# data[].attributes.body
Natural Disasters
General statement:
A natural disaster is a terrible accident, e.g. a great flood, a big fire or an earthquake. It usually causes great suffering and loss of a large sum of money. The casualties are injured or died. Some people are homeless and need medical care. (paragraph 1)

Sequenced of Explanation:
Floods occur when the water of rivers, lakes, or streams overflow their banks and pour onto the surrounding land. Floods are caused by many different things. Often heavy rainstorms that last for a brief can cause a flood. But not all heavy storms are followed by flooding. If the surrounding land is flat and can absorb the water, no flooding will occur. If, however, the land is hard and rocky, heavy rain cannot be absorbed. Where the banks are low, a river may overflow and flood adjacent lowland.

In many parts of the world flood are caused by tropical storms called hurricanes or typhoons. They bring destructive winds of high speed, torrents of rain, and flooding. When a flood occurs, the destruction to surrounding land can be severe. Whole villages and towns are sometimes swept away by water pouring swiftly over the land. Railroad track blocked and uprooted from their beds. Highways are washed away. When a building caught fire, the firemen pitched in to help battle the blaze. Before the pumps were invented, people formed bucket brigades to fight fires. Standing side by side, they formed a human chain from the fire to nearby well or river. They passed buckets of water from to hand to be poured on the flames. (Paragraph 2 & 3)

Closing / Concluding Statement:
The damage of the fire did depend a great deal on where it happened. In the country or a small village, only a single house might burn down. But in crowded cities, fire often destroyed whole blocks and neighbourhoods before being controlled. (Paragraph 4)

Linguistic Features:
It racuses on general : a. A natural disaster is a terrible accident.
b. It usually causes great suffering and loss of a large sum of money.
Use a linking word : if, however, the land is hard & rocky, heavy rain cannot be absorbed
Action verb : They bring destructive winds of high speed, torrents of rain, and flooding.
Passive voices : heavy rain cannot be absorbed
Noun phrases : when a building caught fire
Technical terms & language relevant the subject : floods, Hurricanes, typhoons.Natural Disasters
General statement:
A natural disaster is a terrible accident, e.g. a great flood, a big fire or an earthquake. It usually causes great suffering and loss of a large sum of money. The casualties are injured or died. Some people are homeless and need medical care. (paragraph 1)

Sequenced of Explanation:
Floods occur when the water of rivers, lakes, or streams overflow their banks and pour onto the surrounding land. Floods are caused by many different things. Often heavy rainstorms that last for a brief can cause a flood. But not all heavy storms are followed by flooding. If the surrounding land is flat and can absorb the water, no flooding will occur. If, however, the land is hard and rocky, heavy rain cannot be absorbed. Where the banks are low, a river may overflow and flood adjacent lowland.

In many parts of the world flood are caused by tropical storms called hurricanes or typhoons. They bring destructive winds of high speed, torrents of rain, and flooding. When a flood occurs, the destruction to surrounding land can be severe. Whole villages and towns are sometimes swept away by water pouring swiftly over the land. Railroad track blocked and uprooted from their beds. Highways are washed away. When a building caught fire, the firemen pitched in to help battle the blaze. Before the pumps were invented, people formed bucket brigades to fight fires. Standing side by side, they formed a human chain from the fire to nearby well or river. They passed buckets of water from to hand to be poured on the flames. (Paragraph 2 & 3)

Closing / Concluding Statement:
The damage of the fire did depend a great deal on where it happened. In the country or a small village, only a single house might burn down. But in crowded cities, fire often destroyed whole blocks and neighbourhoods before being controlled. (Paragraph 4)

Linguistic Features:
It racuses on general : a. A natural disaster is a terrible accident.
b. It usually causes great suffering and loss of a large sum of money.
Use a linking word : if, however, the land is hard & rocky, heavy rain cannot be absorbed
Action verb : They bring destructive winds of high speed, torrents of rain, and flooding.
Passive voices : heavy rain cannot be absorbed
Noun phrases : when a building caught fire
Technical terms & language relevant the subject : floods, Hurricanes, typhoons.

