# data[].attributes.body
Genitive = of
Owner of object is the noun put into the Genitive Case.

ex. puell-ae mater: the mother  of   the girl  or  the girl's mother.
puer-i pater: the father of the boy    or   the boy's father.

# data[].attributes.body
https://docs.google.com/a/lawrenceville.org/document/d/1Ymwgyp1WQeY1EJMyIDX8rd2SaA2ci3Iv0sGkwGjTMXw/edit?usp=sharing

# data[].attributes.body
You use indirect statements when you are reporting something else that people have said, heard, believed, etc. It is always kicked off with a head word.

# data[].attributes.body
3rd declension
*third declension vocative and nominative is the same
singular
nom: (varies)
gen: is
dat: i
acc: em
abl: e
plural
nom: es/a
gen: um
dat: ibus
acc: es/a
abl: ibus

# data[].attributes.body
Imperatives:
(When you're giving an order, like give! or look!)
Singular: Infinitive - re
Plural: Singular Imperative + te (3rd, 3rd io, and 4th declension all have ite ending)
Negative command:
Singular: noli + infinitive
Plural: nolite + infinitive

# data[].attributes.body
1st Declension
Nom (subject) -a
Acc (object) -am

2nd Declension
Nom (subject) -us / -er
Acc (object) -um

# data[].attributes.body
1st Conjugation
stems in -a

2nd Conjugation
stems in -e

3rd Conjugation
stems ending in consonants

4th Conjugation
stems in -i

# data[].attributes.body
Feminine - 1st Declension endings
Masculine - 2nd Declension endings
Neuter - neither m or f

# data[].attributes.body
Adjectives always have the SAME CASE AND GENDER of the nouns they describe

The complement after the verb "est" always agrees with the subject

# data[].attributes.body
Verbs:
3rd Person Singular: -t
3rd Person Plural: -nt

# data[].attributes.body
"ille" - that man, he
"illa" - that woman, she
-> indicates a change of subject

# data[].attributes.body
1. Present stem
2. Thematic vowel + ba
3. + present endings

1s bam
2s bas
3s bat
1p bamus
2p batis
3p bant

# data[].attributes.body
Also known as the 'indirect object'.

Dative case = 'to' or 'for'

Commonly used with verbs meaning to 'say to', 'give to', 'show to', etc

# data[].attributes.body
mihi to me
tibi to you
nobis to us
vobis to you
ei to him, to her
eis to them

# data[].attributes.body
resistare : to resist

imperare : to order

occurrere : to run to meet

succurrere : to run to help

accedere : to approach

**Many verbs of motion take the dative case**

# data[].attributes.body
https://quizlet.com/_40byuq

# data[].attributes.body
I will have ___ed
(Same for every conjugation)
Perfect stem +

1S: ero
2S: eris
3S: erit
1P: erimus
2P: eritis
3P: erint

# data[].attributes.body
https://docs.google.com/a/lawrenceville.org/document/d/1lfm_klwGP1Ut_J9r4O1igoT7Klv18NbslaDCAeKKVIc/edit?usp=sharing

# data[].attributes.body
I will ______.

Present Stem (1st principle part is the present stem!)

Thematic vowel

Depends

1st and 2nd conjugation:

1S: B

2S, 3S, 1P, 2P: Bi

3P: Bu

3rd, 3io, and 4th conjugation:

Ham + 5 Eggs

Person ending

For 3io and 4th conjugation: add and 'i' before thematic

# data[].attributes.body
https://quizlet.com/_3unmd3

# data[].attributes.body
1st Declension (f)
Sing      Plural
Nom     a              ae
Gen      ae            arum
Dat       ae            is
Acc      am           as
Abl       a               is

2nd Declension (m)
Sing               Plural
Nom  us/um           I/a
Gen    I                     orum
Dat    O                     is
Acc   um                  os/a
Abl    o                      is

3rd Declension (m/f/n)
Sing                Plural
Nom ----                 es/a
Gen  is                   um
Dat   I                     ibus
Acc  em/----           es/a
Abl   e/i                  ibus

4th Declension (m/f)
Sing                Plural
Nom  -us                  -us
Gen    -us                 -us
Dat     -ui                -ibus
Acc   -um                -us
Abl     -u                 -ibus

Neuter
Nom    -u            -ua
Gen     -us          -uum
Dat     -ui            -ibus
Acc     -u              -ua
Abl      -u             -ua

5th Declension
Nom -es -es
Gen -ei -erum
Dat -ei -ebus
Acc -em -es
Abl -e -ebus

# data[].attributes.body
Adverbs are usually attached to verbs and tell you how the action of the verb is performed.
Long e endings (used for bonus type adjectives) and -ter endings (used for 3rd declension adjectives) are good indications of adverbs.

ex. lent-us: slow   lent-e: slowly
fortis: brave fortiter: bravely

# data[].attributes.body
I ____ed
I have ____ed
3rd principal part (1st person singular active indicative) stem + perfect endings
-i (1st person singular)
-isti (2nd person singular)
-it (3rd person singular)
-imus (1st person plural)
-istis (2nd person plural)
-erunt (3rd person plural)

# data[].attributes.body
I had ___ed
Perfect stem + pluperfect endings
-eram (1st person singular)
-eras (2nd person singular)
-erat (3rd person singular)
-eramus (1st person plural)
-eratis (2nd person plural)
-erant (3rd person plural)
Endings are -era + present endings

# data[].attributes.body
Present stem+thematic vowel+present ending
I __
-m,-o (1st person singular)
-s (2nd person singular)
-t (3rd person singular)
-mus (1st person plural)
-tis (2nd person plural)
-nt (3rd person plural)

# data[].attributes.body
Latin changes the verb endings to show which person (I, you, he, etc) is preforming the action of the verb. (Old English did the same, ex. I come, thou comest, he cometh.) All of the verb endings are in the second column.

