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Pythagoras (6th century BC) made the monochord famous, an instrument he used to identify and define musical intervals and in the teaching of the Pythagorean theory of the relationship between numbers and music; among other things he showed that the frequency of the sound is inversely proportional to the length of the string.

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Filozofia:  Pitagoras  matematyk, uznawał świat za matematyczną doskonałość, twierdził, że człowiek ma dwoistą naturę, jest złożony z duszy i ciała.

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Pythagoras, obsessed with mathematically explaining the intervals, passing by a smithy was surprised by the rhythmic sound of the hammer blow on the anvil. He entered, observed and experimented using five hammers. He found that one, which broke the perfect scale of sounds, had a weight without numerical relation to the rest, so he eliminated it.

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With the rest, he obtained the following conclusions: their weights were in the proportion 12, 9, 8 and 6; the largest (12), double weight of the smallest (6), produced a sound (one octave) lower than the lowest. The weight of the other two hammers (9 and 8) corresponded to the arithmetic and harmonic mean respectively of the weight (12 and 6), so he deduced that they would give the other fixed notes of the scale. Pythagoras, obsessed with mathematically explaining the intervals, passing by a smithy was surprised by the rhythmic sound of the hammer blow on the anvil. He entered, observed and experimented using five hammers.He found that one, which broke the perfect scale of sounds, had a weight without numerical relation to the rest, so he eliminated it. With the rest, he obtained the following conclusions: their weights were in the proportion 12, 9, 8 and 6; the largest (12), double weight of the smallest (6), produced a sound (one octave) lower than the lowest. The weight of the other two hammers (9 and 8) corresponded to the arithmetic and harmonic mean respectively of the weight (12 and 6),  so he deduced that they would give the other fixed notes of the scale.

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WHO ELSE TOUCHED THE MONOCHORD? (CURIOSITY)

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WHO ELSE TOUCHED THE MONOCHORD? (CURIOSITY)

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The monochord was used by Claudius Ptolemy (2nd century AD), famous astronomer and mathematician who wrote The Harmonics, a reference treatise in musicology. He based musical intervals in mathematical proportions using empirical observation . He presented his own divisions of the tetrachord and the octave, which he obtained with the help of this instrument.