# data[].attributes.body
22 pros and cons about animal testing

# data[].attributes.body
Pros & Cons of Animal Testing - Sciencing

# data[].attributes.body
Pros & Cons of Animal Testing - Sciencing

# data[].attributes.body
Pros & Cons of Animal Testing - Sciencing

# data[].attributes.body
Pros & Cons of Animal Testing - Sciencing

# data[].attributes.body
Pros & Cons of Animal Testing - Sciencing

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
24 B. C. Envtl. Aff. L. Rev. 795 (1996-1997)
Should Animals Have Standing: A Review of Standing under the Animal Welfare Act

HeinOnline is a subscription-based resource containing nearly 3,000 academic and legal journals from inception; complete coverage of government documents such as U.S. Statutes at Large, U.S. Code, Federal Register, Code of Federal Regulations, U.S. Reports, and much more. Documents are image-based, fully searchable PDFs with the authority of print combined with the accessibility of a user-friendly and powerful database. For more information, request a quote or trial for your organization below.

Short-term subscription options include 24 hours, 48 hours, or 1 week to HeinOnline with pricing starting as low as $29.95

Contact us for annual subscription options:

Already a HeinOnline Subscriber?

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.keywords[]
should animals have standing? a review of
standing under the animal welfare act
joseph mendelson

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.keywords[]
congress passed the animal welfare act (awa)
to combat the growing problems of pets stolen for use in medical
research and abusive animal research practices.' the awa has been
amended several times since its passage in 1966 which has resulted
in considerable expansion of the statute's original purpose and scope.2
currently

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.keywords[]
the awa governs not only federal animal research facili-
ties but also numerous activities involving the treatment of animals.
the act also defines and regulates parties directly involved with
handling animals including pet dealers

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.keywords[]
and federal
medical research grant recipients.3
despite the expanding reach of the awa's regulatory regime

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.keywords[]
there
is general consensus that the statute has failed to fulfill its potential
in fostering the humane treatment of animals.4 the awa's relative
* director of legal affairs for the international center for technology assessment (cta)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.keywords[]
a
non-profit organization devoted to exploring the economic

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.keywords[]
and
social impacts that can result from the application of technology or technological systems. he
received his b.a. from colgate university in 1988 and is a 1991 graduate of the george
washington university law school.
1 animal welfare act

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.keywords[]
84 stat. 1560 (1970); animal welfare
act amendments of 1976

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.keywords[]
the inadequate protection of animals against cruel animal hus-
bandry practices under united states law

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.keywords[]
creating a private cause of action against abusive animal research

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Should Animals Have Standing: A Review of Standing under the Animal Welfare Act 24 Boston College Environmental Affairs Law Review 1996-1997

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
24 B. C. Envtl. Aff. L. Rev. 795 (1996-1997) Should Animals Have Standing: A Review of Standing under the Animal Welfare Act HeinOnline is a subscription-based resource containing nearly 3,000 academic and legal journals from inception; complete coverage of government documents such as U.S. Statutes at Large, U.S.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Animal Testing | Pros & Cons | ProCon.org

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Proponents say animal testing contributes to life-saving cures and treatments. Opponents say animal testing is cruel and inhumane.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Are you interested in having a neuroscientist who is an expert in animal experimentation present to your class? Fill out the form at the bottom of our Request a Speaker page and weâ€™ll be in touch about scheduling a virtual presentation to your class from Dr. Katherine Roe, the chief of the Science Advancement & Outreach division at PETA. Her presentations are favorites among teachers because of her vast knowledge in the field of animal experimentation. Sheâ€™s available to present to all grade levels.
A hot topic in classrooms and on the minds of the public is the use of animals in experiments. Almost every classroom debate unit or school debate team's topics include the question of whether or not it's justifiable for humans to test on animals. Here at PETA, our core belief is that animals are not ours to use. We know that many schools assign debates on topical issues to help their students learn to speak and write persuasively, develop research skills, and recognize multiple sides of a controversial or multifaceted issueâ€"and experimenting on animals is certainly one such topic. This student debate kit lists a variety of resources that can be shared with students to support the argument that animals shouldn't be used in experiments.

