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A temperate rainforest is a rainforest that is safe from extreme weather. Unlike tropical rainforests, which experience the hot temperature due to proximity to the Equator, temperate rainforests are situated further from the Equator. One example of a temperate rainforest location includes New Zealand’s Kahurangi Rainforest.

Abiotic Factors:

A temperature rainforest will experience:

High prevalence of rain

Moderate temperature (around 20-25 degrees celsius on average)

Stream and continual water flow to maintain moist air and soil

High nutrients in the soil

Moderate sunlight

Biotic factors:

Due to the moderate climate, many biotic factors seek a home in temperate rainforests, such as:

Mosses and ferns

Plants with more extensive and softer leaves

Smaller animals like rabbits, foxes, squirrels etc

Ecological Relationships:

1. The predator-prey relationship between foxes and rabbits will exist in a temperate rainforest ecosystem.

2. xxxxx

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Tropical Rainforests - By Tahlia, Aoife and Romain

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Tropical Rainforests - By Tahlia, Aoife and Romain

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Tropical rainforest are forests that are found in areas in which there is no dry season. All year round there is an average precipitation of at least 60mm every month. The temperature range is from 20 degrees to 25 degrees. Some biotic factors are animals, plants, one hectare of the tropical rainforest can have over 800 species of trees they have both reptiles and amphibians. Abiotic factors are humidity, soil compensation, soil that are rich with iron and aluminium oxides, sunlight and temperature. Tropical rainforests are mainly found in Central and South America. These forests get roughly 12 hours of sunlight a day. In rainforests, a type of commensalism is termites feeding on fruits and vegetables that are fallen from the trees, also making shelters out of many of the trees dead fallen limbs, which is beneficial to the termites, but doesn't effect the trees. Predation in the rainforest include jaguars and sloths, certain types of sloths have gone extinct due to the predator-prey relationship.

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Temperate Forest - Veronica and Elliette

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Temperate Forest - Veronica and Elliette

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Temperate Forests are the second-largest biome covering 25% of the world's forest areas. The Temperate Forest is a forest found between the tropical and boreal regions located in the temperature zone. An example of a temperate forest is the Tongass National Forest in the United States.

Abiotic Factors:

moderate sunlight

nutrients in soil

moist temperature

streams

humid

precipitation

Biotic Factors:
plants: (flora)

broad leaf

trees

plants - soft leaves

animals: (fauna)

birds

fungus

rabbits -> foxes

frogs

Ecological Relationships:

Predation

- foxes hunt rabbits

Competition

- snakes fighting for a frog (prey)

Parasitism

- ticks harm sloth

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An example of a marine biome is a coral reef, more specifically the Great Barrier reef, situated on the North-East shoreline of Australia. Coral reefs are found near coasts such as beaches and land. They are located in warmer waters near the equator to host the colourful corals and fish which utilize the biome as their habitat.

Abiotic factors:
- Warm shallow waters, tropical climate to allow photosynthesis of the zooxanthellae algae to occur
- 20-36 Celsius
-  no soil, only sand to support coral

Biotic factors:
- Coral
- seaweed
- squid
- crab
- crustaceans
- algae
- clown fish
- sea anemone

ecological relationships in a coral reef:
- Clownfish and coral, mutualism. clownfish use the sea anemones as a habitat/ shelter while the clownfish rid the organism of parasites and drop left over food to it
- A mutualistic link exists between corals and algae. The coral provides a safe environment for the algae as well as the substances they require for photosynthesis. In exchange, the algae create oxygen and aid in the removal of waste from the coral.

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Deserts are extremely hot and dry ecosystems with limited rainfall, they also receive huge amounts of sunlight.

An example of a desert is the Sororan Desert in Mexico.

Abiotic Factors:
-Extreme sunlight
-Lots of rocks
-Large rocky landforms
-Hot and dry climate
-Soil with low nutrients
-High temperatures

Biotic Factors:
-Cacti
-Grass
-Coyote
-Wolf
-Birds
-Jackrabbit
-Brittlebrush

Ecological Relationships

-Bees and Cacti: Mutualism
Bees receive nutrients from cacti.
Cacti is pollinated by bees.
-Mistletoe and Desert Willow Trees: Parasitism
While the mistletoe is growing it uses nutrients from the tree.
The willow tree can die from this process because it is losing nutrients.
-Desert Bighorn sheep eaten by mountain lions: Predation
The mountain lion is gaining food and nutrients and the sheep is eaten.

