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Welcome to the world of Science and Technology!🔬📊💻
Do you want to learn more about the latest discoveries and innovations? Then come in and make yourself at home.

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Read the text to learn about the scientific method:

Every year in the spring, large numbers of frogs appear in the mud near the river Nile. They aren't there in dry weather, so in the past ancient Egyptians used to believe that in the mud produced the frogs. The problem is they didn't test their belief scientifically.

The first step in the scientific method is to observe the world around you. For example, Newton noticed that an apple fell down, not up. The Egyptians did this a part alright; they observed the frogs.

Step two is to ask yourself a question based on your observations. 'Why does the apple go down?' 'Where do the frogs come from?' And then think of a hypothesis: a possible answer. Objects are pulled to the ground by an invisible force. "Mud produces frogs'. The Egyptians did this too.

But it isn't enough just to think of an answer to a question and believe it's true. You have to discover some evidence that confirms your hypothesis. So, the next step in the scientific method is to test your ideas with experiments and more observations. Galileo believed that two objects with different masses would fall at the same rate. So, the story goes, he carried out an experiment. He dropped a heavy ball and a light ball from the Leaning Tower of Pisa is and confirmed his belief. The Egyptians never did any experiments on their mud-frog hypothesis, so they never found out it was false.

If you do an experiment only once you may make a mistake. So repeat your experiment to make sure you get the same results, and analyse your findings statistically to check they're significant. Then make any necessary changes to your hypothesis and conduct more experiments. Carefully record everything you do so other scientists can duplicate your work and check your conclusions.

A hypothesis with lots of experimental evidence becomes a theory. A theory which has been confirmed many times is a scientific law. The great thing about hypotheses, theories and laws is that you can use them to make predictions. The law of gravity predicts that astronauts should float in space. And they do.

Chemists and physicists, geologists and biologists, researchers in every laboratory in every field of research use the scientific method. They don't accept untested observations. So they don't believe that mud produces frogs.

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Read the text to learn the new vocabulary:

Look at th picture at the bottom. It illustrates the work of a chemist. The chemist's duty is to observe (notice or perceive (something) and register it as being significant) how different substances react to each other. If the chemist is lucky enough he or she can discover (to find, to explore, to learn) a new chemical element. In order to find a new chemical element the chemist may carry out an experiment (The word experiment [ɪksˈpɛrɪmɛnt] sounds very much like one Russian word. Can you guess which one?).
However, the statement won't be enough, the chemist should provide some evidence (compare to "The police have found no evidence of the terrorist's link with the murder") to confirm (the antonym of the word "to deny") his or her discovery.

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Study the rules:

When we talk about science and technology we often mention some general truths and facts, for example, Water boils at 100 degrees Celcius. The verb tense used here is called Present Simple.

Present Simple may also be used when we talk about:
- current habits
He carries out experiments every weekend.

- how often things happen
They never talk about the significance of their discoveries.

- permanent situations
Do you research at the RAS?

- states
Are you satisfied with the progress in that field?

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Learn about the most common biology prefixes so you can easily understand scientific words!

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Have you ever heard of pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis? This is an actual word, but don't let that scare you. Some science terms can be difficult to comprehend: By identifying the affixes -- elements added before and after base words -- you can understand even the most complex terms. This index will help you identify some commonly used prefixes and suffixes in biology.

Common Prefixes

(Ana-): indicates upward direction, synthesis or buildup, repetition, excess or separation.

(Angio-): signifies a type of receptacles such as a vessel or shell.

(Arthr- or Arthro-): refers to a joint or a junction that separates different parts.

(Auto-): identifies something as belonging to oneself, occurring within or occurring spontaneously.

(Blast- , -blast): indicates an immature developmental stage.

(Cephal- or Cephalo-): referring to the head.

(Chrom- or Chromo-): denotes color or pigmentation.

(Cyto- or Cyte-): regarding or relating to a cell.

(Dactyl-, -dactyl): refers to a digit or tactile appendages such as a finger or toe.

(Diplo-): means double, paired or twofold.

(Ect- or Ecto-): means outer or external.

(End- or Endo-): means inner or internal.

(Epi-): indicates a position that is above, on or near a surface.

(Erythr- or Erythro-): means red or reddish in color.

(Ex- or Exo-): means external, out of or away from.

(Eu-): means genuine, true, well or good.

(Gam-, Gamo or -gamy): refers to fertilization, sexual reproduction or marriage.

(Glyco- or Gluco-): pertains to a sugar or a sugar derivative.

(Haplo-): means single or simple.

(Hem-, Hemo- or Hemato-): denoting blood or blood components (plasma and blood cells).