Resolved: Animal testing is ineffective, unethical, and wasteful and should be replaced with non-animal methods.

Affirmative Argument

Millions of mice, rats, rabbits, primates, cats, dogs, and other animals are locked inside barren cages in laboratories across the country to be used in experiments. They languish in pain, suffer from extreme frustration, ache with loneliness, and long to be free. Instead, all they can do is sit and wait in fear for the next terrifying and painful procedure that will be performed on them. The lack of environmental enrichment and the stress of their living situation cause some animals to develop neurotic types of behavior, such as incessantly spinning in circles, rocking back and forth, pulling out their own fur, and even biting themselves. After enduring pain, loneliness, and terror, almost all of them are killed.

There are many non-animal research methods that can be used in place of animal testing. Not only are these non-animal tests more humane, they're also more relevant to humans and have the potential to be cheaper and faster.

Each of us can help prevent animal suffering and take a stand against vivisection by buying cruelty-free products, requesting alternatives to animal dissection at school, donating only to charities that don't experiment on animals, and demanding the immediate implementation of humane, effective non-animal tests by government agencies and corporations.

Become an 'Expert'

Use the following links to conduct research on general information about vivisection and prepare logical arguments:

Build Your Case

Use the following links to gather evidence and examples to support your position against experiments on animals:
Research Articles, Scholarly Articles, and Investigative Analysis Accounts and Statement From Vivisectors, Experts, and Patients Eyewitness Investigations, Whistleblower Reports, and Videos Evidence of the Wastefulness and Ineffectiveness of Vivisection

Finding the Solution

Use the following resources to help build a proposal suggesting solutions to issues that could allegedly arise if humans stopped experiments on animals:
Dissection-Specific Resources
Anticipate Counterarguments, and Prepare Rebuttals

Analyze websites that support vivisection to determine their stated reasons for justifying the use of animals in experiments. Investigate what benefits laboratories, universities, and experimenters gain by using animals in experiments, and think critically about their motivations. Also, examine which other entities benefit from using animals in experiments (e.g., breeders, governmental organizations, and scientists who study only captive animals). Create a list of typical statements made by parties who want vivisection to continue. Information included in the links in this document can be used to respond to counterarguments.

Additional Resources
Websites Photographs Books
*****

Have students use the curated content in this debate resource kit to prepare an affirmative argument stating why animals shouldn't be used for experimentation. These resources will assist students in supporting their position using scientific, ethical, and philosophical arguments.
Want free educational posters and stickers for students to use during their debates? E-mail us at [email protected]
Do your students need to conduct an interview as part of their research? Staff members from PETAâ€™s student sector are available to speak with students via phone, Skype, or e-mail and to answer questions about our stance on vivisection. Have students e-mail us directly at [email protected] â€"or if youâ€™d like to contact us on their behalf, please fill out the form below, and weâ€™ll arrange for them to speak with a representative.

All fields in bold are mandatory.

FormBuilder Form - 3356

By submitting this form, you are agreeing to our collection, storage, use, and disclosure of your personal info in accordance with our privacy policy as well as to receiving e-mails from us.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Debate Kit: Should Animals Be Used in Experiments? | PETA

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Are you interested in having a neuroscientist who is an expert in animal experimentation present to your class? Fill out the form at the bottom of our Request a Speaker page and weâ€™ll be in touch about scheduling a virtual presentation to your class from Dr. Katherine Roe, the chief of the Science Advancement & Outreach division at PETA.

# data[].attributes.body
Cori

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Animals, from the fruit fly to the mouse, are widely used in scientific research. They are crucial for allowing scientists to learn more about human biology and health, and for developing new medicines.

The use of animals in scientific research has long been the subject of heated debate. On the one hand it is considered morally wrong to use animals in this way solely for human benefit.

