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Communication Through The Ages

Communication Through The Ages

Before the days of tweeting and texting, people communicated with one another a little differently. Even with the help of animals and use of structured hand signals, it would still take weeks, sometimes months, to send a message. Over time, the sharing of ideas, thoughts, and messages has become easier with shiny new technologies. Here is a look at the evolution of communication throughout the ages, and the methods and tools that have helped connect us all.

The Big Bang

BC

5-7 M Spoken Word Stories

Oral communication was once the only means for passing one's ancestry to the next generation or spooking them with a frightening ghost story.

33,000 Neanderthal Cave Paintings

Our hunched predecessors had an eye better than Picasso, creating cave masterpieces throughout France. Inspired by all the smelly cheese?

550 Postal Service

Did you hear the one about the unstamped letter? You wouldn't get it.

Lost in the mail?

Canadian electronics scientist Doctor Maurice Levy invented an automatic postal sorter in 1957 that could handle 200,000 letters an hour.

150 Smoke Signals

Chinese soldiers were able to transmit messages as far away as 750 KMs in just a few hours with smoke signals along the Great Wall.

AD

301-800 First Handwritten Manuscript

The first Western manuscripts were written without spaces or lifting the pen. Strength training? Go write the Bible.

1150 Carrier Pigeons

Although commonly referred to as "flying rats," these bobble-headed birds were once treasured as yesteryear's dutiful postmen.

Sad but true?

A South African company managed to send data using a carrier pigeon faster than over an ADSL line from the largest South African ISP. The pigeon arrived in two hours, six minutes and 57 seconds; by that time, only four percent of the same 4GB was transferred over the ADSL line.

1440 Gutenberg Printing Press

This brilliant invention paved the road for the Renaissance, Reformation and Scientific Revolutions, and helped the spread of learning to the masses.

A step ahead?

European presses circa 1600 were capable of producing 3,600 pages per day. By comparison, movable type printing in the Far East was done by mannually rubbing the back of the paper to the page and output didn't exceed 40 pages per day.

1684 Semaphore (Maritime Flags)

English scientist Robert Hooke was credited with inventing semaphore, apparently because the patent for "funny hand waving with flags" was taken.

1836 Morse Code

We like morse code so much, we figured we'd just juse it: ....- -.--.---...-..-.-..-. .- -.-.. ... ... .-.-.- ..-. -- --- .-. ... . -.-.--- -... .-..---...- . .-. Interesting, right?

1867 Typewriter

Now a common form of communication for hipsters, the typewriter's first publication was 'The Adventures of Tom Sawyer' by Mark Twain

1876 Telephone

Do youu think when Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone he thought telecommunication would progress to 'ROTFLMAO'?

Can you hear me now?

Today, there are 4.16 billion people who own a mobile phone.

1890 IBM Punchcard System

Made popular by Big Blue, punchcards were used by the army during World War II. "The Sorter" sequenced cards at 650 cards a minute, giving new meaning to "punching out at work".

1920 Commercial Radio

The first radio broadcast included famous opera singers from the Met; today, we're graced with the likes of Justin Bieber.

Not dead yet?

There are about 44,000 Radio stations worldwide.

1925 TV

The Buggles said it best, 'Video killed the radio star....oh-a-oh'. Americans spend over 13 hours a week watching T.V.

1964 Word Processor

Word Processors saved a few trees, allowed us to write faster and procrastinate longer. Remember the good old days of WordPerfect?

1965 Email

Without the MIT researchers that created email, male enhancement spam and forwarded chain letters wouldn't be possible.

1969 Internet

Started as a US military project, ARPANET serves as the foundation for the modern Internet as we know it. Defense spending win!

1976 Basic Text Editor

Emacs and Vi were two popular text editors created this same year, sparking the nerdiest war in Internet history.

1978 Markup Language

Here's another IBM innovation: Charles Goldfarb, commonly known as the 'father of markup languages', convinced IBM's executives to deploy GML commercially.

1990 Search Engines

Who would've thought the PageRank algorithm would lead to the golden era of pornography? Thanks Google.

1994 Wikis

First created by Ward Cunningham, wiki means "fast" in Hawaiian, which is how long it took the community-edited Wikipedia to destroy every encyclopedia maker in town.

Did you know?