# data[].attributes.body
How Cell Phone Work is an explanation text that explains scientific phenomena. This text explains the history of cell phones being invented and how these cell phones work. Usually, explanation texts have 3 structures, they are general statements, sequenced explanations, and closing/concluding statements. However, this explanation text only has 2 structures, the first is a general statement and the second is a sequenced explanation. The Closing/concluding statement section is only optional.

A.    Generic Structure

·       General Statement

In the first part of the structure of the explanation text, there is a general statement that contains general information about the topic to be discussed in the text. Usually this general statement contains the definition. An example of a general statement is in the 1st paragraph of the explanation text How Cell Phone Work. The text is as follows:

"A cell phone is a great gadget in this modern world. What is a cell phone? A cell phone is actually a radio in certain way. Like a radio, by a cell phone we can communicate to other people in real time. Million people use cell phone for their communication. Even nowadays, people use cell phones to communicate in voice, written and data. Alexander Graham Bell is the person who make great change in the way people communicate to each other. He invented a telephone in 1876. While wireless radio was formally known in 18994 presented by Guglielmo Marconi. By these two technologies, then a cell phone was born. However, do you know how actually cell phones work?"

In the general statement structure section, we can conclude that this section contains general information about cell phones and the history of the invention of cell phones.

·       Sequenced of Explanation

In the second part of the structure of the explanation text, there is a sequence of explanation which contains an explanation of how or why something happened. We can also explain by using why and how questions, so that our explanation is more comprehensive. An example of a sequence of explanation is in paragraphs 2 and 3. The text is as follows:

"This short explanation on how a cell phone work is really wonderful. A cell phone or in long term “cellular telephone' works by transmitting signals of radio to towers of cellular. The towers are networked to a central switching station. The connection usually uses wire, fiber-optic-cables, or microwave."

"Then the central switching station which handles calls in certain given area is directed connected to the wire-based telephone system. Cellulars are pick up by the towers and relayed to another cellular telephone user or the user of wire-based telephone network. the towers vary in the capacity and capability to receive signals. Some can receive the signal from short distance and the others can receive more distance. However, there are usually more than one tower in certain given area so that the system can handle the increasing telephone traffic. "

In the sequenced of explanation structure section, we can conclude that this section contains information on how cell phones work.the system can handle the increasing telephone traffic. "

B.    Linguistic Features

·       Linking Word

Linking word is a word which shows a connection between clauses or sentences. Example of linking word are ‘However' and 'so'. Then an example of using a linking word in the text above is in the sentence “However, there are usually more than one tower in certain given area so that the system can handle the increasing telephone traffic.”

·       Passive Voice

Passive voice is a noun or noun phrase that will be the object of the appropriate active sentence to appear as the subject of a sentence or clause in a passive sentence. Then an example of using a Passive Voice in the text above is in the sentence “While wireless radio was formally known in 1896 presented by Guglielmo Marconi.”

·       Technical Terms

Technical terms relate to terms on the phenomenon being discussed. In the text above discusses cell phones related to the field of communication. So, an example related to the communication field in the paragraph above is in the sentence "The connection usually uses wire, fiber optic-cables, or microwave."

·       Action Verbs

Action verbs are verbs that are used to describe an ongoing action. For example: do, make, create, and others. Example : “Like a radio, by a cell phone we can communicate to other people in real time.”

·       Noun Phrase

Noun phrase is a phrase that acts as a noun. the example is in paragraph 2 in the sentence “This short explanation on how a cell phone work is really wonderful.”

·       Simple Present Tense

Explanation text uses the simple present tense because the text explains facts. For example in the first paragraph there is the sentence "Even nowadays, people use cell phones to communicate in voice, written and data."This sentence is one of the uses of the simple present tense because this sentence states a fact.

Team 5 :

Achmad Fajar E. (01)

Fadia Ayu R. (14)

Masrurotul Hawa (23)

Muhammad Hisyam A. S. (26)

Rindu Diansari K. (30)

Salsabil Ramadhani C. (31)

Selena Albinia S. (32)

# data[].attributes.body
General statement:
A natural disaster is a terrible accident, e.g. a great flood, a big fire or an earthquake. It usually causes great suffering and loss of a large sum of money. The casualties are injured or died. Some people are homeless and need medical care.

