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1921: Diem embarked on Governmental Service

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1921: Diem embarked on Governmental Service

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Right after Diem graduates school, he joins the imperial bureaucracy at the lowest level. However, he ascends to the top pretty swiftly. From administrative supervisor of a small district to province chief.

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Early 1930s: Diem starts to strongly rebel against French colonial rule

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Early 1930s: Diem starts to strongly rebel against French colonial rule

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Diem works very closely with Bai to fight against French colonialism and seek absolute autonomy of Vietnam by weakening colonial control that was inflicted within Vietnamese society.

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Due to the fact that French troops re-occupied Vietnam, the Indochina war was initiated. Which forced Ho to divert his focus from Diem to the War.

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American intervened with the main purpose of preventing the spread of communism in Vietnam. As a result, the Us government was quite interested in Diem and his political ideologies as they were trying to replace Bao Dai.

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1951: Diem’s interview in regards to the the Indochina conflict

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1951: Diem’s interview in regards to the the Indochina conflict

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Diem used this opportunity in an attempt to impress the US government by stating that Ho and Mao Zedong are seeking to spread communism in a larger part of east asia. And that Bao Dai needs to be replaced by someone who has no affiliation. to neither the french union or the communist movement.

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1954: Truce Agreement at the Geneva Convention

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1954: Truce Agreement at the Geneva Convention

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The truce was officially signed in July of 1954 by French officials and Viet Minh resulting in the animosity to stop. Moreso, this also resulted in Vietnam being separated as two political entities and also established the framework for future elections that needed to be enforced by both sides of Vietnam.

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1954: Influx of refugees sought asylum in South Vietnam. 

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1954: Influx of refugees sought asylum in South Vietnam. 

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Diem initially believed that the maximum number of refugees would be 10000. However, after the partitions thousands of catholics sought asylum in the south.

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Mid 1950s: CIA employed religious and political propaganda against North Vietnam.

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Mid 1950s: CIA employed religious and political propaganda against North Vietnam.

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The collective effort between the US government and South Vietnam was used to convince more north vietnamese to relocate because it was beneficial to accept refugees as then the north would be outnumbered in popularity in elections.

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Mid 1950s: Landsdale's psywar to further weaken North Vietnam

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Mid 1950s: Landsdale's psywar to further weaken North Vietnam

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Lansdale’s team weaponized religious sentiments spreading propaganda that insisted that religious figures such as Christ and Mary would have condoned the actions of the communist movement. And that the values of catholicism lies in the south, which is also led by a catholic leader.

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1953-61: The conflicting narratives of Diem

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1953-61: The conflicting narratives of Diem

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During the Eisenhower era, the general US public opinion glorified Diem’s political record, such as his policies, leadership qualities and his impact on South Vietnam. Where on the other hand, many south vietnamse perceived Diem as an embodiment of terror and corruption.

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1963: Ngo Dinh Nhu influence and political responsibilities 

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1963: Ngo Dinh Nhu influence and political responsibilities 

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Nhu authority was immensely influential during Diem’s reign as he was arguably the only person Diem trusted in regards to politics and sought advice and support from.

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1956: Can Lao gained tremendous control over South Vietnam

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1956: Can Lao gained tremendous control over South Vietnam

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Can Lao political party would be described as having immense power as they were able to infiltrate many valuable facets of the society, such as the army, police, educational system and also the media. They also acquired information on suspected traitors and also attempted to consolidate more power to the Diem regime.

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1956: Diem's violent response towards Communism Backfire 

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1956: Diem's violent response towards Communism Backfire 

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Diem anti-communist violence agenda failed because such ruthless and inhumane tactics resulted in more enemies against Diem's leadership than decrese the number of opponents. Furthermore, a large number of south vietnamse were starting to despise his regime because of such immoral political actions.

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Late 1950s: Issue of Agrarianism worsened.

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Late 1950s: Issue of Agrarianism worsened.

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In south vietnam, majority of the farmers were suffering from the problem of Land ownership because most of the agricultural lands weren't owned by farmers but rented. Therefore, these farmers were constantly in debt for paying the rent, which suggests a very poorly regulated agriculture system by the government.

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Late 1950s: Diem (ineffective) response to the land-ownership issue. 

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Late 1950s: Diem (ineffective) response to the land-ownership issue. 