The English edition of Wikipedia Encyclopedia contains around 3 million artiles as of now and if someone were to print the entire Wikipedia encyclopedia into a book, the size of that book would roughly be equivalent to 952 volumes of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

1996 Instant Messaging

Instant Messaging, or IM for short, gave us the wonderful world of emoticons. Having a conversation with the person next to you has never been easier.

2002 Social Networking

Thanks to Friendster, then MySpace, and now Facebook, we spend a quarter of our time at work online on social networking sites.

2006 Microblogging

Tweet, tweet, tweet...those small bursts of 140 characters happen 200 million times a day. Who do you follow?

2011 Online Content Collaboration

One part word processing, two parts web technology, an a dash of social networking. Shaken an stirred, enjoy it in the cloud.

The future of communication...

Confluence 4.0 takes content collaboration to the next level.

It's never been this easy to create, share, and discuss rich content online.

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Transcript Communication Through The Ages Before the days of tweeting and texting, people communicated with one another a little differently. Even with the help of animals and use of structured hand signals, it would still take weeks, sometimes months, to send a message.

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sex in the city love letters of great men

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Love Letters of Great Men - read through wonderfully romantic letters of love written by some of the most memorable men in history!

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"There is a popular notion, that the photographer is by nature a voyeur, the last one invited to the party. But I'm not crashing; this is my party. This is my family, my history."
Nan Goldin

Nan Goldin is undoubtedly one of the most controversial artists in recent photography history. Her work has been accused of idealizing drug abuse and of being utterly voyeuristic. It's true that her images let the observer enter a world he or she otherwise would have never been able to see - or didn't know it even it existed.

It's a world beneath the surface of widely accepted conventions and norms set by the majority of society. Cross dressers, gays, lesbians, drug-addicts: Nan Goldin's photographs take us on an emotional roller coaster ride down into the subculture of New York City in the 1970s and 1980s. Like a kick in our guts. Images that make us want to scream out loud at times - and then again hold our breath, remain silent. Deeply moving, crawling under our skin.

"I didn't care about good photography, I cared about complete honesty."
Nan Goldin

Nan Goldin never put her art first. She was part of the group she photographed; her subjects were her "family". Otherwise the extreme intimacy displayed in her images would have been impossible to achieve. Photographing her friends was an act of love; an homage to the people she loved and of whom she's lost so many to AIDS or abusive drug consumption. "I didn't care about good photography, I cared about complete honesty", says Nan Goldin.

Her images may seem voyeuristic, because they show people in situations most people would prefer not to be photographed. Yet they were not taken by a voyeur, but by a deeply caring woman who expressed her honestly felt sympathy for her subjects by conserving their memory on film and paper - documenting, but never judging with her camera.

Nan Goldin: The Ballad of Sexual Dependency

"Deeply destructive dualism between intimacy and autonomy that haunt human relationships."

The slide show she put together from the images, mostly taken between 1978 and 1986, have become the career-defining work of Nan Goldin. "The Ballad of Sexual Dependency" has been exhibited across the globe. Regularly re-arranged and edited by the artist.

It deals with addictions, not only to drugs, but also to sex and the relationships that may arise from them that are often deeply ambiguous - torn between love and violence. That deeply destructive dualism between intimacy and autonomy that haunt human relationships.

It's about all these themes that make up "The Ballad of Sexual Dependency" that Nan Goldin talked about in a recent interview conducted by Emma Reeves, creative director - MOCAtv.

Reeves describes her encounter with Nan Goldin as follows:

"I have known Nan Goldin for some years since my days as photo director of the publications 'Dazed & Confused'/'Another Magazine' and 'Another Man' magazine in London. When MOCA (Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles) hung the entire series of 'The Ballad of Sexual Dependency' I knew that I would ask her if I could interview her about this phenomenal body of work. Nan is rarely interviewed and is even more rarely filmed, so I was thrilled when she agreed.

"Nan has a wonderfully youthful and anarchic spirit and spending time with her is a privilege."
Emma Reeves

It is important that the story of the creation of 'The Ballad' be captured on film for future generations and as MOCAtv is a YouTube channel the content will be searchable and therefore democratically available. Nan has a wonderfully youthful and anarchic spirit and spending time with her is a privilege. We filmed the interview in New York in her apartment and she oversaw the sequencing of the images that are shown in the film."

Nan Goldin's images will be on view as part of the exhibition "Room To Live" at MOCA, Los Angeles.
For more information about Nan Goldin you might want to check out the articles Nan Goldin - Intimate Snapshots and The 5 Best Photography Movies About Nan Goldin.

