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The article I found this document on says, "The faint typewriting here reads: '...I mean laying down a definite set of rules governing play and then obeying them, or in other words 'programming oneself as a chess machine'. Anyone can do this: the only apparatus required is board and men, and perhaps pencil and paper. Both Dr. Shannon and I have many others. I recommend it as easy, instructive and entertaining. Similar experiments can be made with 'paper learning machines.'"

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^This is a part of the document that was printed very faint.

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I think this document just give the idea to anyone who sees it, how cruel the court system in the UK at that time was. Alan Turing was almost sent to prison only because he didn't like girls. So, this document was over an important part of Turing's life and Turing did so much for the whole world, it is important we know not only about what he did for us, but we know about his life story because he was a big part of WW II.

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These first parts of the article quickly go over an article introduction and  Alan's early life. He was a British mathematician and logician, who was famous for his workings in the areas of math, cryptanalytics, logic, philosophy, mathematical biology, computer science, cognitive science, artificial intelligence, and artificial life.

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What does this source have to do with US history?

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What does this source have to do with US history?

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This document was written by Alan Turing, who, once again helped crack the Enigma, and that led to the end of WW II. So, anything Turing did, even if it was writting a report to voice his opinion, is important to the entires worlds history.

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This is a picture of a document that has Alan Turing's official trial records. He was charged with gross indecency (being homosexual), which he pleaded guilty to. He got a choice of a year in prison or a year of "therapy" that gave him hormone medications to essentially make him not gay.

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Citation: "Alan Turing's Trial, 1952." Turing.org.uk. N. p., 2018. Web. 22 Jan. 2018.
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Link: http://www.turing.org.uk/sources/sentence.html

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This picture was on the site Turing.org.uk. This site gives good primary sources on the topic of Alan Turing. And because it gives primary sources, which are pictures of actual artifacts involving Turing's life, I would say this site is credible. I am not totally sure who the exact author is, but I assume it was someone who works in the court system to be abel to make the official court summary paper, so I woud say that this author was of high authority when this document was made.

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This document is a report Turing made after attending a conference in London. The document is all of Turing's opinions on the matters he heard at the conference including A. M. Uttley's talk on 'Information, Machines, and Brains', Eliot Slater on 'Statistics for the Chess Computer and the Factor of Mobility', and the Shannon theory of information.

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Citation: "Conference On Information Theory, London 1950." Turing.org.uk. N. p., 2018. Web. 22 Jan. 2018.
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Link: http://www.turing.org.uk/sources/info50turing.html

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Conference on Information theory, 26-29 September 1950

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Conference on Information theory, 26-29 September 1950

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I found this source on Site article is on Turing.org.uk. This site gives good primary sources on the topic of Alan Turing. And because it gives primary sources, which are pictures of actual artifacts involving Turing's life, I would say this site is credible. The author of the Conference in Information Theory itself was written by Alan Turing himself.

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Citation: "Alan Turing | Biography, Facts, & Education." Encyclopedia Britannica. N. p., 2018. Web. 19 Jan. 2018.
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Link: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Alan-Turing

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What does this artical say about US history? 

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What does this artical say about US history? 

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This artical is used to help others understand the importatnce of Turing's work throughout the whole world. He was a major contributer to helping us invent the computer, and without him, we would not of had computers like we do today, in the time we have them.

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The last five paragraphs of the article talk about Turing inventing the Turing test, a way machines are evaluated to tell if they are smart or not. Then, in 1951, Turing was elected a to be part of the Royal Society of London, which is a very high honor. But, in March of 1951, Alan was convicted of gross indecency, and because he then had a criminal history, he would never be able to work for the government again.

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These next three paragraphs of the article described in detail Turing's life as a codebreaker and computer designer. In 1940, Turing and other government codebreakers designed a code-breaking machine which was known as the Bombe. For the rest of the war, Bombes supplied the British government of a lot of military intelligence. This machine eventually found enough information for Alan and his crew to crack the Enigma and win the war. Then, after the war, Turing joined the National Physical Laboratory in London to create an electronic computer. His design for the Automatic Computing Engine was the first complete electronic digital computer.

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Alan Turing -BRITISH MATHEMATICIAN AND LOGICIAN

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Alan Turing -BRITISH MATHEMATICIAN AND LOGICIAN

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I found this artical on Britannica.com. This is another artical that summarizes Turing's life, but it also goes into detail about all of his acomplishments. I think this site is credible, because usually Britannica.com is a good site to be at for good, and true information. This artical was written by B.J. Copeland. He is a Professor of Philosophy, and the Director of the Turing Archive for the History of Computing at the University of Canterbury, in New Zealand.

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Citation: "How Accurate Is The Imitation Game? We’Ve Separated Fact From Fiction.." Slate Magazine. N. p., 2018. Web. 19 Jan. 2018.
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Link: http://www.slate.com/blogs/browbeat/2014/12/03/the_imitation_game_fact_vs_fiction_how_true_the_new_movie_is_to_alan_turing.html

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What Does the Imitation Game say about US History?

