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Taylor Crocker, as reporter. Sarahphina as Rosa Parks

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The Montgomery Bus Boycott was a civil-rights protest that lasted from December 5th, 1955 until December 20, 1956. Four days prior, Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to yield her seat to a white man. This incident sparked the planning of the boycott. In this boycott, African Americans refused to use the bus system and instead used carpools organized by black leaders and used the city's taxis, in which African American taxi drivers charged only 10 cents to African American riders, or simply walked to their destinations. Also Martin Luther King Jr. emerged for leading the boycott.

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was an African American women born on February 4th 1913, in Tuskegee, Alabama. She is widely known for refusing to give up her bus seat and was arrested and fined $10 plus $4 in court fees. Her action was the spark of the Montgomery Bus Boycott and the American Civil Rights movement of the 20th century.

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Start: December 5th, 1955; Four days before, Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat to a white man and was arrested and fined for her action. This led to E.D. Nixon to bail her out of jail and plan the bus boycott to protest. The boycott was led by Martin Luther King Jr. who was able to have about 40,000 African American bus riders to boycott the bus system the day the boycott started.
June 5th, 1956; a Montgomery federal court ruled that any law requiring racially segregated seating on buses violated the 14th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution.
December 20, 1956; The city appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court, which upheld the lower court's decision.
End: December 21, 1956; Montgomery's buses were integrated and the boycott ended.

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was an African American Baptist minister and activist born on January 15, 1929 in Atlanta, Georgia. He is known for becoming the most visible spokesperson and leader in the civil rights movement. Luther was able to emerged as a prominent after leading the Montgomery Bus Boycott.

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What Amendments of the Constitution are being violated?

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What Amendments of the Constitution are being violated?

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It violated the 14th Amendment which granted citizens, regardless of race, equal rights and equal protection under state & federal laws.

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This political cartoon shows Rosa Parks and a police officer on a bus. Instead of “Police” written on the back of the officers shirt it has “Racism”. The office is saying “I told you to move to the back of the bus” and in the corner of the cartoon it has a side note saying “There are times when ‘no’ is the most eloquent word…” That represents the spark of Rosa Parks “no” against the law. Her simple “no” sent people on a new page for equality.

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Nonviolence
Rosa Parks refused to sit at  the back of the bus, no physical conflict or attention was involved by Rosa.

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Court Case(s) and Legislation Influenced

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Court Case(s) and Legislation Influenced

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Rosa Parks was arrested on December 1, 1955, but she was eventually bailed out 24hrs after the accident.
It was a 3 month protest that ended with the Supreme Court ruling the segregation on public buses was unconstitutional.

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Influence on Other Groups/ Organizations

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Influence on Other Groups/ Organizations

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December 5, 1955, the Women’s Political Council (WPC), a group of African American women, circulated flyers calling for boycotts on the bus system. *This was the day Rosa Parks would be tried in municipal court.
About 40,000 African-American bus riders boycotted the system. That afternoon, black leaders met to form the Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA). The group elected Martin Luther King, Jr. as its president, and decided to continue the boycott until the city met its demands.
A group of five Montgomery women, represented by attorney Fred D. Gray and the NAACP, sued the city in U.S. District Court, seeking to have the busing segregation laws totally invalidated.