Sequenced of Explanation:
Floods occur when the water of rivers, lakes, or streams overflow their banks and pour onto the surrounding land. Floods are caused by many different things. Often heavy rainstorms that last for a brief can cause a flood. But not all heavy storms are followed by flooding. If the surrounding land is flat and can absorb the water, no flooding will occur. If, however, the land is hard and rocky, heavy rain cannot be absorbed. Where the banks are low, a river may overflow and flood adjacent lowland.
In many parts of the world flood are caused by tropical storms called hurricanes or typhoons. They bring destructive winds of high speed, torrents of rain, and flooding. When a flood occurs, the destruction to surrounding land can be severe. Whole villages and towns are sometimes swept away by water pouring swiftly over the land. Railroad track blocked and uprooted from their beds. Highways are washed away. When a building caught fire, the firemen pitched in to help battle the blaze. Before the pumps were invented, people formed bucket brigades to fight fires. Standing side by side, they formed a human chain from the fire to nearby well or river. They passed buckets of water from to hand to be poured on the flames.

Closing / Concluding Statement:
The damage of the fire did depend a great deal on where it happened. In the country or a small village, only a single house might burn down. But in crowded cities, fire often destroyed whole blocks and neighbourhoods before being controlled.

Linguistic Features:
It racuses on general : a. A natural disaster is a terrible accident.
b. It usually causes great suffering and loss of a large sum of money.
Use a linking word : if, however, the land is hard & rocky, heavy rain cannot be absorbed
Action verb : They bring destructive winds of high speed, torrents of rain, and flooding.
Passive voices : heavy rain cannot be absorbed
Noun phrases : when a building caught fire
Technical terms & language relevant the subject : floods, Hurricanes, typhoons.

# data[].attributes.body
General Statement:

Biodiesel is a clean burning substitute for petroleum-based diesel fuel. Biodiesel is made of vegetable oil.

Sequenced of Explanation:

To make or manufacture Biodiesel, you must first start with raw materials. The raw materials needed in the production of Biodiesel are a small amount of methanol and a ready supply of vegetable product. One of the most common vegetables used in the production of Biodiesel is corn, although depending on the geographic location of the manufacturing facility many other plants are used as well (rapeseed, soybeans, flaxseed, etc.). The first step is to use the raw vegetable product to make vegetable oil. Vegetable oil by itself will not be what you need to power a car, from here it has to be processed into Biodiesel.
The process for converting vegetable oil into Biodiesel is sometimes called ester interchange. To complete this process the vegetable oil has to be combined with a smaller amount of methanol and then put in the presence of a small quantity of an alkaline catalyst (for example, 5% to 1% sodium hydroxide). Vegetable oil is made up of so-called triglycerides, which is a compound of the trivalent alcohol glycerin with three fatty acids. The goal of ester interchange is to separate the glycerin molecule from the three fatty acids and replace it with three methanol molecules.

Closing / Concluding statement:

This process then yields roughly 90% Biodiesel and 10% of a glycerin byproduct. The glycerin byproduct can be used in a number of other chemical processes for different industries.

Linguistic Features :
• Linking Word :
and
or
for example
as

• Action Verb :
burning
made
supply
production
make
converting
replace

• Passive Voice :
needed
used
processed
combined
called

• Noun Phrase :
•A natural disaster is a terrible accident
•Often heavy rainstorms that last for a brief
•no flooding will occur
•a river may overflow and flood adjacent lowland.
•Whole villages and towns are sometimes swept away
•the firemen pitched in to help battle the blaze
•Before the pumps were invented

• Technical terms :
1.) Biodiesel is a clean burning substitute for petroleum based diesel fuel.

2.) The glycerin byproduct can be used in a number of other chemical processes for different.

3.) The goal of ester interchange is to separate the glycerin molecule from the tree fatty acids and replace it with three methanol molecules.