# data[].attributes.body
1. No neuter in first declension
2.  2nd declension
um                  a
i                       orum
o                      is
um                   a
o                      is

3. 3rd Declension

-----                        a
is                          um
i                             ibus
--------                      a
e                            ibus

MOST THIRD DECLENSION ADJECTIVES HAVE STEMS IN I AND KEEP THE I IN THE ABLATIVE SINGULAR<< GENTIVE PLURAL AND THOUGHOUT THE PLURAL NEUTER.

# data[].attributes.body
The verb often comes at the end of the sentence
No word for THE or A, its all about context

# data[].attributes.headline
WORD ENDINGS= MOST IMPORTANT PART OF SENTENCE

# data[].attributes.subject
WORD ENDINGS= MOST IMPORTANT PART OF SENTENCE

# data[].attributes.body
You need to know the word endings to figure out what the sentence means.

# data[].attributes.body
A new case is used in this chapter called the vocative; this is used when calling or addressing someone. This case always has the same form as the nominative except for the singular of 2nd declension nouns ending -us, which end -e in the vocative.

# data[].attributes.body
When an action in the past is continuous, repeated, or incomplete

# data[].attributes.body
-bam
-bas
-bat
-bamus
-batis
-bant

# data[].attributes.body
-eram
-eras
-erat
-eramus
-eratis
-erant

# data[].attributes.body
ero
eris
erit
erimus
eritis
erint
I shall have or I will have

# data[].attributes.body
Used to express a completed past action

# data[].attributes.body
-i
-isti
-it
-imus
-istis
-erunt

# data[].attributes.body
1 and 2nd
bo
bis
bit
bimus
bitis
bunt

3rd, 3rd io, 4
am
es
est
emus
etis
ent

# data[].attributes.body
M F N
nom: unus una unum
gen: unius unius unius
dat: uni uni uni
acc: unum unam unum
abl: uno una uno

# data[].attributes.body
viginti: 20
centum: 100
mille: 1,000

# data[].attributes.body
Duration of time, saying how long an action or event lasts, is expressed by the accusaitve case.

Time when, saying at what time an action or event took place, is expressed by the ablative case

# data[].attributes.body
Relative pronoun agrees with the word it refers to in gender and number but the case depends on function.

Relative pronoun: qui, quae, quod
nom: who
gen: whose
Acc: whom

# data[].attributes.body
Adjectives ending in -er:
double "r" to form superlative
e.g. celer -> celerrimus
miser -> miserrimus

Adjectives ending in -ilis:
double "l" to form superlative
e.g. facilis -> facillimus
difficilis -> difficillimus

# data[].attributes.body
Take first principle part and adds ingens, ingentis endings
Translate: ____ing

Example: Vexo, vexare
Vexans, Vexantis: Annoying

- agree with noun or pronoun in case, gender and number
- sometimes can be translated by a clause
e.g. implied "while" or "when" etc

# data[].attributes.body
*genitive singular: -ius
*dative singular: -i
alter, altera, alterum: one or the other
uter, utra, utrum: which of the two?
*the nueter, utrum, is used in a double question followed by "an" (or)
uterque, utraque, utrumque: each of two

# data[].attributes.body
Accusative neuter of comparative adjective = comparative adverb
e.g. fortior - braver
fortius - more bravely

Superlative adverb formed by changing ending from -us to -e:
e.g. fortissimus - very brave
fortissime - very bravely

# data[].attributes.body
Multus
Adverb - multum
Comparative adverb - plus
Superlative adverb - plurimum

Magnus
Adverb - magnopere
Comparative adverb - magis
Superlative adverb - maxime

Diu, diutius, diutissime

Saepe, saepius, saepissime

Quam + superlative - as large as

# data[].attributes.body
Active: the subject acts
Quintus calls Marcus
Passive: the subject is acted upon
Marcus is called by Quintus

The perfect passive participle is a verbal adjective, declined like a 1st/2nd declension adjective.

# data[].attributes.body
Nom Subject + main verb [head word] // accusative subject + infinitive.

# data[].attributes.body
Take first principle part and adds ingens, ingentis endings
Translate: ____ing

Example: Vexo, vexare
Vexans, Vexantis: Annoying

# data[].attributes.body
Jordan (subject) thinks (main verb) that (head word) he (subject) will always get (verb) the comfortable chair.

# data[].attributes.body
Take 4th principle part minus and add -ur before the endings

Vexaturus, vexatura, vexaturum
To about to be annoying

# data[].attributes.body
Take 2nd principle part, remove -re and add -ndus, -nda, -ndum

Vexandus, vexanda, vexandum
To about to be annoyed

# data[].attributes.body
Horatia (Nom Subj) dicit (Main Verb) [implied head word] Quintum (Acc Subj) serum esse (verb).

Horatia says that Quintus is late.

Puto (Main Verb, implied subject) eam (Acc Subj) cenam bene facere (verb).

I think that she makes dinner well.

# data[].attributes.body
4th Principle Part

Vexatus, vexata, vexatum
To having been annoyed

# data[].attributes.body
Nouns that have a case, #, and gender.
Gerunds are always neuter and singular.

# data[].attributes.body
Endings of Gerunds are the same as 2nd declension:
Sing Plural
Nom
Gen
Dat
Acc
Abl

# data[].attributes.body
-ere : to ___

# data[].attributes.body
-ri : to be ___ed

# data[].attributes.body
-urus + esse : to be about to ___

# data[].attributes.body
3rd principle part + isse :
to have ___ed

# data[].attributes.body
-us + esse : to be ___ed