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half Spanish and half native

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born in Spain

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originating or occurring naturally in a particular place

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a tax or duty to be paid on a particular class of imports or exports

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pure blooded Spainards born in the New World

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6. How did the Chinese and Japanese attempt to limit the influence of European merchants? (SOL WHII.5c)

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6. How did the Chinese and Japanese attempt to limit the influence of European merchants? (SOL WHII.5c)

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China

Creation of foreign enclaves to control trade

Imperial policy of controlling foreign influences and trade

Increase in European demand for Chinese goods (tea, porcelain)

Japan

Characterized by a powerless emperor controlled by a military leader (shogun)

Adopted policy of isolation to limit foreign influences

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5. What was the triangular trade? What was the impact of precious metal exports from the Americas? (SOL WHII.4e,f)

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5. What was the triangular trade? What was the impact of precious metal exports from the Americas? (SOL WHII.4e,f)

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The triangular trade linked Europe, Africa, and the Americas. Slaves, sugar, and rum were traded.

Export of precious metals

Gold and silver exported to Europe and Asia

Impact on indigenous empires of the Americas

Impact on Spain and international trade.

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4. What were the roles of the Commercial Revolution and mercantilism in the growth of European nations? (SOL WHII.5e)

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4. What were the roles of the Commercial Revolution and mercantilism in the growth of European nations? (SOL WHII.5e)

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Commercial Revolution

European maritime nations competed for overseas markets, colonies, and resources.

A new economic system emerged:

New money and banking systems were created.

Economic practices such as mercantilism evolved.

Colonial economies were limited by the economic needs of the mother country.

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3. What was the effect of the Columbian Exchange between European and indigenous cultures?—please include things that were exchanged. (SOL WHII.4d)

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3. What was the effect of the Columbian Exchange between European and indigenous cultures?—please include things that were exchanged. (SOL WHII.4d)

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Columbian Exchange

Western Hemisphere agricultural products, such as corn, potatoes, and tobacco, changed European lifestyles.

European horses and cattle changed the lifestyles of American Indians.

European diseases, such as smallpox, killed many American Indians.

Impact of the Columbian Exchange

Shortage of labor to grow cash crops led to the use of African slaves.

Slavery was based on race.

European plantation system in the Caribbean and the Americas destroyed indigenous economics and damaged the environment.

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2. What were the effects of European migration and settlement on the Americas, Africa, and Asia?  (SOL WHII.4c)

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2. What were the effects of European migration and settlement on the Americas, Africa, and Asia?  (SOL WHII.4c)

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Americas

Expansion of overseas territorial claims and European emigration to North and South America

Demise of Aztec and Inca Empires

Legacy of a rigid class system and dictatorial rule in Latin America

Forced migration of Africans who had been enslaved

Colonies’ imitation of the culture and social patterns of their parent countries
Africa

European trading posts along the coast

Trade in slaves, gold, and other resources

Asia

Colonization by small groups of merchants (India, the Indies, China)

Influence of trading companies (Portuguese, Dutch, British)

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1. What were the regional trade patterns and why were they important?  (SOL WHII.2d)

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1. What were the regional trade patterns and why were they important?  (SOL WHII.2d)

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Traditional trade patterns linking Europe with Asia and Africa

Silk Routes across Asia to the Mediterranean basin

Maritime routes across the Indian Ocean

Trans-Saharan routes across North Africa

Northern European links with the Black Sea

Western European sea and river trade

South China Sea and lands of Southeast Asia

Importance of trade patterns

Exchange of products and ideas