the purpose of increasing knowledge. The uses of this 'research' in business was highlighted when we consider market research , consumer loyalty, trends , introducing new product offerings. All important considerations for any enterprise and cannot be made without appropriate forethought. This is the importance of Business research.
Understanding that research helps understand patterns of consumer behavior with existing customers, setting targets, identify business opportunities and seeing potential customers.

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Sometimes considered dull dry and drab
This journey still manages to surprise
With no brick, mortar, wood or prefab
The institution without size still opens our eyes.

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Deduction speaks to the process of coming to a conclusion about a specific instance based on general theory.  It flows from Theory to Hypothesis to Observation to confirmation/modification of the Theory.

Inductive Reasoning:  process of making a general conclusion based on observation of specific facts. The apple was rotten at the core. This apple grew in Shawn's Orchard, therefore Shawn's orchard has rotten apples.
The process moves from an Observation to a pattern to create a tentative hypothesis based on results of data analysis of a theory,
Deduction is the logical result of one o more premises, believed to be true. If the premises are accurate then the conclusion is also true.
Induction follows that premises are evaluated to form generalizations. However, even if the specific premises are true, the conclusion need not be false.
I.e. Cars have four wheels and an engine. The ATV has four wheels and engine. Therefore the ATV is a Car.
While premise one and two are accurate, they don't necessarily equate to the conclusion given.
For this reason that Induction is speculative or based on probability whereas Deduction is based on necessity (or being proved to be true- see the contradiction principle). Therefore Deduction is the generally accepted approach for scientific research.

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When examining research methodologies we must consider the philosophies or the approach the researcher is taking. We learned that Exploratory Research examines new phenomenon to understand and determine if further research is needed. Consider if a business wishes to introduce a new product, they will need to understand if the market is receptive. Descriptive Research tackles problems of who, what, when  and where. It is primarily statistical and builds off existing research to answer questions relating to what customers do. Causal Research attempts to examine relationships between situations.

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Quantitative research aims to objectively collect measurable numerical  data to identify an issue/problem. Matters involving frequency, duration, amount are quantitatively measured. Data collected via this method can be manipulated easily.

Qualitative data is focused on descriptive research that requires narrative understanding of the material being researched.

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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Wwk8tmRmhdmn6gWPRp5ky6wNJVmzu1doRDNgVmuzFQw/edit

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Ethics is rules for distinguishing between right and wrong (Unit 1, 2017). They guide acceptable behavior and apply to the research process as vital to the research being considered valid.

Honesty, integrity, confidentiality, objectivity, copyright, respect and accuracy are all valuable ethics.
All serious research requires funding and often its not the researcher who provides it. The sponsor funds the research and may have hired the researcher to test a particular hypothesis. Certain restrictions on research design ma be imposed but professional, objective research must be carried out avoiding bias as much as posible.

The research may be blind( where the researcher doesnt know who the sponsor is or somethimes what the goals are. this reduces any perception bias (i.e. researcher may be less inclined if they knew it was President Trump who the research was being done for).
Irrespective, research must be free from bias, fabrication, distortion of research findings, should not go outside its predefined scope, should be clear and sponsor own the intellectual rights to the research in the end.

Issues that exist

Researcher bias
Fruad
hidding the results

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Problem definition
In order to conduct research one must first identify the problem you will attempt to study. This involves investigating the subject matter to determine if the research is required as reinvention isn't a primary aim. Once there's a sufficient paucity in the specific area then you can attempt to undertake the research
All research is based on the needs of the entity sponsoring the research. One must answer the question, what is needed, what is the problem area and then create a problem statement which you will attempt to investigate, understand and/or solve.depending on the question you ask, the type of research undertaken will change (Descriptive, causal etc..)
Defining the problem narrows the scope under study and allows the research aims to be focused and increase chances of success.
• Research Design: Once the research question has been framed, the methodology to acquire the information must be decided. Here is where we reexamine the question to see the type of research method; whether Qualitative to understand a phenomenon (exploratory research).Here case studies and interviews will be the main source for data capture.
Measurement:
For  consumer preference research
demographic information is required so the patrons of the mall for the duration of the survey period will be the target data group. Information on the product can also be gleamed from business reports and AGM minutes. This will serve as a secondary data source.
Similarly in a field study, all the participants in the village/area under study will provide the data and transcribing will be an important process for the researcher.
Data collection
This design phase will also identify target audiences for the research. For a qualitative study, a small sample size can be used for a focus group. Whereas for a quantitative study, a stratified random or simple random sample can yield the appropriate capture for data collection. The duration of the
Data analysis:
Transcription is a tool used in qualitative research to understand the data sets and compiling them into themes makes sense of the data. For quantitative research, statistical tools such as SPSS or PSPP can be used to do correlation analysis, determine frequencies such as mean, mode, median and also other statistical processes that test, like reverse coding that add additional layers of validity to the research
• Results and findings
After the data is collected and analyzed, the information generated will reveal patterns, correlations and results that can guide the researcher on the success, failure and requirements for further research. A high pearson's r correlation may show correlation but not enough to prove causality and further research may be required. It can also show enough of a relationship between variables to demonstrate a link.

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In research the aim is to expand the existing knowledge.
This literature explores the subject material on the topic under investigation, It will show from the body of research what is missing or lacking and determine a possible starting point for academic research. This shows what exist on the subject to avoid repetition. identfying where there are  gaps and demonstrating the need for further research based on an issue or problem.

The literature review may be continuous and revisions may be necessary. As a new variable is introduced (qualitative research) then further study on that variable may be required to show its relevance in the current research.

First you must obtain your source material. This usually is your physical books, papers as well as electronic sources such as online journals. One must be mindful of the category the source falls into, be it Primary or Secondary. Primary sources are the most direct sources. Books written by an author you are investigating (Research on Plato will rely on the written works of Plato). Secondary sources are generally articles written about the subject matter by other authors or researchers. Therefore a review of the works of Leonardo da vinci may provide insights into his perspective, but since it was done by someone else about him, its not a direct/primary source and is considered a secondary source. Other seconday sources include newspapers, journal articles, other research papers etc...

Most of your information for your lit review can be gained by using the library and UWILINC, the latter of which gives access to a number of databases with various journals, original works, conference information etc...
When writing the lit review one must be clear, focused and structured. There must also show a connection between the areas of focus. For example, Research paper on pollution may begin by examining the environment, then move on to globalization and/or Industrialization. A linking sentence or paragraph that explains the link between the two is important. Formal writting is required and the style must be objective in tone.
Organization from topic headings to paragraph structure, and conclusions are key criteria. Also a position must be clearly stated and gleamed from the literature review.