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Nan Goldin: "The Ballad Of Sexual Dependency"

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"There is a popular notion, that the photographer is by nature a voyeur, the last one invited to the party. But I'm not crashing; this is my party. This is my family, my history." Nan Goldin Nan Goldin is undoubtedly one of the most controversial artists in recent photography history.

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Gryffin, Elley Duhé - Tie Me Down (Lyric Video)

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SparkNotes: Romeo and Juliet: Important Quotations Explained

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Explanation of the famous quotes in Romeo and Juliet, including all important speeches, comments, quotations, and monologues.

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Those oft spoken "Sex and the City" questions, asked in soothing voice-over by New York Star dating columnist Carrie Bradshaw, have in recent years become the target of hilarious memes and "I-can't-believe-she-said-that" quips, complete with an eye-roll.

But let's not pretend Carrie, played by Sarah Jessica Parker, who wrote about her stalled dating life and the lives of her three best friends, didn't have some solid dating gems.

"Sex and the City" was a television show for a generation of young women, struggling to talk about sex, dating and what they really wanted from men. Unlike its small screen predecessors before them, like "The Golden Girls" and "Designing Women," Darren Star's comedy was a more unsanitized version of what women were really talking about in the '90s over cosmopolitans.

The three women who linked arm-in-arm with Carrie on those New York streets were power lawyer Miranda Hobbes, portrayed by now-New York gubernatorial candidate Cynthia Nixon, public relations magnate Samantha Jones, played by Kim Cattrall, and art gallery dealer turned stay-at-home mom Charlotte York, played by Kristin Davis.

Getty Images

"SATC" was a rare moment in television history where the men in these women's lives weren't the heroes. They weren't waiting on Prince Charming to come and save them from a life of career work. Instead, the foursome, embodying distinct aspects of muliebrity, showed New York City women in control of their careers, but equally importantly, in control of their love lives.

Although the show often gets teased -- and for good reason -- for asking at times banal dating questions like "When it comes to bags, men, and cities, is it really what's outside that counts," it also held solid dating advice and mantras for women without a significant other.

Here are the 20 best pieces of dating advice from "Sex and the City":

Mantras for single women

1. "Some people are settling down, some people are settling and some people refuse to settle for anything less than butterflies." -- Carrie

2. "Maybe some women aren't meant to be tamed. Maybe they need to run free. Until they find someone, just as wild to run with." -- Carrie

3. "Being single used to mean that nobody wanted you. Now it means you're pretty sexy and you're taking your time deciding how you want your life to be and who you want to spend it with." -- Carrie

4. "The most exciting, challenging and significant relationship of all is the one you have with yourself. And if you find someone to love the you you love, well, that's just fabulous." -- Carrie

5. "You shouldn't have to sacrifice who you are just because somebody else has a problem with it." -- Carrie

6. "Life gives you lots of chances to screw up which means you have just as many chances to get it right." -- Carrie

7. "Anyone who's single in Manhattan gets a little freaked out from time to time. But we keep trying because you have to figure ... somewhere out there is another little freak who will love us, understand us ... and kiss our three heads and make it all better." -- Carrie

8. "I will not be judged by you or society." -- Samantha

9. "Take tradition and decorate it your own way. Think of it like the woman in Abu Dhabi, or like the movies in black and white, relationships come in a range of colors and options." -- Carrie

10. "Being a mother just isn't enough." -- Miranda

Bobby Bank/WireImage/Getty Images

Advice for women who are dating

1. "I'm looking for love. Real love. Ridiculous, inconvenient, consuming, can't-live-without-each-other love." -- Carrie

2. "Don't play hard to get with a man who's hard to get." -- Samantha

3. "And, finally, the most important breakup rule: No matter who broke your heart, or how long it takes to heal, you'll never go through it without your friends." -- Carrie

4. "When men attempt bold gestures, generally it's considered romantic. When women do it, it's often considered desperate or psycho." -- Carrie

5. "It wasn't logic, it was love." -- Carrie

6. "The hard thing about fighting in relationships is that there's no referee. There's no one to tell you which comments are below the belt. As a result, someone usually gets hurt." -- Carrie

7. "Some love stories aren't epic novels, some are short stories... But, that doesn't make them any less filled with love." -- Carrie

8. "I love you... but I love me more." -- Samantha

9. "I didn't get married to follow what society wants us to do, we are married, we have the luxury to design our own life." -- Carrie

10. "Maybe the past is like an anchor holding us back. Maybe, you have to let go of who you were to become who you will be." -- Carrie

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20 'Sex and the City' quotes that are actually solid dating advice

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Those oft spoken "Sex and the City" questions, asked in soothing voice-over by New York Star dating columnist Carrie Bradshaw, have in recent years become the target of hilarious memes and "I-can't-believe-she-said-that" quips, complete with an eye-roll.

