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Hmong Timeline, n.d., The Minnesota Historical Society Sites. www.mnhs.org/hmong/hmongtimeline. Accessed 15 Oct. 2017.

Tapp, Nicholas. "Cultural accommodations in Southwest China: The 'Han Miao' and problems in the ethnography of the Hmong." Asian Folklore Studies, vol. 61,   no. 1, 2002, p. 77+. Religion and PhilosophyCollection, proxy.deltacollege.edu:8080/login?url= http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?p=PPRP&sw=w&u=sjdc_main&v=2.1&id=GALE%7C A93211804&it=r&asid=44f2ce2cc8f13a2eb1d6c34e1ed897d3. Accessed 12 Oct. 2017. https://www.hmongism.org/digging-our-root

Xiong, YuePheng. Digging Our Roots: Hmong History, 2003, https://www.hmongism.org/digging-our-root. Accessed 20 Oct. 2017.

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The very last time the Hmong were forced to leave their home and village was the Vietnam War.  The death toll for Hmong soliders was 3,000 and about 6,000 were wonded ("Hmong Timeline"). As a result of the aftermath and the effect of the war, many Hmong who served alongside with the CIA during the Secret War were given allotment to legally migrate to the U.S. or the country of choice.

Life In America
Decades later after the Vietnam War effect, many Hmong elders and adults who were affected by the war are still doing their best to overcome the trauma. This war has a longer lasting affect on the  Hmong due to the fact that  we are no longer scatter around Southeast Asia, but we are now scattered around the world without a place to call our homeland. On the contrary, thanks to the opportunity to rebuild ourselves again in America, many Hmong people has become leaders, educators, doctors, nurses, and more. Even though we lost a lot over the centuries, there are still hope for the Hmong to prosper.

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One of the first fall out of the Hmong people was the fallen of King Chiyou and the Juili Kingdom. Due to a war between King Chiyou, Huangdi and Ynadi (who are decedents of Chinese people); Chiyou was defeated by Huangdi (Xiong, "Digging").

The San Miao Kingdom lasted for 500 years and eventually had fallen into the hands of Imperial China again. The Hmong were forced to be sent away to the northwestern region of China. More kingdoms were established, but taken over by the Chinese (Xiong, "Digging").

The Miao (1795-1806) and Taiping Rebellion (1850-1864) had scattered the Hmong into China and throughout other regions in Southeast Asia such as Laos, Myammar, Thailand, and Vietnam ("Hmong Timeline").

The Hmong desparetely tried to fight their way to independence, but to no avail; those who migrated to Laos ended up being oppressed by both Laos and French governments ("Hmong Timeline").

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About 4,000 to 3,000 B.C.E. the Hmong originated from the Yellow and Yangtze rivers. As a matter of fact, several scholars believe that the Hmong were the first ones to land in China before the Chinese  (“Hmong Timeline”).

Archaeologist made a discovery of the Liangzhu culture in Jiangsu province, China. This discovery was about 7,000 years old. During an international meeting in 1996, it was agreed upon that the Liangzhu culture was a part of the Hmong culture. King Chiyou was the leader of this group (Xiong, “Digging”).

The Hmong first Kingdom was known as Juili which is about 5,785 years old! The kingdom was led by King Chiyou. The Hmong citizens were more advanced than Chinese people during this time. They were able to make weapons out of metals and irons as well as establishing a government system (Xiong, “Digging”).

The second kingdom came to power about 1,000 years later and it is known as the San Miao Kingdom (Xiong, “Digging”).

In the Hmong language there are several dialects such as White Hmong (Hmoob Daw), Green Hmong (Hmoob Ntsua), Hmong Chinese (Hmoob Swa). White Hmong dialect is more modern and easier to learn in comparison to Green Hmong and Hmong Chinese. A good example American language versus British accent. Furthermore, Hmong Chinese has a more heavier Chinese accent than Green Hmong's dialect.