(Heter- or Hetero-): means unlike, different or other.

(Karyo- or Caryo-): means nut or kernel, and also refers to the nucleus of a cell.

(Meso-): means middle or intermediate.

(My- or Myo-): means muscle.

(Neur- or Neuro-): referring to nerves or the nervous system.

(Peri-): means surrounding, near or around.

(Phag- or Phago-): pertaining to eating, swallowing or consuming.

(Poly-): means many or excessive.

(Proto-): means primary or primitive.

(Staphyl- or Staphylo-): referring to a cluster or bunch.

(Tel- or Telo-): denoting an end, extremity or final phase.

(Zo- or Zoo-): pertaining an animal or animal life.

Common Suffixes

(-ase): denoting an enzyme. In enzyme naming, this suffix is added to the end of the substrate name.

(-derm or -dermis): referring to tissue or skin.

(-ectomy or -stomy): pertaining to the act of cutting out or the surgical removal of tissue.

(-emia or -aemia): referring to a condition of the blood or the presence of a substance in the blood.

(-genic): means giving rise to, producing or forming.

(-itis): denoting inflammation, commonly of a tissue or organ.

(-kinesis or -kinesia): indicating activity or movement.

(-lysis): referring to degradation, decomposition, bursting or releasing.

(-oma): indicating an abnormal growth or tumor.

(-osis or -otic): indicating a disease or abnormal production of a substance.

(-otomy or -tomy): denoting an incision or surgical cut.

(-penia): pertaining to a deficiency or lack.

(-phage or -phagia): the act of eating or consuming.

(-phile or -philic): having an affinity for or strong attraction to something specific.

(-plasm or -plasmo): referring to tissue or a living substance.

(-scope): denoting an instrument used for observation or examination.

(-stasis): indicating the maintenance of a constant state.

(-troph or -trophy): pertaining to nourishment or a method of nutrient acquisition.

Other Tips

While knowing suffixes and prefixes will tell you much about biological terms, it's helpful to know a few other tricks for deciphering their meanings, including:

Breaking down words - Breaking down biological terms into their component parts can help you decipher their meanings.

Dissections - Just as you might dissect a frog "to separate (it) into pieces," as Merriam-Webster explains, you can also break down a biological term to "expose" its "several parts for scientific examination."

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Can You Speak Biology? Learn Common Prefixes and Suffixes

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Have you ever heard of pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis? This is an actual word, but don't let that scare you. Some science terms can be difficult to comprehend: By identifying the affixes -- elements added before and after base words -- you can understand even the most complex terms. This index will help you identify some commonly used prefixes and suffixes in biology.

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Do you like gadgets? What is the latest one you've heard about? Read the article and learn about the gadgets that will change our lives once they're released.

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From talking forks and smart clothes - the future of technology as seen through the eyes MIT Media Lab scientist David Rose is about making the computer personal.

Decades after their invention, computers look roughly the same. Though they're smaller and more portable, we still click, type and stare at flat screens.

But not for long, Rose argues in his new book, "Enchanted Objects: Design, Human Desire and the Internet of Things" (Scribner), which supplies his own research to argue that people desire direct interaction with technology.

"Screens fall short because they don't improve our relationship with computing," he writes. "The devices are passive, without personality. The machine sits on idle waiting for your orders."

Rose believes that we really want magical objects straight out of the Harry Potter universe: "flying carpets, talking mirrors, protective cloaks, animated brooms."

But in the meantime, we'll have to settle for talking garbage cans and weather-forecasting umbrellas - both of which (plus eight others listed here) are already at least in prototype phases, if not already on the consumer market:

1. The umbrella that forecasts the weather

A piece of furniture that speaks to us - that's the definition of Rose's vision for the future with enchanted objects. The Ambient umbrella communicates with its owner through a series of patterned blue lights that indicate if the forecast calls for rain.

Armed with your ZIP code, a wireless receiver at the handle of the umbrella connects to AccuWeather and then glows and pulses a gentle blue light if the weather looks frightful. This battery-powered umbrella is on the market - but it's a lot more than the cheap $3 model on every street corner. This one will run you $125.

2. The home that transforms at your command

Two-hundred square feet seems impossibly small, even by New York standards - but a new MIT-designed micro-apartment called CityHome that can transform a 15-by-15 space into an exercise area, lounge, study, kitchen, and sleeping area, hopes to change all that.

The apartment is controlled by wall-mounted devices that resemble a clock. Just pick a time of day and the room morphs into the space you want. For example: "Once out of bed, his room moves into exercise mode: The bed lifts away into the ceiling, the floor space clears, and a full-wall, live video projection of a yoga studio starts.