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Initially, Diem attempted to remedy this situation by issuing rent regulations for landlords and by providing farmers with certain rights. However, his response was extremely inadequate because it failed to voice the struggle of farmers. As these regulations failed to fairly redistribute the lands to the farmers.

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Late 1950s: Economic assistance facilitated by US in South Vietnam   

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Late 1950s: Economic assistance facilitated by US in South Vietnam   

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One of the significant ways the US provided economic relief to South Vietnam was through commercial import programs, which worked to increase industrialization and economic stability of south vietnam without causing direct hyperinflation within their economy

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Many middle class south vietnamse benefited from CIP as it prompted them to seek more financial stability. Whereso, rural and lower class didn’t reap any benefits from CIP as it mainly functioned to expand urban financial lifestyles, while lower class vietnamse were experiencing poverty.

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1959: South Vietnamese National Election

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1959: South Vietnamese National Election

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Even though the election was extremely important to uphold as the public would be voting for the national assembly. The Diem regime ignored their responsibilities to uphold democracy by obstructing any possibilities of a fair election by violently and irrationally penalizing political candidates for their candidacy.

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1960: The efforts of Caravelle group against Diem.

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1960: The efforts of Caravelle group against Diem.

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The caravelle group was composed of many south vietnamese politicians, who religiously voiced their concerns against the Diem regime. Moreso, they worked to raise global awareness of the corrupted totalitarian regime that Diem established in the country. They also advocated for the regulation of fair and effective elections.

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1960: The formation of National Liberation Front

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1960: The formation of National Liberation Front

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The main purpose of NLF was to dismantle imperialistic influences in Vietnam. They also worked to subvert the authoritative regime of Diem.

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1961: The initiation of Agroville Campaign

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1961: The initiation of Agroville Campaign

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This political campaign was forced with the main objective of relocating peasants into areas that were strongly resistant to communist idolization. Therefore, this campaign worked with an effort to subdue the spread of communist in South Vietnam.

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1961: The failed efforts of Agrovilla Campaign 

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1961: The failed efforts of Agrovilla Campaign 

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The campaign backfired quite heavily as south vietnamse peasants were disdained by it. As the campaign forced them to relocate to a foregin land and leave their sacred ancestral lands behind.

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Even though US troops and the ARVN collectively had more soldiers, armory and other war resources, Viet Cong never let that aspect affect their determination to fight against South Vietnam. Moreso, Viet Cong were extremely competent and adamant, which ultimately helped them to win the battle.

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1963: Rise in protest by Buddhist population in South Vietnam. 

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1963: Rise in protest by Buddhist population in South Vietnam. 

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During Diem’s regime, the Buddhist population was severely marginalized as South Vietnam was strongly adhered by catholic ideologies. Which resulted in them protesting as South Vietnam failed to promote secular practices and a citizen’s ability to practice their religion without feeling discriminated nor persecuted.

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June 11, 1963: Thich Quang Duc’s protest of the Diem regime

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June 11, 1963: Thich Quang Duc’s protest of the Diem regime

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Thich Quang Duc was an elderly monk, who decided to vehemently protest against Diem's corruption through the act of burning his body alive as he prayed. in Saigon. Even though many enforcement officers tried to extinguish the fire, other monks surrounded his burning body. a monk delivered a speech about how he became a martyr in the name of justice.

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1963: Chance in attitude by US government towards the Diem Regime 

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1963: Chance in attitude by US government towards the Diem Regime 

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After the new US ambassador came in power, he immediately suggested his stance against Diem’s regime by reaching out to Vietnamse officials and explicitly stating US’ sentiment towards a necessary change in government and the removal of Diem.

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1963: Interference of Foreign Power to mitigate peace between South and North Vietnam.

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1963: Interference of Foreign Power to mitigate peace between South and North Vietnam.

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After the french president stated that strongly disagreed with any military involvement to resolve the conflict between south and north vietnam. He proposed a conference in an attempt to neutralize and unify the countries.

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1963: The suggestive nature of JFK's interview response towards a coup a South Vietnam.

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1963: The suggestive nature of JFK's interview response towards a coup a South Vietnam.

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JFK’s response suggested that the US government started to disapprove of Diem’s regime. And is therefore supportive of any opposition to overthrown Diem’s power.

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The coup was executed by the opposition group with extreme precision and extensive planning, which prevented any chance for the country to be divisive or suffer gravely. And ultimately, Diem and Nhu were assassinated while they were arrested, after the insurgent had already taken place.