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The grassland biome is made up of large open areas of grasses. They are maintained by grazing animals and frequent fires. Types of grasslands include savannas and temperate grasslands.

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The grassland biome is made up of large open areas of grasses. They are maintained by grazing animals and frequent fires. Types of grasslands include savannas and temperate grasslands.

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a biotic:
soil
temperature
rainfall
topography

biotic:
procedures
consumers
decomposers

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For most of the year, the tundra biome is cold. This biome has a short growing season and harsh conditions. The plants and animals that live there need special adaptations to survive. Tundra forms in two distinct cold and dry regions.

Abiotic factors:
-water
-mountains
-snow

Biotic factors:
-grass
-shrubs and plants
-flowers
-animals (such as foxes, hares, birds, polar bears, yaks, mountain goats etc).

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1. Name and describe the chosen ecosystem:

The Chaparral biome is a semi-arid, shrub-dominated ecosystem, dominated by hard leaved, woody plants. Its mediterranean climate such as, wet winters, hot-dry summers and sporadic fires, consisting of summer-drought-tolerant plants and hard sclerophyllous evergreen leaves. It is similar to the climate out in the Australian outback and Rottnest island, hot, dry and sprinkled with heat tolerant shrubs.

2. Identify the location of one example:

Chaparral is largely found in regions of California and northern Mexico with a climate similar to that of the Mediterranean area, characterised by hot dry summers and mild wet winters.

3. Describe the Abiotic factors (Climate, Temperature, range, rainfall, soil, sunlight):

Abiotic factors include all the non living factors in the ecosystem. These include:
-wind,
-humidity,
-precipitation,
-soil quality.

Wind:Nearly all Chaparral biomes lie within an area of westerly wind and, as such, tend to form on the west side of continents.

Humidity:The Chaparral biome has a low humidity year-round, but it rises somewhat during the winter months when more moisture is present.

Precipitation: There is very little precipitation in the Mediterranean chaparral. The average annual precipitation is 10-20 inches in the form of rain. The average rainfall for the entire winter is 6.8 inches.

4. Describe the biotic factors:

Biotic factors include all the living factors in the particular ecosystem. These include:
kangaroo rats, coyotes, woodpeckers, jackrabbits, and some species of deer.

5. Competition within kangaroos for mates/food.

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Taiga's are the swampy coniferous forest of high northern altitude. For example, most of Canada. the average temperature in the Taiga biome ranges between -20 degrees celcius in the winter and 18 degrees celcius in the summer. There is medium rainfall that falls as snow, quite high sunlight, varying soil quality, and is rather flat. The trees are mainly pine trees. many of the animals have adapted white fur to camouflage themselves.

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1. Tundra is the coldest of all the biomes. Tundra comes from the Finnish word tunturi, meaning treeless plain. It is noted for its frost-molded landscapes, extremely low temperatures, little precipitation, poor nutrients, and short growing seasons.

2. Kalaallit Nunaat high arctic tundra - The Kalaallit Nunaat high arctic tundra ecoregion covers the coastal areas of northern and eastern Greenland

3. Abiotic factors -

frigid temperatures.

strong winds.

very limited rain.

snow.

limited and indirect sunlight.

rocks.

permafrost.

4. Biotic factors -

Polar Bears as Top Predators

Musk Oxen as Primary Consumers

Arctic Foxes and Human Hunting

Emperor Penguins.

Low shrubs such as grass and sedges

Mosses such as lichen.

5. Ecological relationships

1. Parasitism
- Ticks on mammals - Ticks sucking on mammals' blood, harming the mammals
2.
- Commensalism
- Reindeers and Arctic foxes -

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Taiga, also called boreal forest. Generally referred to in North America as a boreal forest, is a biome characterized by coniferous forests consisting mostly of pines, spruces, and larches. It has long winters. The taiga or boreal forest is called the world's largest land biome.

Biotic factors:

·      The plants are mostly coniferous trees consisting of larch, spruce, fir, and pine. There are some deciduous trees and a few species of mosses and lichens as well.

·      Animals consisting of herbivores and hunter species which allow for food chains to exist. Much of the wildlife in the taiga is suited for harsh winters with thick furs, coats, and hibernation cycles.

·      Moose

·      Reindeer

·      Beavers

·      Hares

·      Foxes

Abiotic factors

·      Temperature

·      Sunlight

·      Air

·      Water