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Malaria is transmitted by mosquito bites. Malaria kills an estimated 660,000 people annually.

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Malaria is transmitted by mosquito bites. Malaria kills an estimated 660,000 people annually.

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There are 4 different types of malaria. I chose the Plasmodium falciparum strain. 

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There are 4 different types of malaria. I chose the Plasmodium falciparum strain. 

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Malaria is highly recognizeable. The strain has the appearance of headphones.

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Malaria is highly recognizeable. The strain has the appearance of headphones.

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What makes malaria so harmful is that it is a constant process. An infected mosquito bites a person, the pathogen is transferred and is synthesized in the blood, and then is transferred to another mosquito when it bites the infected person.  This process continues on and on..

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Symptoms of malaria include nausea, mental confusion, fatigue, fast heart rate, chills, fever, sweating, headache, spleen enlargement.

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Symptoms of malaria include nausea, mental confusion, fatigue, fast heart rate, chills, fever, sweating, headache, spleen enlargement.

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Malaria infection in pregnant women can be more severe than in nonpregnant women. Malaria can increase the risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes, including prematurity, abortion, and stillbirth. 

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Malaria infection in pregnant women can be more severe than in nonpregnant women. Malaria can increase the risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes, including prematurity, abortion, and stillbirth. 

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Prevention: There are multiple anti-malarial medications depending on how long of a trip is being taken, possible pregnancy, and routine of administration. Atovaquone/Proguanil, Chloroquine, Doxycycline, Mefloquine, Primaquine. The history of malarial medications and evolving parasites with drug resistance makes the treatment and prevention increasing harder than previous years.

Diagnosis :Patients with suspected malaria should have parasitological confirmation of diagnosis with either microscopy or rapid diagnostic test (RDT) before antimalarial treatment is started. Treatment based on clinical grounds should only be given if diagnostic testing is not immediately accessible within 2 hours of patients presenting for treatment. Immediate treatment, from 24 hours of fever onset,  with an effective and safe antimalarial is necessary to effect a cure and prevent life-threatening complications. "World Health Organization  recommends artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria caused by the P. falciparum parasite. By combining 2 active ingredients with different mechanisms of action, ACTs are the most effective antimalarial medicines available today. WHO currently recommends 5 ACTs for use against P. falciparum malaria. The choice of ACT should be based on the results of therapeutic efficacy studies against local strains of P. falciparum malaria."

Treatment: Severe malaria should be treated with injectable artesunate (intramuscular or intravenous) for at least 24 hours and followed by a complete 3-day course of an ACT once the patient can tolerate oral medicines

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The highest risk is associated with first- and second-generation immigrants living in nonendemic countries who return to their countries of origin to visit family and friends. Women who are pregnant or likely to become pregnant should be advised to avoid travel to areas with malaria transmission if possible. Malaria infection in pregnant women can be more severe than in nonpregnant women. Malaria can increase the risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes, including prematurity, abortion, and stillbirth.
Travelers to sub-Saharan Africa have the greatest risk of both getting malaria and dying from their infection. However, all travelers to countries where malaria is present may be at risk for infection.

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The best way to prevent malaria is to prevent mosquito bites. Cover up as much of the body as possible, use a net bed cover when sleeping, and constantly use deet bug repellent.