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Period Characteristics:
- The people of this day all spoke the same language until God decided they became to prideful and ambitious. Because of this, he changed the language of many so they were no longer able to communicate and build the tower to Heaven.
- This is where God changed all of the world languages.
-The tower is called the tower of Babel because people there were simply babbling on once God changed their language.

Source:
“Bible Gateway Passage: Genesis 11:1-9 - New International Version.” Bible Gateway, www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis+11%3A1-9.

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The Native Americans had different spirit animals based on their birth month. For example, someone born in February could have 4 different spirit animal possibilities depending on their birth date, and what hemisphere they live in.

Source:
King, Bernadette. “Native American Zodiac & Astrology: Birth Signs & TOTEMS.” What Is My Spirit Animal | Spirit, Totem, & Power Animals, 5 July 2021, whatismyspiritanimal.com/native-american-zodiac-astrology/.

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Native Americans have a beautiful way of naming their children. Each name always has a meaning. For example, Aponi was a common girls name which meant butterfly. In older Native American history, there would be meanings such as, "she who rides with the wind," or "He who flies with the Eagles."

Source:
Murray, Donna. “50 Native American Baby Names.” Verywell Family, 14 June 2021, www.verywellfamily.com/native-american-baby-names-4590089.

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-Jamestown was the first American settlement.
-Founded in 1607AD, before the Pilgrims came over in 1620.
-Jamestown suffered many hardships such as harsh winters, fatal famines, and raids from the nearby Algonquin Indians.
- More than half of the colonists died within the first year of arrival.

Source: Editors, PBS. “Death at JAMESTOWN ~ Background.” PBS, Public Broadcasting Service, 15 Apr. 2019, www.pbs.org/wnet/secrets/death-jamestown-background/1428/.

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"Of Plymouth Plantation," was written by William Bradford over a period of years. Bradford was the leader of the colonial group that populated Massachusetts in the 1620's. The book describes the ups and downs, peaks and valleys, of the pilgrims navigating through new land, and newfound freedom.

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Written by Jonathon Edwards, this sermon provides a deep understanding of what happens to non-believers. This is one of the most famous sermons in history and is still being preached to this day. The Sermon includes horrific detail yet intriguing thoughts on the happenings in Hell. This sermon is also considered to be a catalyst to the Great Awakening.

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William Bradford: "Of Plymouth Plantation"
Anne Bradstreet: Many poetry works
John Edwards: "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God"
Edward Taylor: "Huswifery"

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Many diaries and histories were written. Often contained deep religious thoughts or prayers. Writers sought purification in the church and make their own ways of religion, one that did not involve the English Catholic church. Many viewed religion as a personal experience and thought the "elect," would be saved. They used a very plain writing style which can be considered eloquent to today's society.

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The Salem Witch Trials were a time in history when some (mostly women) were accused of harboring the devils touch, or magic. Most of the time the accused would be burned at the stake, without a fair trail and most times no trial at all. Even dogs were burned at the stake. The government (strongly rooted around the church) believed that vanquishing the devils touch would free their city from sin which was far from the truth.

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-The age of enlightenment was a movement in the 1700's and was going on during the revolutionary war. Also known as the age of reason.

-The age of Enlightenment ended in 1815 with the Napoleonic wars.

Sources:
https://www.bl.uk/restoration-18th-century-literature/articles/the-enlightenment

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Rationalism is defined as "a belief or theory that opinions and actions should be based on reason and knowledge rather than on religious belief or emotional response." This thought process was very prominent during the age of reason, in which people began to stray from the church. Rationalism views knowledge as the main source for thoughts and ideas, rather than previous beliefs that God and the Bible were the main source for thoughts and ideas.
Similarly, enlightenment believed in reason and knowledge. However, enlightenment placed these over tradition rather than religion. Some enlightenment philosophers such as Voltaire believed that the church should be separate from the government, an idea that later came to fruition. The enlightenment did not condemn the church as rationalism did, but rather gave it a new identity within society.

