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Tonga is a country in Oceania, a member of Polynesia and formed by the union of 177 islands of the same name, also known as Friendly Islands.  Its capital is Nuku'alofa, which is also its main urban center.

With an area of ​​747 km², Tonga is the 172nd largest country in the world in terms of territory.  Its population is slightly more than 100 000 inhabitants, placing the kingdom in 178th position among the most populous countries and resulting in a demographic density of 153 inhab./km².

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South Sudan officially known as the Republic of South Sudan, is a landlocked country in East-Central Africa. It is bordered to the east by Ethiopia, to the north by Sudan, to the west by the Central African Republic, to the southwest by Democratic Republic of the Congo, to the south by Uganda and to the southeast by Kenya. It gained independence from the Republic of the Sudan in 2011, making it the most recent sovereign state or country with widespread recognition. Its capital and largest city is Juba. It includes the vast swamp region of the Sudd, formed by the White Nile and known locally as the Bahr al Jabal meaning "Mountain River". Sudan was occupied by Egypt under the Muhammad Ali dynasty and was governed as an Anglo-Egyptian condominium until Sudanese independence in 1956. Following the First Sudanese Civil War, the Southern Sudan Autonomous Region was formed in 1972 and lasted until 1983. A second Sudanese civil war soon broke out, ending in 2005 with the Comprehensive Peace Agreement. Later that year, southern autonomy was restored when an Autonomous Government of Southern Sudan was formed. South Sudan became an independent state on 9 July 2011, following 98.83% support for independence in a January 2011 referendum.

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Tanzania, officially the United Republic of Tanzania, is a country in East Africa within the African Great Lakes region. It borders Uganda to the north; Kenya to the northeast; Comoro Islands and the Indian Ocean to the east; Mozambique and Malawi to the south; Zambia to the southwest; and Rwanda, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west. More than 100 languages are spoken in Tanzania, making it the most linguistically diverse country in East Africa. English is used in foreign trade, in diplomacy, in higher courts, and as a medium of instruction in secondary and higher education, The Tanzanian government, however, has plans to discontinue English as a language of instruction. Many educated Tanzanians are trilingual, also speaking English.

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Saint Kitts and Nevis is a small country in the Caribbean situated between the Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea. This country has two islands, Saint Kitts and Nevis, separated at a distance of 2 miles. Both are volcanic origin, with large central peaks covered in tropical rainforest. The islands have a combined land area of 261km, making it the smallest country in America. St. Kitts' economy is based largely on sugar cultivation and tourism. St. Kitts and Nevis has the largest eletronics assembly industry in the Eastern Caribbean.

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Seychelles, island republic in the western Indian Ocean, comprising about 115 islands, with lush tropical vegetation, beautiful beaches, and a wide variety of marine life. Situated between latitudes 4° and 11° S and longitudes 46° and 56° E, the major islands of Seychelles are located about 1,000 miles (1,600 km) east of Kenya and about 700 miles (1,100 km) northeast of Madagascar. The capital, Victoria, is situated on the island of Mahé.

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"Papua New Guinea" is not  big, but very interesting country. Capital of Papua New Guinea is Port Moresby,  also this country is the largest state in Oceania with a population of almost 9 million. The country consists of more than 600 islands and teeming with crime. This is one of the most dangerous countries for tourists, as local gangs oppose and outnumber the police, therefore, I would not advise you to go there to rest

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Is an island country in the Polynesian subregion of Oceania in the Pacific Ocean. Its islands are situated about midway between Hawaii and Australia. They lie east-northeast of the Santa Cruz Islands (which belong to the Solomon Islands), northeast of Vanuatu, southeast of Nauru, south of Kiribati, west of Tokelau, northwest of Samoa and Wallis and Futuna, and north of Fiji. Tuvalu is composed of three reef islands and six atolls. They are spread out between the latitude of 5° and 10° south, and between the longitude of 176° and 180°. They lie west of the International Date Line. Tuvalu has a population of 10,507 (2017 census). The total landarea ofthe islands of Tuvalu is 26 square kilometres (10 sq mi).
Official languages are English and Tuvaluan.

