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Summary- This article is about how much shame there is in America. It goes through the times of the past when America was just a colony to the times of today with the cultural change. It says that Benjamin Rush made the term "Shame" as a punishment worse than death. Shame doesn't disappear as it just carries along with you. And from today with social media, shame cam be inevitable it seems like.

Connection- This connects to the because the mothers have shame in their children but the children don't themselves and want to become what they want to bed.

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Summary- The U.S is thought to be a culture of guilt while Japan is a culture of shame. The shame is due to taking political responsibility. Japan has a young democracy because of the ancient civilization and still being the world's third largest economy. The democratic party has really taken the root of Japan.

Connection- This is similar to Buddha in the Attic because the women coming to America are having shame because of the way they have to live.

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Link at bottom

The Shame Culture talks about the many different types of cultural shame in group of mainly minorities. In this time period people are still picked out and bullied because of their culture. The article talks about how now in order to not have that shame people think they need to be a celebrity on some form of social media since they will be accepted there. It also talks about how everything posted is a huge threat to everybody in their eyes and its rarely done.

This connects to the book since in both they talk about the shame that people can face. In the book the kids laugh and try to make their parents stop doing cultural things like bowing and never bring kids over since they would be embarrassed. The kids want to be liked and try to fit in, some have dreams of becoming famous which in today's world would help them as said in the article. They want to be like Americans so they can fit in.

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Crouch describes how video gamers viciously went after journalists, mostly women, who had criticized the misogyny of their games. Campus controversies get so hot so fast because even a minor slight to a group is perceived as a basic identity threat.

The ultimate sin today, Crouch argues, is to criticize a group, especially on moral grounds. Talk of good and bad has to defer to talk about respect and recognition. Crouch writes, "Talk of right and wrong is troubling when it is accompanied by seeming indifference to the experience of shame that accompanies judgments of 'immorality.'"

He notes that this shame culture is different from the traditional shame cultures, the ones in Asia, for example. In traditional shame cultures the opposite of shame was honor or "face" - being known as a dignified and upstanding citizen. In the new shame culture, the opposite of shame is celebrity - to be attention-grabbing and aggressively unique on some media platform.

On the positive side, this new shame culture might rebind the social and communal fabric. It might reverse, a bit, the individualistic, atomizing thrust of the past 50 years.

On the other hand, everybody is perpetually insecure in a moral system based on inclusion and exclusion. There are no permanent standards, just the shifting judgment of the crowd. It is a culture of oversensitivity, overreaction and frequent moral panics, during which everybody feels compelled to go along.

If we're going to avoid a constant state of anxiety, people's identities have to be based on standards of justice and virtue that are deeper and more permanent than the shifting fancy of the crowd. In an era of omnipresent social media, it's probably doubly important to discover and name your own personal True North, vision of an ultimate good, which is worth defending even at the cost of unpopularity and exclusion.

The guilt culture could be harsh, but at least you could hate the sin and still love the sinner. The modern shame culture allegedly values inclusion and tolerance, but it can be strangely unmerciful to those who disagree and to those who don't fit in.

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Crouch describes how video gamers viciously went after journalists, mostly women, who had criticized the misogyny of their games. Campus controversies get so hot so fast because even a minor slight to a group is perceived as a basic identity threat. The ultimate sin today, Crouch argues, is to criticize a group, especially on moral grounds.

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Summary - Many can't even agree what it means to be an American. Nowadays many are describing the American identity based off of political parties. Republicans are far more likely to be grounded in Christian beliefs and the traditions of early European immigrants as essential to U.S. identity. Democrats are more  at point to the country’s history of mixing of people from around the globe and a tradition of offering refuge to the persecuted.

Connections - This connects to Buddha in the Attic as young women are coming over to America to start their new lives, and having a new identity than in Japan. They are all working for a new life and don't really know their identity as an American, as they are all in a whole new place, with different customs than they are used to.

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This compared to their mothers had this dream of coming over to America and having this great life, while the kids have all these different dreams of what they want to do when they grow up.

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We noticed a pattern in the evidence for dreams and through that pattern, we think the author is trying to tell us the darkness is reality, the mothers are trying to protect their children from is the reality of when they grow up.The mothers are trying to protect their children from entering the darkness of reality by allowing them to continue to dream on about anything they want.

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Why do the mothers let them keep dreaming?

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Why do the mothers let them keep dreaming?

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This shows the mothers, even though they know one day their childhood would be corrupted, they let them believe as long as they could. The reality that they will soon be faced with will change the moral of the children, one of the reasons I believe the mothers allow their children to dream for so long.

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I thought this quote was significant because it helps bring to term why the mothers allow their children to dream constantly. Some are not born with the greatest possibilities they can have, but with their mother letting them dream it brings more

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The Mothers know that the children's dreams will never come true since they "saw the darkness coming" that will crush both their dreams and their spirits making them into what the mothers currently are.

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The mothers thought that when they ended up married that they would have a better life than what they are actually living. Reality came in and now they are always doing something even if they're tired which is why they want to be separated from the others.

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"And even though we saw the darkness coming we said nothing and let them dream on."

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"They learned that some people are born luckier then others and that things in this world do not always go as you plan"

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How might the mothers' dreams relate to the idea of cultural estrangement? 

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How might the mothers' dreams relate to the idea of cultural estrangement? 

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"Our husbands had nothing to do with them. They never changed a single diaper. They never washed a dirty dish. They never touched a broom. In the evening, no matter how tired we were when we came in from the fields, they sat down and read the paper while we cooked dinner for the children and stayed up washing and mending piles of clothes until late."

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How do the children's dreams compare to the dreams of their mothers?

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How do the children's dreams compare to the dreams of their mothers?

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"One swore she would one day marry a preacher so she wouldn't have to pick berries on Sundays. One wanted to save up enough money to buy his own far,. One wanted to become a tomato grower like his father. One wanted to become anything but."

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What is significant about how the mothers interpret their children’s dreams, and what does this suggest about the mothers?

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What is significant about how the mothers interpret their children’s dreams, and what does this suggest about the mothers?

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"And even though we saw the darkness coming we said nothing and let them dream on."