Team 4 :
Amalia Dwi Firnanda ( 03 )
Cintya Nur Malita ( 10 )
Ibram Pratama Wahyudi ( 19 )
Michael Kenan Brahmantyo ( 24 )
Mochammad Wahyu Adi W. ( 25 )
Muhammad Zainullah ( 28 )
Talitha Madu ( 33 )

# data[].attributes.body
General Statement :
A natural disaster is a terrible accident, e.g. a great flood, a big fire or an earthquake. It usually causes great suffering and loss of a large sum of money. The casualties are injured or died. Some people are homeless and need medical care. (Paragraph 1)

Sequenced of Explanation :
Floods occur when the water of rivers, lakes, or streams overflow their banks and pour onto the surrounding land. Floods are caused by many different things. Often heavy rainstorms that last for a brief can cause a flood. But not all heavy storms are followed by flooding. If the surrounding land is flat and can absorb the water, no flooding will occur. If, however, the land is hard and rocky, heavy rain cannot be absorbed. Where the banks are low, a river may overflow and flood adjacent lowland.
(Paragraph 2)

In many parts of the world flood are caused by tropical storms called hurricanes or typhoons. They bring destructive winds of high speed, torrents of rain, and flooding. When a flood occurs, the destruction to surrounding land can be severe. Whole villages and towns are sometimes swept away by water pouring swiftly over the land. Railroad track blocked and uprooted from their beds. Highways are washed away. When a building caught fire, the firemen pitched in to help battle the blaze. Before the pumps were invented, people formed bucket brigades to fight fires. Standing side by side, they formed a human chain from the fire to nearby well or river. They passed buckets of water from to hand to be poured on the flames. (Paragraph 3)

Closing/concluding statement:
The damage of the fire did depend a great deal on where it happened. In the country or a small village, only a single house might burn down. But in crowded cities, fire often destroyed whole blocks and neighbourhoods before being controlled.
(Paragraph 4)

Linguistic Structure:

It focused on general statements : It usually causes great suffering and loss of a large sum of money.

Use a linking word : If, however, the land is hard and rocky, heavy rain cannot be absorbed.

Action verb : They bring destructive winds of high speed, torrents of rain, and flooding.

Passive voice : ...,heavy rain cannot be absorbed.

Noun phrases : When a building caught fire, the firemen pitched in to help battle the blaze.

Technical terms : ...hurricanes or typhoons.

# data[].attributes.body
- General Structure
• General statement : paragraph 1 and 2
• Sequenced of explanation : paragraph 3 and 4
• Closing : paragraph 5

- Linguistics Features
• Linking words :
1. (Similarly), attractive colours can make food appear tastier and more delicious.
2. (If) food does not smell good or is dull-coloured, it will look tasty and may not taste good at all.
• Action verbs :
1. All other (tastes) are just (mixtures) of two or more of these main types.
2. All this (happens) in just a few seconds.
3. Very hot or cold (sensations) can make the taste-buds insensitive.
• Passive voice :
1. These are (connected) to the brain by special nerves which send the so-called ‘tastes messages.
2. If food does not smell good or is dull-(coloured), it will look tasty and may not taste good at all.
• Noun phrase:
1. The sense of taste is one of (a person’s five senses).
2. (The good smell) of food increases its taste.
3. Similarly, (attractive colours) can make food appear tastier and more delicious.
• Technical terms:
1. We taste with the help of (taste-buds) in the (tongue).
2. The (nerves) then send a message to the brain.
3. There are four kinds of taste-buds, each of which is sensitive to only a (particular) taste.

Team 3
1. Adelia Putri Karistya Imelda/02
2. Anne Viola Wardhani/05
3. Devan Ksatria Utama/11
4. Erza Faradillah Zakariya/13
5. Faiza Kamilah Nuraini/15
6. Giovanni Novae Stella/18
7. Vedaniar Zahra Danardini Mulia/35