"When he wants to study, a desk descends from the ceiling, the lights brighten and the drapes close. If he has friends coming over, the space clears out for chairs and a cocktail table. At night, the bed emerges."

Though not currently on the market, CityHome is currently seeking funding and hopes to enter the market soon, according to its website.

3.The trash can that orders groceries

Another prototype developed by Rose and colleagues, this piece of "ambient furniture" makes for some magical garbage. The Amazon Trash can has a tiny camera and a bar code scanner that records everything you throw away - from household cleaning supplies to milk cartons - and sends the information to Amazon.com, where it is immediately reordered and shipped to you. No more grocery lists.

A second prototype that is being developed comments on your eating habits and grocery picks with choice statements like: "Third box of Oreos this week?" or "Microbrew, all right!" or "Blueberry juice, loaded with antioxidants."

4. Know when someone is looking at your picture

An example of "reciprocal presence," the LumiTouch picture frame enables the feeling of closeness, even for those continents apart. Inspired by long-distance relationships, it comes with two linked frames. When one person is near the frame, the background light of the corresponding frame glows. When one user touches the frame, it lights up in the area where the other user touched it. The color shifts in response to how hard and how long you grip the frame.

A similar product is the Like-a-Hug jacket, developed by MIT's Melissa Chow. This puffy vest inflates every time someone "likes" us on Facebook - whether we post a picture of our babies, a status update about the food we're currently eating or a political rant.

This, the designer says, allows us "to feel the warmth, encouragement, support or love that we feel when we receive hugs."

The Like-A-Hug jacket is not for sale - but Rose envisions other examples of this haptic, or touch-based, technology might one day be: a phone that gets heavier as your voice-mail messages pile up, a shoe that nudges your feet to walk in a specific direction or a wallet that gets harder to open once you approach a spending limit.

5. A bike that pedals for you

The Copenhagen Wheel, announced at the 2009 Copenhagen Conference on Climate Change and initially developed in an MIT lab as a research project, contains a motor that transforms a normal bike into a hybrid electric vehicle. The device consists of a motor and battery pack that snaps onto the back of the bike. As you pedal, the wheel captures excess energy when going downhill or braking and then helps propel you up steeper inclines or harder terrains.

The wheel can also connect to the Internet, using it to record speed and distance traveled, find friends throughout the city, inspect air quality and even notify you if the bike starts to move when you're not in the seat. In the mood to use up more calories? Using your smartphone, you can also vary the level of powered assist.

This reinvented wheel, listed for $799, is available for pre-order and will be out by the end of this year.

6. The camera that records your entire life

The slogan - "A new kind of photographic memory" - says it all. This pedometer-size camera called the Narrative Clip attaches to a jacket or shirt or on a necklace and records high-resolution geo-tagged images every 30 seconds without prompting. You can now track every moment of your day.

"Imagine what you'll learn, what you'll remember," Rose writes. "Who was that guy I met at the airport in Singapore? What was that delicious dish we shared sometime around September of 2013? If you record long enough, you will end up with a visual record of (the rest of) your life."

But constant self-monitoring comes at a cost. The Narrative Clip comes with a subscription service - and at $279 per year, you'd better be making some worthwhile memories.

7. The onesie that monitors your baby

High-tech helicopter parent, this one's for you.

The Mimo Baby Shirt measures infant respiration, skin temperature, body position, sleep patterns and activity levels. The organic (of course) cotton onesie is fitted with machine-washable sensors that can be monitored in real time through your home's Wi-Fi network. It also includes a microphone, so that you can stream your baby's sound to your smartphone, and the accompanying app allows you to crunch analytics about your baby's sleep patterns.

Originally marketed to medical device development companies, they had a direct-to-consumer eureka moment when parents began contacting them to use their sensors, and, according to their website, they "haven't looked back since."

For $299 - a package that includes three onesies that come in only one size for infants up to 3 months - you can pick up one of these at your local Babies "R" Us.

8. A coffee table that eavesdrops

Imagine sitting with a friend over coffee and telling her about your recent trip to Italy. Voila! Pictures of the trip suddenly emerge under your mugs. When you mention the delicious gelato you tasted near the Pantheon, the corresponding picture flashes on the table as you speak.

Billed as an "instant photo album," the Facebook Coffee Table uses real-time speech analysis to pick up keywords from your conversation to pull up relevant Facebook feed photos.

Rose is currently fine-tuning the design for a major hotel chain to function as a self-service concierge. The hotel table will feature nearby events, restaurant suggestions and displays about traffic and weather.

