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Militarism is the belief the military force of one nation is stronger than others, advances in technology/weapons.

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Alliance is an agreement between two or more countries to give each other help if it is needed.

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Nationalism is a political, social, and economic system characterized by promoting the interests of a particular nation.

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Imperialism is described as a country that takes land to gain more power, and sometimes to explore the unexplored territories. England was able to claim the people and land first because they had the correct stuff needed to get further into the unexplored territories. Soon after, the other countries/nations joined in and took as much land as they could. An explanation of the New Age of Imperialism provides insight to why it is one of the main reasons why it led to WWI.