# data[].attributes.headline
General Statement : A natural disaster is a terrible accident, e.g. a great flood, a big fire or an earthquake. It usually causes great suffering and loss of a large sum of money. The casualties are injured or died. Some people are homeless and need medical care. (Paragraph 1)Sequenced of Explanation :Floods occur when the water of rivers, lakes, or streams overflow their banks and pour onto the surrounding land. Floods are caused by many different things. Often heavy rainstorms that last for a brief can cause a flood. But not all heavy storms are followed by flooding. If the surrounding land is flat and can absorb the water, no flooding will occur. If, however, the land is hard and rocky, heavy rain cannot be absorbed. Where the banks are low, a river may overflow and flood adjacent lowland. (Paragraph 2)In many parts of the world flood are caused by tropical storms called hurricanes or typhoons. They bring destructive winds of high speed, torrents of rain, and flooding. When a flood occurs, the destruction to surrounding land can be severe. Whole villages and towns are sometimes swept away by water pouring swiftly over the land. Railroad track blocked and uprooted from their beds. Highways are washed away. When a building caught fire, the firemen pitched in to help battle the blaze. Before the pumps were invented, people formed bucket brigades to fight fires. Standing side by side, they formed a human chain from the fire to nearby well or river. They passed buckets of water from to hand to be poured on the flames. (Paragraph 3) Closing/concluding statement:The damage of the fire did depend a great deal on where it happened. In the country or a small village, only a single house might burn down. But in crowded cities, fire often destroyed whole blocks and neighbourhoods before being controlled.(Paragraph 4)Linguistic Structure:It focused on general statements : It usually causes great suffering and loss of a large sum of money. Use a linking word : If, however, the land is hard and rocky, heavy rain cannot be absorbed. Action verb : They bring destructive winds of high speed, torrents of rain, and flooding. Passive voice : ...,heavy rain cannot be absorbed. Noun phrases : When a building caught fire, the firemen pitched in to help battle the blaze. Technical terms : ...hurricanes or typhoons.

# data[].attributes.subject
General Statement : A natural disaster is a terrible accident, e.g. a great flood, a big fire or an earthquake. It usually causes great suffering and loss of a large sum of money. The casualties are injured or died. Some people are homeless and need medical care. (Paragraph 1)Sequenced of Explanation :Floods occur when the water of rivers, lakes, or streams overflow their banks and pour onto the surrounding land. Floods are caused by many different things. Often heavy rainstorms that last for a brief can cause a flood. But not all heavy storms are followed by flooding. If the surrounding land is flat and can absorb the water, no flooding will occur. If, however, the land is hard and rocky, heavy rain cannot be absorbed. Where the banks are low, a river may overflow and flood adjacent lowland. (Paragraph 2)In many parts of the world flood are caused by tropical storms called hurricanes or typhoons. They bring destructive winds of high speed, torrents of rain, and flooding. When a flood occurs, the destruction to surrounding land can be severe. Whole villages and towns are sometimes swept away by water pouring swiftly over the land. Railroad track blocked and uprooted from their beds. Highways are washed away. When a building caught fire, the firemen pitched in to help battle the blaze. Before the pumps were invented, people formed bucket brigades to fight fires. Standing side by side, they formed a human chain from the fire to nearby well or river. They passed buckets of water from to hand to be poured on the flames. (Paragraph 3) Closing/concluding statement:The damage of the fire did depend a great deal on where it happened. In the country or a small village, only a single house might burn down. But in crowded cities, fire often destroyed whole blocks and neighbourhoods before being controlled.(Paragraph 4)Linguistic Structure:It focused on general statements : It usually causes great suffering and loss of a large sum of money. Use a linking word : If, however, the land is hard and rocky, heavy rain cannot be absorbed. Action verb : They bring destructive winds of high speed, torrents of rain, and flooding. Passive voice : ...,heavy rain cannot be absorbed. Noun phrases : When a building caught fire, the firemen pitched in to help battle the blaze. Technical terms : ...hurricanes or typhoons.