9. The house that tracks your kids

The "telepathic" Google Latitude Doorbell, another product developed by Rose and colleagues, lets you know where your family members are and when they are approaching home. The data about each family member's whereabouts comes from Google Latitude - transmitted from a smart device - but is communicated only as ambient doorbell chimes, a unique one for each person.

This has a pretty adorable origin story. Rose came up with the idea by merging the sound effects in "Peter and the Wolf" (a song for each character) and the Harry Potter series' Weasley family clock, a magical device that keeps tabs on each child.

10. The fork that helps you lose weight

Introduced at the Consumer Electronics Show in 2013, Hapifork made the jump from MIT research project to consumer household item in an impressively short amount of time. Perhaps it's because we all want to lose weight - but we want someone or something else to do the hard work for us.

The chunky, $100 fork, which comes in five colors, alerts you with a gentle vibration when you are eating too quickly. It also measures, using the tines of the fork, how long it took to eat your meal, the amount of "fork servings" taken per minute, and the time between servings. All this information is uploaded - more self-monitoring data - for your own enjoyment or horror, depending on how you eat.

Rose says this is an impressive start, but within the next five years, he anticipates something more draconian: "Imagine an actual tooth replacement that responds to chewing action and is able to sense texture, temperature and chemical content of food and drink," Rose writes. "In dire circumstances, it magnetically clamps onto the tooth above so you cannot continue to eat."

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The future is now: The 10 gadgets that will change your life

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From talking forks and smart clothes - the future of technology as seen through the eyes MIT Media Lab scientist David Rose is about making the computer personal. Decades after their invention, computers look roughly the same. Though they're smaller and more portable, we still click, type and stare at flat screens.

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What do you know about the history of science in the UK? Read to learn more.

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The empire of man over things

We may trace the birth of the so-called 'scientific revolution' in Britain to the activities of three influential figures, all of whom flourished around the year 1600, and all of whom belonged to an exclusive inner circle of advisers to the royal family of the day, Elizabeth I, James I, and above all James's eldest son Prince Henry (who died in adolescence).

Sir Francis Bacon (1561-1626), often called the 'Father' of modern science, made no major scientific discoveries himself, but wrote extensively on empirical scientific method - the procedures by which experimentalists could arrive at general laws governing the natural world. He served as Lord Chancellor under James I, but was disgraced in 1621 for accepting bribes from clients, and retired to his estate, where he published his major work, the Novum Organum (1623). In this he expressed the classic view that only by following the laws of nature could man triumph over his environment: 'The empire of man over things depends wholly on the arts and sciences. For we cannot command nature except by obeying her.'

It is to Bacon that we owe the strong strand of pragmatism in 17th-century British science. Western scientific progress, he argued, was built upon a foundation of three key technological discoveries, which had changed man's ability to control the natural world. These three were printing, gunpowder, and the magnet. 'For these three have changed the whole face and state of things throughout the world, insomuch that no empire, no sect, no star seems to have exerted greater power and influence in human affairs than these mechanical discoveries.' (Voltaire, an admirer of Bacon, later added the invention of glass to the three discoveries, as fundamental to the advancement of knowledge.)

William Gilbert (1544-1603) was court physician to Elizabeth I and (briefly) to James I. In his 'De magnete' [On the magnet] (1600), written ten years before Galileo published his 'Starry Messenger' (1610), Gilbert proposed that the earth was a giant magnet or lodestone, with its poles at either geographical pole. He argued that the earth rotated about its axis because of terrestrial magnetism.

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We may trace the birth of the so-called 'scientific revolution' in Britain to the activities of three influential figures, all of whom flourished around the year 1600, and all of whom belonged to an exclusive inner circle of advisers to the royal family of the day, Elizabeth I, James I, and above all James's eldest son Prince Henry (who died in adolescence).

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Watch the video to learn about the most influential scientists

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Top 10 Influential Figures in Science and Technology

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Baking soda volcanoes and potato batteries are a good introduction to science; these people took it a little further. Welcome to WatchMojo.com, and today we're counting down our picks for the top 10 influential scientists. Special thanks to our users ibriers 1, asulf97, MrMoneyclips, joemaher, Christopher Carbonar and Philip Folta for submitting the idea on our Suggest Page at WatchMojo.com/suggest!

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Do you know that some of the modern technologies are actually ancient? Could you guess which ones? Watch the video and check.

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Top 10 Modern Technologies That Are Actually Ancient

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What is pseudoscience and how is it different from science? Watch and answer the question.

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Karl Popper, Science, & Pseudoscience: Crash Course Philosophy #8