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The Ottomans resisted imperialism by trying to modernize. They also resisted the Russians when they teamed up with France and Britain, but Britain took over Egypt in an effective way by fooling them. In India, there was tension caused by religious discrimination.

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We would compare them as being different because the Ottoman Empire/Persia/Egypt were taken over within a short amount of time rather than very slowly due to already being weak (Ottoman Empire), India was able to become a self-governing country through the slow progress. They were similar though due to all resistance movements were in order to create more independence for their own country.

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- individual countries/territories started gaining independence
- India was harder to take over, since more people rebelled than in the Ottoman Empire/Persia/Egypt
- the rebellions in Persia and Egypt were easily stopped by the European nations, whereas in India, the Muslims and Hindus were able to unite against the British enemy

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The countries wanted to have independence and wanted to preserve their cultural beliefs as well as being able to make money/food. The developing technology also changed the power difference between the countries.

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There was resistance because they wanted to remain independent.
Ottomans - they were weak = easy to take over
India - sepoys
Persia - the concession on tobacco, Russia and Brit wanted to exploit commercially
Egypt - cash crop = peasants lost their land, made reforms to keep Europeans out

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They all resisted because they all wanted to be independent. They were all taken over quickly, showing their weakness. Ottoman's refused to modernize so they got easily taken over by the countries who had modernized. India was resisting on both independence and religion. The Egyptians had political and social reforms to prevent the European from invading them. The Persians were upset over the exportation of Tobacco. Din al Afghani set up a tobacco boycott and forced the ruler to cancel the concession. The events that took place all were acts of nationalism and rebellions.

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European countries colonized these empires. The native inhabitants of these lands were not represented in government and lacked a political voice, which pushed them towards rebellion. However, India was resisting based on religious beliefs (the greasing of the cartridges).

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Persia and Egypt, and India were all fighting Great Britain and they all lost because they didn't have the technology or economic development to resist Great Britain's power. Ottoman Empire were fighting the Russian forces with Great Britain's assistance. However in India, it started uprising and a sense of nationalism within the country.

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The Ottoman Empire was already failing, so the resistance efforts weren't as intense as those that were going on in India. However, they were similar in that they did resist being taken over. All of the populations that this colonialism affected wanted independence.

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The events of European imperialism in the Ottoman Empire, Persia, and Egypt involved weakening the nations with their rebellion tactics very weak and no technological or economic development.. In India they rebelled and they were able to establish a self-government leading to their independence by being able to resist using their religious beliefs.

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There is a rise of nationalism and increase in westernization of the various nations. They begin to resent the colonial powers because of missionaries that hope to convert the people religiously and impose their beliefs on the people in Ottoman Empire/Persia/Egypt and India. The Europeans grew cash crops on the land instead of the food needed for the people. This led to the natives being taken advantage of and starved. Many of the nations exhibited weakness in military or socially and this led to the European interest in the land and nations. All the nations had natural resources that would benefit the European economy.

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Ottoman Empire/Persia/Egypt and India
- Based on cultural erasure and intolerance
- Colonized by European powers, resisted the lack of representation in government
- Nationalism rising, motivating the people
India formed nationalist groups to resist

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Persia:

Tobacco was exported by European businesses which made people mad.

There was a tobacco boycott where riots, violent protests, and property destruction broke out.

The Persians wanted a new constitution→ Russia and Britain took over (economic resistance)

Egypt:

The Egyptians created political and social reforms to block European domination of its land.

There were internal social/political reforms led by Muhammad Ali and Isma’il that encouraged feelings of superiority.

Famine struck which decreased the production of cash crops-cotton.

Suez canal was made by the Egyptians but it caused them to be in debt.

Ottoman Empire:

Crimean resistance

India:

Sepoy rebellion happened in response to religious neglect.

Two groups were formed to address the needs of India and instate self-rule.