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Landscapes and the Quest for River Equilibrium

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Hydro 20Tutorial 207 Senior 20Essay 20 Q1b 

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Read the essay attached and comment on the following:

1.  What makes a good introduction?
2. What are the points of evaluation?
3. How is evaluation done?
4. How would you rate this essay?

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Hello Geographers!

For our second tutorial this week, please complete this (hopefully short) Padlet activity.

Please post a response under each column (i.e. 2-3 responses in total per person). For the section on Q2b, you may work with 1-2 other classmates and submit your response as a pair/trio. Responses are to be posted at least 2 hours before class!

Happy geogging and meandering around this Padlet! 🌏

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Based on your revision of Lecture 6 and understanding of the demands of a 20m essay question, attempt Q2b of your tutorial.

Post a brief essay outline including:

Main overarching argument

Topic sentence + Key idea to be explained for each topic sentence

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Revise Lecture 6 and post any questions you have about the content below!

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1. Introduction
- Setting the context of the essay by defining key terms in the question
- Summary of points to potentially be addressed in body paragraphs by assuming the context (meandering, braided channels in the tropics)
- Stand after consideration of the summary of points, ATQ directly
2. Points of evaluation
-  Sediment regime (given factor) in both meandering and braided channels
- River discharge
- Human activities
3. How is the evaluation done?
- Explanation of the factors to support the topic sentences with constant linking back to the question
- Weighs the factor being explained against the given factor to reinforce stand
- Adds example to substantiate (Three Gorges Dam)
4. Rating
- Largely above average
- Things done well: Good linking of points and cohesive structure of the essay, use of example, relevant points to the question
- Room for improvement: Although the thesis statement/stand states "largely unlikely", the whole essay is arguing against sediment regime being the dominant factor, could be more balanced in supporting and opposing arguments(??)

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1. the essay intro scopes the essay clearly (what are channel patterns) and provides the overarching point in the essay
2. main points are that sediment regime must interact with discharge to determine channel patterns, and that human activities also influence patterns so sediment regime may not be the main point
3. discharge and sediment regime are explained using braided and meandering channels in terms of how it affects channel competency and fluvial processes, and human activities have an example and the effects of it are explained
4. it's an interesting approach (raising separate points for braided and meandering) & paragraphs are linked together, 9/10 dentist would reccomend

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1.  What makes a good introduction?

Clearly states stand, short explanation of stand (state reason), briefly mentions the content that will be elaborated upon in the essay

2. What are the points of evaluation?

Comparison of factors brought up in the question (e.g. sediment regime) with other factors that influence context (e.g. channel patterns, human activities and discharge)

3. How is evaluation done?

Weighing extent of influence of each factor on the context given in the question (e.g. channel patterns)

4. How would you rate this essay?

100000/10, essay was very clear and a lot of content covered, argument is very compelling #slayed #guyboss

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How far do you agree that human activities play a small part in shaping the longitudinal profile of rivers?

Introduction: Shaping of longitudinal profile of rivers already takes place even without the existence/contribution of human activities with the aid of other factors such as discharge due to variations in climate, sediment load and base level. Even though human activities are significant in impacting other factors that affect longitudinal profile of rivers, factors such as discharge due to variations in climate play a larger role in shaping the long profile of rivers. Therefore, this essay posits that human activities play a small part in shaping the longitudinal profile of rivers.

Body Paragraphs: (4 total)

Human activities:

Human activities disrupt the natural conditions of the drainage basin and hence alter natural factors (e.g. discharge, sediment load, base level), which then contributes to the shaping of longitudinal profile of rivers.

Reservoirs and dams hold water behind them and will regulate the flow of water, as flood flows are stored in the reservoirs + Example

Base level:

Human activities such as the construction of dams affects the base level, which is a factor that influences the shape of long profiles of rivers.

E.g. The great dams of Kariba and Cahora on the Zambezi have created new base levels on the river and so have reduced the potential energy in the upper Zambezi. The force of the water over the Victoria Falls is reduced, meaning that the return to a graded profile will take longer.

With the construction of a dam, the base level changes, then streams adjust their grade by changing their channel slope, or by changing their channel pattern, width, or roughness. In some cases, changes in base level is a result of river rejuvenation, which describes the condition where a river sustains or regains sufficient energy for continued or renewed vertical downcutting in its efforts to achieve a new lower base level to re-establish its long, smooth concave profile.

Sediment load:

Other than the base level, human activities also affect sediment load, one of the factors that contributes to shaping the long profile of rivers. With a dam constructed in rivers, the input of sediments is changed, which will change the river's long profile.

Explain how dams affects sediment load -> river’s long profile

Recently, the construction of dams have drastically reduced these sediment load and water discharges. It is estimated that the construction of dams has reduced the sediment fluxes of the Sebou and the Moulouya rivers by nearly 95 and 93% respectively. (Large and angular sediments due to lower velocity??)

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10113-001-0035-7#:~:text=Recently%2C%20the%20construction%20of%20dams,by%20nearly%2095%20and%2093%25.

Discharge due to variations in climate:

However, climate is a key determinant of the general shape of the long profile of the river, of which cannot be affected by human activities. Changes in precipitation/discharge is a result of different climates such as humid and arid tropics, which will in turn change the shape of the long profile of the river.

Long profile of rivers in the humid tropics tend to be concave + Explain/Elaborate

Long profile of rivers in the arid tropics tend to be straighter or even more convex + Explain/Elaborate

Precipitation is the input into the river system, thus any change in the amount of discharge reaching the river will affect the energy available hence the dominance of fluvial processes that will in turn shape its long profile. (Changes in precipitation as a result of different climates - humid vs arid)

Conclusion: In conclusion, human activities play a part in shaping the longitudinal profile of rivers as they regulate many natural conditions and factors that influence the river’s long profile such as base level and sediment load. However, as compared to discharge due to variations in climate, human activities play a small part in shaping the long profile of rivers as climate has a larger scale of impact and is not affected by human activities. Additionally, the shaping of longitudinal profiles of rivers can already take place even without the existence/contribution of human activities. Hence, it can be said that human activities are not of major significance when it comes to its influence on rivers’ long profiles.

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Create a new document and edit with others at the same time -- from your computer, phone or tablet. Get stuff done with or without an internet connection. Use Docs to edit Word files. Free from Google.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Create a new document and edit with others at the same time -- from your computer, phone or tablet. Get stuff done with or without an internet connection. Use Docs to edit Word files. Free from Google.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Create a new document and edit with others at the same time -- from your computer, phone or tablet. Get stuff done with or without an internet connection. Use Docs to edit Word files. Free from Google.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Create a new document and edit with others at the same time -- from your computer, phone or tablet. Get stuff done with or without an internet connection. Use Docs to edit Word files. Free from Google.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Create a new document and edit with others at the same time -- from your computer, phone or tablet. Get stuff done with or without an internet connection. Use Docs to edit Word files. Free from Google.