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Effective strategies for integrating the curriculum, such as shared and webbed approaches, give students the opportunity to learn skills that are relevant for the 21st century and prepare them for thinking for themselves (Hanlon, 2004).

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Figure 4. Putting together the education puzzle (n.d.).

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Figure 4. Putting together the education puzzle (n.d.).

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Integrated studies allows teachers to use a range of teaching strategies to connect students to learning in meaningful ways (Austin & Edwards, 2016).

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Benefits of using these strategies to integrate the curriculum.

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Benefits of using these strategies to integrate the curriculum.

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By using effective strategies, like shared and webbed integration and inquiry-based learning, there are many benefits for students. Some of these include:
*    Approaching subjects from different perspectives gives students a better chance of making connections for themselves (Sorel, 2005).
*     Increasing the chance for student engagement, inquiry and enjoyment in learning by finding the contexts they like and topics they want to learn about (Murdoch, 1998).
*     Students have a greater chance to connect to prior learning and their learning to the real world (Murdoch, 1998).
*     Allows teacher to manage their time and the curriculum more efficiently (Murdoch, 1998).
*     Students can learn more from instruction and inquiry branching from one stem rather than compartmentalised subjects (Fogarty, 1991).
*     Learners have an opportunity to construct knowledge for themselves using Constructivist theories of learning (Vantassel-Baska & Wood, 2010).
*     Students get to understand their own process of learning (Murdoch, 1998).
*     Encourages teachers to use a range of teaching strategies to implement learning experiences that suit different learning styles (Murdoch, 1998).

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Figure 3. Integrated learning for deep understanding (n.d).

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Figure 3. Integrated learning for deep understanding (n.d).

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Figure 2 below shows Fogarty's ten ways of integrating the curriculum (Fogarty, 1991).

Figure 2. How to integrate the curriculum. (1991).

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Strategies used in Integrated Teaching and Learning.

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Strategies used in Integrated Teaching and Learning.

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Fogarty (1991) details ten ways of effectively integrating the curriculum in teaching and learning.  Some effective ways of using an integrated approach are shared and webbed strategies which integrate subjects across different discipline areas.

The shared model of integration allows for teachers to look for commonalities across subject areas. This allows for deeper learning and understanding of concepts when they are presented simultaneously in different subject areas (Fogarty, 1991).

Another effective strategy is to use a webbed approach.  In this strategy a theme or project is used, such as sustainability, and different subjects such as mathematics, english and cross-curriculum priorities, such as Indigenous perspectives, can be weaved into the common theme or project (Fogarty, 1991).  I

Within these strategies is promoted an inquiry-based learning model.  Students move from rote learning to meaning-centred learning where inquiry, collaboration, investigation and looking for the 'big ideas' in concepts are paramount.  Students are encouraged to build knowledge through a process of sequenced activities and experiences where different teaching strategies are used (Murdoch, 1998).

An example of effective integration, in a shared model, would be combining content descriptors in Year 4 science around forces, mathematics and measurement as well as digital technologies (Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority [ACARA], 2018, version 8.3).  Integration in an inquiry framework allows prior learning to connect to new knowledge building, revising and clarifying that new knowledge and evaluating the learning experience (Austin & Edwards, 2016).

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What is Integrated Teaching and Learning?

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What is Integrated Teaching and Learning?

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Integrating the curriculum is an effective way of teaching and learning that connects different knowledge and skills across discipline areas in meaningful ways (Gordon, 2014, p.324).  The image below shows how the teacher, student and system work together to create engagement and relevance in learning.
Figure 1. Integration as an instructional practice. (n.d.).

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What are some effective strategies for teaching in a integrated program?

Question by Chad Westbury