# data[].attributes.body
General Statement :
A natural disaster is a terrible accident, e.g. a great flood, a big fire or an earthquake. It usually causes great suffering and loss of a large sum of money. The casualties are injured or died. Some people are homeless and need medical care. (Paragraph 1)

Sequenced of Explanation :
Floods occur when the water of rivers, lakes, or streams overflow their banks and pour onto the surrounding land. Floods are caused by many different things. Often heavy rainstorms that last for a brief can cause a flood. But not all heavy storms are followed by flooding. If the surrounding land is flat and can absorb the water, no flooding will occur. If, however, the land is hard and rocky, heavy rain cannot be absorbed. Where the banks are low, a river may overflow and flood adjacent lowland.
(Paragraph 2)

In many parts of the world flood are caused by tropical storms called hurricanes or typhoons. They bring destructive winds of high speed, torrents of rain, and flooding. When a flood occurs, the destruction to surrounding land can be severe. Whole villages and towns are sometimes swept away by water pouring swiftly over the land. Railroad track blocked and uprooted from their beds. Highways are washed away. When a building caught fire, the firemen pitched in to help battle the blaze. Before the pumps were invented, people formed bucket brigades to fight fires. Standing side by side, they formed a human chain from the fire to nearby well or river. They passed buckets of water from to hand to be poured on the flames. (Paragraph 3)

Closing/concluding statement:
The damage of the fire did depend a great deal on where it happened. In the country or a small village, only a single house might burn down. But in crowded cities, fire often destroyed whole blocks and neighbourhoods before being controlled.
(Paragraph 4)

Linguistic Structure:
It focused on general statements : It usually causes great suffering and loss of a large sum of money.
Use a linking word : If, however, the land is hard and rocky, heavy rain cannot be absorbed.
Action verb : They bring destructive winds of high speed, torrents of rain, and flooding.
Passive voice : ...,heavy rain cannot be absorbed.
Noun phrases : When a building caught fire, the firemen pitched in to help battle the blaze.
Technical terms : ...hurricanes or typhoons.

# data[].attributes.body
A. General Statement :

Acid rain is rain that is highly acidic because of sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, and other air pollutants dissolved in it. Normal rain is slightly acidic, with a pH of 6. Acid rain may have a pH value as low as 2.8.

B. Sequenced Explanation :

Acid rain can severely damage both plant and animal life. Certain lakes, for example, have lost all fish and plant life because of acid rain. Acid rain comes from sulfur in coal and oil. When they burn, they make sulfur dioxide (SO2 ). Most sulfur leaves factory chimneys as the gaseous sulfur dioxide (SO2 ) and most nitrogen are also emitted as one of the nitrogen oxides (NO or NO2 ), both of which are gasses. The gasses may be dry deposited– absorbed directly by the land, by lakes or by the surface vegetation. If they are in the atmosphere for anytime, the gasses will oxidize (gain an oxygen atom) and go into solution as acids. Sulphuric acid (H2 SO4 ) and the nitrogen oxides will become nitric acid (HNO3). The acids usually dissolve in cloud droplets and may travel great distances before being precipitated as acid rain.
Catalysts such as hydrogen peroxide, ozone, and ammonium help promote the formation of acids in clouds. More ammonium (NH4 ) can be formed when some of the acids are partially neutralized by airborne ammonia (NH3 ). Acidification increases with the number of active hydrogen (H+) ions dissolved in acid. Hydrocarbons emitted by, for example, car exhausts will react in sunlight with nitrogen oxides to produce ozone.

C. Closing :
Although it is invaluable in the atmosphere, low-level ozone causes respiratory problems and also hastens the formation of acid rain. When acid rain falls on the ground it dissolves and liberates heavy metals and aluminum (Al). When it is washed into lakes, aluminum irritates the outer surfaces of many fish. As acid rain falls or drains into the lake the pH of the lake falls. Forests suffer the effect of acid rain through damage to leaves, through the loss of vital nutrients, and through the increased amounts of toxic metals liberated by acid, which damage roots and soil microorganisms.

D. Language

a) Technical Terms
- sulfur oxides
- nitrogen oxides (NO or NO2)
- sulphuric acid (H2SO4)
- sulfur dioxide (SO2)
- oxygen
- atom
- Nitric Acid (HNO3)
- Hydrogen (H+)
- Ammonium (NH4)
- Airborne Ammonium (NH3)
- Atmosphere
- Microorganisme
b) Noun Phrases
- low-level ozone
- acid rain.
- severely damage
c) Passive Voice
- dissolved
- emitted
- deposited
- absorbed
- precipitated
- increased
d) Action Verbs
- burn
- dissolve
- travel
- distances
- promote
- exhausts
- react
- falls
e) Simple Present Tense
- is
- can  be

# data[].attributes.body
General statement:
A natural disaster is a terrible accident, e.g. a great flood, a big fire or an earthquake. It usually causes great suffering and loss of a large sum of money. The casualties are injured or died. Some people are homeless and need medical care.