On the other hand, removing animals completely from the lab would impede our understanding of health and disease, and consequently affect the development of new and vital treatments. Although sometimes these studies do reduce the quality of life of these animals, thorough regulations are in place to ensure that they are carried out in a humane way.

To help minimise the harm animals may experience while being studied in the laboratory, researchers are required to follow a set of principles, the 'three Rs'. These are:

Replace: Replacing, where possible, experiments using animals with alternative techniques such as cell culture, computer modelling or human volunteers instead of animals.

Reduce: Reducing the number of animals used, by improving experimental techniques and sharing information with other researchers so that the same experiments aren't being done by many people.

Refine: Refining the way the animals are cared for to help minimise any stress or pain, by using less invasive techniques where possible and improving medical care and living conditions.

Below you can find many of the arguments being made for and against the use of animals in the laboratory, some you are probably already aware of and some you may not have thought about... what do you think?

Are animal models useful?

Scientists have been able to advance their knowledge of human and animal health and disease dramatically by studying model organisms.

Antibiotics, insulin, vaccines, organ transplantation and HIV treatment have all been developed with the help of experiments involving animals.

Research using animals has contributed to 70 per cent of Nobel Prizes for Physiology or Medicine.

Animals play a small but vital role in medical research that brings hope to many people with conditions such as cancer, heart failure and Alzheimer's disease.

Do the positives associated with using animal models outweigh the negatives?

The use of animals in research is essential for enabling researchers to develop new drugs and treatments.

The use of animals in the lab has dramatically improved scientists' understanding of human biology and health.

Animal models help ensure the effectiveness and safety of new treatments.

Alternative methods of research do not simulate humans and whole body systems in the same way and are not as reliable.

Are animal experiments necessary?

Some diseases, such as asthma and cystic fibrosis, involve very complex physiological processes that can only be studied in a whole, living animal. Until there is a cell that can be studied individually and can exhibit human-like responses, animals are necessary.

Legally, all drugs have to be tested on animals for safety before they can be used in humans.

Where there are reliable alternatives in scientific research, animals are not used. There must always be a very clear scientific reason for research on animals to be considered.

Through testing on animals we are able to ensure any risks of a drug are identified and minimised before it is tested on humans during clinical trials. This helps to reduce side effects and human fatalities.

There is no need to cause pain and suffering to animals when sophisticated computer systems, mathematical models, human tissue and cell cultures and more focused clinical studies can also show us what happens to our bodies during disease.

Is it ethical to use animals in research?

The UK has gone further than any other country to implement thorough ethical frameworks when it comes to animals in research. The Animals Act of 1986 ensures that any research using animals must be fully assessed in terms of any harm to the animals. This involves detailed examination of the procedures and the number and type of animals used.

The use of animals in research is never undertaken lightly. Researchers working with animals carry out their experiments with extreme care to eliminate or minimise suffering.

Whenever possible painkillers and anaesthetics are used to manage pain , in the same way it is when an animal visits a vet.

To stop animal research would also be unethical as it would dramatically affect the development of new knowledge and flow of treatments to those with health conditions who desperately need them.

The alternative to using animals in the lab would be to test new drugs in humans. It would be very difficult for researchers to find willing volunteers who would be able to provide informed consent to been involved in testing a new drug that hadn't first been tested on animals.

Far fewer animals are used in scientific research than are killed for humans to eat. It has been estimated that 2.5 billion animals are consumed in the UK each year. This is around 700 times more animals than the number used in scientific research.

Over 4 million animal procedures are currently carried out each year for UK biomedical research.

Animals feel pain and fear just as we do.

If we accept that animals have rights then if an experiment violates the rights of an animal, it is morally wrong and any possible benefits to humanity are completely irrelevant.

Certain harm versus potential harm. The harm done to human beings by not experimenting on animals is unknown, whereas the harm done to animals if they are tested on is certain.

