# data[].attributes.body
The decline seen in peak force production and muscle output associated with intense or prolonged muscle activity.

Depends on:

Intensity and duration of stimulation

Muscle fibre type

Types of Muscle Fatigue

High frequency fatigue

Fast onset

Fast recovery

Metabolic fatigue

Less force produced due to less Ca2+ released

Long duration fatigue

Caused by stretching the muscle while contracting (eccentric damage)

Raising intracellular [Ca2+] too much for too long

# data[].attributes.body
Isometric - constant length of muscle during contraction, no external work is generated (work = force x distance)

Isotonic - muscle produces mechanical work after shortening under constant load

Eccentric - muscle stretched while contracting

Isokinetic - muscle shortens at constant velocity

Auxotonic - muscle shortens at variable velocity

# data[].attributes.body
Frequent stimulation of twitch fibres results in tetanus

APs are "all-or-nothing" events therefore they cannot fused together.

The [Ca2+] transient responses do fuse

This is shown in the complete or incomplete fusion of the 'twitch' force responses

Completely fused force response = complete/fused tetani

Incompletely fused force response = incomplete/unfused tetani

# data[].attributes.body
Muscle fibres are innervated by a single motor neuron

Motor unit = basic unit of motor function = one motor neuron together with all the muscle fibres it innervates.

Fine movement control is generally mediated by 3-6 muscle fibres (ocular muscles) whereas powerful contractions are created by over 2000 fibres (quadriceps)

Strength of contraction is generally mediated by the amount of muscle fibres innervated.

# data[].attributes.body
The potential at which there is no net current across the membrane --> the sum of the currents carried by different ions is equal to zero.

The Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz (GHK) equation allows EM to be calculated from the concentration differences of K+, Cl- and Na+ and their relative permeabilities.

K+, Cl- and Na+ are the most permeable ions and therefore have the greatest effect on EM.

# data[].attributes.body
Fibres extend from tendon to tendon

Multinucleated cells with peripheral nuclei

# data[].attributes.body
1. Locomotion
2. Respiration
3. Blood circulation
4. Digestion
5. Excretion
6. Reproduction
7. Vocalisation
8. Vision

# data[].attributes.body
Sarcoplasm

Myoplasm

Cytoplasm

Intracellular

ATPase: the active provess by which energy in the form of ATP hydrolysis is used to translocate a certain ion across a membrane against its concentration gradient.

# data[].attributes.body
Striated (striped)

cardiac (auto-regulated)

skeletal (strength, speed and agility required)

Smooth (visceral)

In all muscle types, contraction is initiated by a rise in intracellular ionised calcium concentration in response to electrical and/or pharmaco-chemical stimulation.

# data[].attributes.body
Called fibres

Large in comparison to other cells

'myo' = muscle

'sarco' = flesh