Sequenced of Explanation:
Floods occur when the water of rivers, lakes, or streams overflow their banks and pour onto the surrounding land. Floods are caused by many different things. Often heavy rainstorms that last for a brief can cause a flood. But not all heavy storms are followed by flooding. If the surrounding land is flat and can absorb the water, no flooding will occur. If, however, the land is hard and rocky, heavy rain cannot be absorbed. Where the banks are low, a river may overflow and flood adjacent lowland.
In many parts of the world flood are caused by tropical storms called hurricanes or typhoons. They bring destructive winds of high speed, torrents of rain, and flooding. When a flood occurs, the destruction to surrounding land can be severe. Whole villages and towns are sometimes swept away by water pouring swiftly over the land. Railroad track blocked and uprooted from their beds. Highways are washed away. When a building caught fire, the firemen pitched in to help battle the blaze. Before the pumps were invented, people formed bucket brigades to fight fires. Standing side by side, they formed a human chain from the fire to nearby well or river. They passed buckets of water from to hand to be poured on the flames.

Closing / Concluding Statement:
The damage of the fire did depend a great deal on where it happened. In the country or a small village, only a single house might burn down. But in crowded cities, fire often destroyed whole blocks and neighbourhoods before being controlled.

Linguistic Features:
It racuses on general : a. A natural disaster is a terrible accident.
b. It usually causes great suffering and loss of a large sum of money.
Use a linking word : if, however, the land is hard & rocky, heavy rain cannot be absorbed
Action verb : They bring destructive winds of high speed, torrents of rain, and flooding.
Passive voices : heavy rain cannot be absorbed
Noun phrases : when a building caught fire
Technical terms & language relevant the subject : floods, Hurricanes, typhoons.

# data[].attributes.body
General statement: A natural disaster is a terrible accident, e.g. a great flood, a big fire or an earthquake. It usually causes great suffering and loss of a large sum of money. The casualties are injured or died. Some people are homeless and need medical care. (paragraph 1)

Sequenced of Explanation: Floods occur when the water of rivers, lakes, or streams overflow their banks and pour onto the surrounding land. Floods are caused by many different things. Often heavy rainstorms that last for a brief can cause a flood. But not all heavy storms are followed by flooding. If the surrounding land is flat and can absorb the water, no flooding will occur. If, however, the land is hard and rocky, heavy rain cannot be absorbed. Where the banks are low, a river may overflow and flood adjacent lowland.

In many parts of the world flood are caused by tropical storms called hurricanes or typhoons. They bring destructive winds of high speed, torrents of rain, and flooding. When a flood occurs, the destruction to surrounding land can be severe. Whole villages and towns are sometimes swept away by water pouring swiftly over the land. Railroad track blocked and uprooted from their beds. Highways are washed away. When a building caught fire, the firemen pitched in to help battle the blaze. Before the pumps were invented, people formed bucket brigades to fight fires. Standing side by side, they formed a human chain from the fire to nearby well or river. They passed buckets of water from to hand to be poured on the flames. (Paragraph 2 & 3)

Closing / Concluding Statement: The damage of the fire did depend a great deal on where it happened. In the country or a small village, only a single house might burn down. But in crowded cities, fire often destroyed whole blocks and neighbourhoods before being controlled. (Paragraph 4)

Linguistic Features:
It racuses on general : a. A natural disaster is a terrible accident.
b. It usually causes great suffering and loss of a large sum of money.
Use a linking word : if, however, the land is hard & rocky, heavy rain cannot be absorbed
Action verb : They bring destructive winds of high speed, torrents of rain, and flooding.
Passive voices : heavy rain cannot be absorbed
Noun phrases : when a building caught fire
Technical terms & language relevant the subject : floods, Hurricanes, typhoons.