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The Dadaists attached much less importance to the sales value of their work than to its uselessness for contemplative immersion. The studied degradation of their material was not the least of their means to achieve this uselessness. Their poems are "word salad" containing obscenities and every imaginable waste product of language.

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last lines] Jade Butterfield: My first love was everything all at once. The kind you never fall back from. Never try to. Never want to. A love so big. So strong. It never dies. Never fades. Never losses its electricity. The kind of love you fight for.

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Lady Gaga - Always Remember Us This Way (from A Star Is Born) (Official Music Video)

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Cimorelli - Can't Help Falling In Love (Cover)

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I'll Never Love Again (from A Star Is Born) (Official Music Video)

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Lincoln- 14/07/18

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Lincoln- 14/07/18

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Leeds- 13/07/18

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Hailee Steinfeld 海莉史坦菲德, BloodPop® - Capital Letters 銘記於心 (中文字幕) | 格雷的五十道陰影：自由 - 電影原聲帶

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CAN MY HEART BEAT QUIET? YOUR SMILE IS A SEA OF FIRE. YOUR LIGHT IGNITES MILLIONS OF EMBERS. I WAS THE SMALL VOICE IN MY HEAD BUT YOU’RE BLOWING UP THE SPEAKERS. NEVER WANTED A FAIRYTALE, I WANNA GET DRUNK WITH YOU ON CAPITAL LETTERS. YOUR EYES ARE TAKING ME PLACES, I’M AFRAID OF THE CLIMB; BUT I WANT TO SEE THE VIEW WITH YOU. I KNOW YOUR HEART BEATS QUIET; NEVER WAS ONE FOR A FAIRYTALE. THEN THERE WAS YOU, PULLING ME OUT THE CROWD. IN DENIAL OF WANTING A FAIRYTALE. YOU’RE MY MISREAD VILLAIN. YOU TOLD ME IT’S OKAY TO BE THE LIGHT. MY HEARTS A LITTLE BIT CLEARER.

I’VE GOT SOMETHING TO SAY NOW, I’M TELLING THE TRUTH.

FOR WORSE OR FOR BETTER, I WANNA GIVE IT TO YOU IN CAPITAL LETTERS.

20/06/18

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I went another 50 miles away from you today. I thought for some reason it'll all be different. I wouldn't see your face in strangers. I wouldn't hear your laugh amongst the traffic. I wouldn't feel as close to you. I was wrong. Another 50 miles and everything the same. The scenery looks the same here. Exactly like the  place where we met. The same mucky green grass and trees. Nothing but fields and fences. The same dismal sky. The brick work and cement are so familiar to me; I feel I've worked this pavement before. The scenery looks the same here. How does that make us any different? It's just another piece of the world I haven't walked on with you. If I set off now I could see you in 2 hours. I think that's better than the scenery.

16/06/18

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University of Leeds
John Hoyland

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Leeds

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Leeds

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Leeds

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Leeds

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Leeds

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14/06/18

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Edward Ruscha-1976
Pastel on paper

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Audio narrative and visual narrative

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Hailee Steinfeld - Rock Bottom ft. DNCE (Official Video)

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I saw your light arise
It was buried under a phantom figure
The light paralysed my body
I was in a void to my surroundings
Mesmerised, captured in a blighted beauty
Your light is like millions of fireflies swarming in the air like fearless embers
I saw the embers in your eyes
I knew then your light was continuous
I just hope you don't let that light go out
I'll keep my light on for you.
Will you do the same for me?
11/06/18

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You get under my skin, more then anyone's ever been.- Rock Bottom

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You get under my skin, more then anyone's ever been.- Rock Bottom

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Plaster block with indented text
14/06/18

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Saw your face, heard your name, gotta get with you...

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Saw your face, heard your name, gotta get with you...

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