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Some of the most famous works of literature were created during the age of enlightenment and the age or reason. Among these, The Declaration of Independence, The United States Constitution, and The Bill of Rights. These three documents could be considered the most important in US history considering they are the founding pieces to the country. The Declaration of Independence was instituted on July 4th, 1776, before the Americans had won the war against Britain. Those who signed the document put their lives on the line for their new country. The Constitution and the Bill of Rights were created during the founding of the American government.

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Lots of works during this time consisted of deep philosophical thoughts. Activists wrote pamphlets in favor of the Americans during the revolution. The most famous pamphlet during this time was "Common Sense" by Thomas Paine.
Rationalism also began to leak into famous works. Religion became a less important part of society and some began to rely more on reason than on God or faith.

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Benjamin Franklin: Autobiography
Patrick Henry: "Speech to the Virginia Convention"
Thomas Paine: "The Crisis"
Phyllis Wheatley: Works of Poetry

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Although there were many American enlightenment thinkers, the Enlightenment Period was most popular in the country of France. Popular philosophers such as Rousseau purposefully moved to France for this reason.

Source: https://infactcollaborative.com/history/10-interesting-facts-about-the-enlightenment.html

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Enlightenment was very popular around anti-church and anti-government racialists. These sprung up in European countries such as France. This later sparked the French revolution which changed the course of French history.

Source:
https://infactcollaborative.com/history/10-interesting-facts-about-the-enlightenment.html

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-Transcendentalists believed in individualism and the reflection of God in daily life.
- The movement began in 1836 in New England and was influenced by current philosophers.
- Were known as the "liberal Christians" and  invested in modern day movements such as feminism and looser church rules.

Sources:
History.com Editors. “Transcendentalism.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 15 Nov. 2017, www.history.com/topics/19th-century/transcendentalism.

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Transcendentalism- "The American Renaissance" 

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Transcendentalism- "The American Renaissance" 

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The American Renaissance was a time of great leaps and bounds in the literary world. It is closely related to the Transcendentalist Era and lasted around 30 years. From 1830-1861, many famous, now classical books were written such as "The Scarlet Letter," "Uncle Tom's Cabin," and "Walden." Ralph Waldo Emerson is sometimes referred to as the father of the father of the American Renaissance.

Source:
https://www.easternct.edu/speichera/understanding-literary-history-all/the-american-renaissance.html

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This time in American history could be considered one of the most important, second only to its founding. The Abolitionist, Utopian, and Women's Suffrage movements, to name a few. The Abolitionist movement eventually gave African Americans the right to vote, own property, and any other right a White citizen would have. The Women's suffrage movement gave women the right to vote and the Utopian movement fell flat after only a few years.

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Works of this time focused on the soul and Divine thoughts. Religion became more prominent in works and there were many books published about God's spirit working in nature and in the souls of others.
However, there were even more books on self-reliance and not conforming to tradition. Individualism and was taught to be superior to previous traditional values.

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Ralf Waldo Emerson: "Nature," "Self Reliance:
Henry David Thoreau: "Walden," "Life in the Woods"
Louisa May Alcott: "Little Women"

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The singing revolution occurred in Estonia in the late 1980's and early 1990's. This was a large, peaceful protest against the Soviet Union who was currently occupying their country. The Soviets nearly all forms of the Estonia culture, including Estonian song, in attempt to conform its people. This did the exact opposite however. The singing revolution gathered people from all across the country to peacefully fight against the Soviets.

Source:
https://blog.darlingmagazine.org/5-times-peaceful-protests-made-difference-history/

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Hong Kong is a small island located to the south of China. It's people have been a part of China since 1842. As of 2018, the providence has began to see an uptick in protests. The people of Hong Kong wish to be freed from the Chinese communist association. These peaceful protests have been met with unimaginable violence. The Chinese government refuses to grant Hong Kong their wish and instead, controls the providence even more than the rest of China. These protests have continued and likely will until Hong Kong gains its freedom as a democracy.

Source:
https://www.cnn.com/2019/12/25/asia/hong-kong-christmas-protests-intl-hnk/index.html