Should the use of animals in research be a mandatory part of modern progressive science?

Which of these best describes your occupation?

how old are students / how old are you?

How has the site influenced you (or others)?

Thankyou, we value your feedback!

If you have any other comments or suggestions, please let us know at comment@yourgenome.org

Can you spare 5-8 minutes to tell us what you think of this website? Open survey

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Animals, from the fruit fly to the mouse, are widely used in scientific research. They are crucial for allowing scientists to learn more about human biology and health, and for developing new medicines. The use of animals in scientific research has long been the subject of heated debate.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
The star of China's Chongqing Zoo was the world's oldest panda in captivity. More than 150 of her descendants have lived in several countries.

Xin Xing with a "birthday cake" at the zoo in Chongqing, China, in August. She used to eat seven meals a day, zoo keepers said. Credit... Tang Yi/Xinhua, via Getty Images

HONG KONG - Xin Xing, a giant panda who grew to an age that shattered records, lived a life of great appetites.

Born in the wild in a sprawling panda sanctuary in China's Sichuan Province, she was transferred to the Chongqing Zoo in southwestern China when she was just a year old.

There, she became known for outpacing other pandas with her seemingly bottomless stomach - putting away 70 pounds of bamboo shoots, leaves and fruit daily.

She gained the distinction of becoming the world's oldest panda in captivity. And as the matriarch of 153 descendants who have lived around the globe, she was a potent symbol of China's panda diplomacy.

On Dec. 8, Xin Xing, whose name means "new star" in Mandarin, died at 38 (the equivalent of at least 110 in human years). The cause was multiple organ failures and other ailments that led to fatal infections in her respiratory and digestive tracts, the Chongqing Zoo said in a statement on Monday.

For a giant panda described by her longtime caretaker as bad-tempered and aggressive, Xin Xing achieved several feats in life.

Fewer than 30 pandas in captivity have lived beyond the age of 30. (Wild pandas have even shorter life spans - 14 to 20 years.) Xin Xing broke that barrier.

Giant pandas also have a low success rate with breeding in captivity. Females ovulate only once a year, in the spring, and can conceive for only around one to three days during this time. The window is small. Success is not certain.

But Xin Xing gave birth to at least 10 cubs, according to the Chinese news media, helping to spawn progeny that have lived in Canada, Taiwan and the United States.

There are 1,900 giant pandas in the wild, and 600 others are in zoos and breeding centers that seek to increase the population of the vulnerable species. China owns almost all the animals, including those born abroad to parents lent for a fee to foreign zoos.

At the Chongqing Zoo, Xin Xing lived a seemingly untroubled life, lounging in a bear-size pool in the summer and eating seven meals a day.

Her caretaker of 28 years, Zhang Naicheng, told China Daily in August, "When she was younger, she ate faster and much more than other pandas."

The panda was also prone to temper tantrums when she was young, he told the China News Service in 2018. "Xin Xing was pretty hotheaded back then," he said. "Among the pandas, she was a pretty fierce one. Now that she's old, she's become more docile and less easily provoked."

For her 38th birthday, in August, zoo keepers presented her with a large ice cube piled high with watermelon slices, apple wedges and bamboo leaf garnishes. Children sang to her from a distance.

Xin Xing celebrated the Chinese lunar New Year with four wobbly-footed cubs, including two great-granddaughters, Xi Xi and Qing Qing, at the Chongqing Zoo.

Xin Xing's parents could not be identified, and her male companion, Chuan Chuan, died in 2010. Her survivors, too many to name, include a son, Le Le, in the Memphis Zoo; a grandson, Tuan Tuan, in the Taipei Zoo; a granddaughter, Er Shun, who was recently returned to China from the Calgary Zoo; and her great-grand cubs Jia Panpan, Jia Yueyue, Yuan Zai and Yuan Bao.