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What Does the Imitation Game say about US History?

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This article was made in 2014, shortly after the Imitation Game was made. It was this movie that taught me about Alan Turing before I watched the movie I had no clue who Turing was. This movie helped me understand the importance of Alan Turing and gave me an idea of what life was really like during World War II. This movie was informative and taught about World War II. So, I feel like this movie will help other understand like it helped me, and this article helps clear up all of the facts from fiction that took place in the movie. Even though the movie and all of Alan Turing's life took place in the UK, Alan Turing helped end World War II, witch America was very much involved in.

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^Actor Benedict^ Cummberbatch who plays Alan Turing in The Imitation Game

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^Actor Benedict^ Cummberbatch who plays Alan Turing in The Imitation Game

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These paragraphs talk about the other characters in The Imitation Game and what was accurate about them and what not. These characters include Commander Denniston, Hugh Alexander, Joan Clarke, Stewart Menzies, John Cairncross, Peter Hilton, Jack Good, and Detective Nock.

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These paragraphs focus on Alan Turing's differences in his personality between the movie and real life. A major difference they talked about was Alan's humor. In the movie, he seemed like an anti-social, anxious, bullied, humorless character with mild autism. He wasn't any of these things. He was smart but spoke out about his beliefs, and his friends would often describe him as funny. He was openly gay and wasn't afraid to show it.

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These paragraphs are the intro to the article. The article points out the differences between the 2014 movie about Turing's life titled, The Imitation Game, and the real Alan Turing's life.

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I found this article on Slate.com. Although this article is not about Turing himself, I found it very useful to clear up and give small facts about Alan Turing I wouldn't find anywhere else. I think this site is credible.  This article was written by L.V. Anderson. She was a former Slate associate editor.

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Alan Turing helped crack the Enigma by creating the bombe machine. If he wouldn't have cracked the Enigma, the war would have raged on longer than it did. He saved thousands of people from the Holocost.

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After World War II, Alan was awarded an Order of the British Empire for his work. In June of 2007, a life-sized statue of Turing was placed in Bletchley Park. Another statue was unveiled at the University of Surrey on October 28, 2004. Additionally, the Princeton University Alumni Weekly named Turing the second "most significant alumnus" in the whole history of that school. Then, following a petition that was started by John Graham-Cumming, Prime Minister Gordon Brown released a statement on September 10, 2009, on behalf of the British government. This statement apologized to Turing for unfairly prosecuting him as a homosexual. In 2013, Queen Elizabeth II granted Turing a royal pardon about 60 years after he died. Then, three years later, on October 20, 2016, the British government announced the making of Turing's Law to pardon thousands of gay and bisexual people who were tried for homosexual acts when it was considered a crime.

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In the early 1950s Turing had a break-in, so naturally, he called the police. He ended up having to admit that he was homosexual. Because homosexuality was illegal in the UK at the time, he was charged with gross indecency.  After his arrest, Turing was forced to choose between temporary probation on the condition that he receive hormonal treatment or imprisonment. He chose the treatment. He had to take injections of hormones for a year, which eventually turned out that did not serve the purpose of the medicine at all. He was - still - gay. After his year of "treatment", they refused to let him work at his previous job.

Turing died on June 7, 1954. He died of cyanide poisoning. Although it is still not certain how he died, it is widely thought that he committed suicide. His suffocated to death because of the cyanide poisoning.

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The next part of the article describes Alan's place in World War II. He was one of the leaders who worked on breaking codes (particularly the codes of the German ciphers) during the war. He worked at Bletchley Park, the GCCS wartime station. That's where he made a few major advances in the area of cryptanalysis, one of which is specifying the bombe (an electromechanical device used to help decipher German Enigma encrypted signals). Then, he wrote two papers about mathematical approaches to code-breaking. When he moved to London in the mid-1940's, he led the design work for the Automatic Computing Engine and created a blueprint for store-program computers. He seemed very accomplished.

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These first two parts of the article basically describe Alan growing up. He was born on June 23, 1912. His full name was Alan Mathison Turing. Even when he was little, people could recognize his intelligence, so his family enrolled him in Sherborne School when he was 13. Then, he moved to King's College, studying there from 1931-1934. Then, he went to study at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton. After receiving his Ph.D. there in 1938, he returned to Cambridge. Then he took a part-time position with the Government Code and Cypher School. Which is a British code-breaking organization.

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"Alan Turing." Biography.com. N. p., 2018. Web. 16 Jan. 2018.
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Link: https://www.biography.com/people/alan-turing-9512017

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This article was last updated on November 17, 2017. The author is not available, but the article was published by A&E Television Networks. Even though the website did not have the name of the author I think the cite is still credible. At the bottom of the article, there is a section about credibility/citation. They have listed contact information, access date (Jan. 15, 2018), website name, and  URL. Given that they have made this information available, I would say that this article is credible.

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This article was found on Biography.com. It is This article covers many points on Alan's life including what he is famous for, what awards he has won, and his life story.