As Xin Xing grew older and her temperament softened, her attachment to her caretakers grew stronger, the zoo said. In her final years, Mr. Zhang moved to a room 20 yards from her enclosure to watch over her at night. To spare her aging teeth, he pared down bamboo shoots, feeding her the shucked stems and tender leaves.

"She is like a family member to me," he told the local news media, adding, "I will take care of her for the rest of her days."

In the past two months, the giant panda began losing her voracious appetite.

Her gait grew unsteady.

She developed difficulties breathing and a persistent cough.

In the end, the nation's top panda experts could not save her, the zoo said.

On Monday, as news of her death spread, a video tribute from a retired Chongqing zookeeper, Huang Jianying, began circulating on Chinese social media. In the video, which appeared to have been filmed during a visit to the zoo this year, she reminisced about her time with Xin Xing.

"Before, you asked me for apples," Ms. Huang says. "I don't have the chance to feed you anymore, but I still brought you one."

As for Mr. Zhang, her longtime caretaker, he had one wish for the giant panda with the huge appetite and globe-trotting descendants: "I hope Xin Xing can live longer," he mused, "until she is 40 years old."

Amy Chang Chien contributed reporting from Taipei, Taiwan.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Xin Xing, Giant Panda With Progeny Around the Globe, Dies at 38

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The star of China's Chongqing Zoo was the world's oldest panda in captivity. More than 150 of her descendants have lived in several countries. HONG KONG - Xin Xing, a giant panda who grew to an age that shattered records, lived a life of great appetites.

# data[].attributes.body
Code 9F46AN
Sign in with Google

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Instructional videos & more for all core content subjects (school access only)

Biographies, Mythology, American History, Science, Countries & Cultures, & general encyclopedia

Current events, the arts, science, health, people, government, history, sports & more

MLA citations and e-notecards

Opinions, primary sources, videos, news, & more on today's most pressing issues

Download the free app to read & listen on your preferred device! Use your EPSD log-in.

Library card needed for home access; Consumer Health Complete & more

News articles, videos, primary sources, & info for all core content areas

News articles, videos, primary sources, & encyclopedia entries for all scientific fields

Videos & e-books on people, places, nature, history, and science with read-aloud options

Wonderful for all research topics; great starting point

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
BookFlix (via POWER Library) Fiction & nonfiction e-book pairings, with read-aloud & Spanish options BrainPop Instructional videos & more for all core content subjects (school access only) FactCite Biographies, Mythology, American History, Science, Countries & Cultures, & general encyclopedia Gale

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
About Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints

Find overviews, news, and opinions on hundreds of today's important social issues.

Don't know how to login?

Depending on this location's preferences, the log-in process could include your library card number, a student or user ID, or another provided password. If you don't know how to log in, please contact your library or school directly.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
About Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints Find overviews, news, and opinions on hundreds of today's important social issues. Don't know how to login? Depending on this location's preferences, the log-in process could include your library card number, a student or user ID, or another provided password.

# data[].attributes.headline
Background info: FactCite, Science in Context, World Book

# data[].attributes.subject
Background info: FactCite, Science in Context, World Book

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Instructional videos & more for all core content subjects (school access only)

Biographies, Mythology, American History, Science, Countries & Cultures, & general encyclopedia

Current events, the arts, science, health, people, government, history, sports & more

MLA citations and e-notecards

Opinions, primary sources, videos, news, & more on today's most pressing issues

Download the free app to read & listen on your preferred device! Use your EPSD log-in.

Library card needed for home access; Consumer Health Complete & more

News articles, videos, primary sources, & info for all core content areas

News articles, videos, primary sources, & encyclopedia entries for all scientific fields

Videos & e-books on people, places, nature, history, and science with read-aloud options

Wonderful for all research topics; great starting point

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
BookFlix (via POWER Library) Fiction & nonfiction e-book pairings, with read-aloud & Spanish options BrainPop Instructional videos & more for all core content subjects (school access only) FactCite Biographies, Mythology, American History, Science, Countries & Cultures, & general encyclopedia Gale