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Lu Yao Ye 11C N:14

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South Asian country. Bathed by the Arabian Sea (Indian Ocean) to the south, it borders Iran to the west, Afghanistan to the northwest, China to the northeast, and India to the east and southeast. The capital is Islamabad, with 1 365 000 inhabitants (2015), and the largest cities are Karachi (16 618 000 inhab.), Lahore (8 741 000 inhab.), Faisalabad (3 567 000 inhab.) And Rawalpindi (2 506 000 inhab.).

Pakistan comprises almost the entire watershed of the Indus River. In the western part there are the Himalayas and in the western part an extensive plain that extends from northeast to southwest. The four main regional groups are Panjábis, Baloches, Sindhis and Patanes. The population results from a mixture of several indigenous peoples whose racial characteristics were affected by successive waves of Aryans, Persians, Greeks, Arabs. The languages ​​are mainly regional (Panjabi, Baloche and Pastó), but the official language is Urdu, although English is also spoken.

Afonso Mourão
11ºC / Nº2

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Jamaica is an island country situated in the Caribbean Sea. It is situated some 100 miles (160 km) west of Haiti, 90 miles (150 km) south of Cuba, and 390 miles (630 km) northeast of the nearest point on the mainland, Cape Gracias a Dios, on the Caribbean coast of Central America. The national capital is Kingston.
Originally inhabited by the indigenous Taíno peoples, called the island Xaymaca in their language meaning the "Land of Wood and Water" or the "Land of Springs". The island came under Spanish rule following the arrival of Christopher Columbus in 1494 who called it Santiago. The island remained a possession of Spain until 1655, when England (later Great Britain) conquered it, renaming it Jamaica. Jamaica became independent from the United Kingdom in 1962 but remains a member of the Commonwealth.
The country has a global influence that belies its small size. It was the birthplace of the Rastafari religion, reggae music (and associated genres such as dub, ska and dancehall), and it is internationally prominent in sports, most notably cricket, sprinting and athletics.
Jamaica is regarded as a bilingual country, with two major languages in use by the population. The official language is English, which is "used in all domains of public life", including the government, the legal system, the media, and education. However, the primary spoken language is an English-based creole called Jamaican Patois (or Patwa).

Juliana Santos, 11ºB, nº17

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Saint Lucia is an island country in the West Indies in the eastern Caribbean Sea on the boundary with the Atlantic Ocean. The island was previously called Iyonola, the name given to the island by the native Arawaks and later, Hewanorra, the name given by the native Caribs. Part of the Lesser Antilles it is located north/northeast of the island of Saint Vicent, northwest of Barbados and south of Martinique.

Iara Marques nº8 11ºC

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Burundi is a small country in Africa where the source of the Nile River is located. The most populous city in the country is Bujumbura, which was the capital of Burundi until December 24 of 2018, when the government's office was moved to Guitega, which became the country's capital. The main languages spoken in this country are French, English and Kirundi.

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It is an independent country in the Americas, consisting of 37 islands located between the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. It consists of two large islands, Antigua and Barbuda.

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Kiribati is an independent island nation in the central Pacific Ocean. The permanent population is over 119000. The states comprises32 atolls and one raised coral island Banaba. They have a total land area of 811 square kilometres and are dispersed over 3.5 million km.
It is considered one of the countries most susceptible to climate change and the consequent increase in ocean levels.

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South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa. With over 59 million peoole, it is the world's 23rd-most populous nation and covers an area of 1,221,037 square kilometres (471,445 square miles). South Africa has three capital cities: executive Pretoria, judicial Bloemfontein and legislative Cape Town. The largest city is Johannesburg. About 80% of South Africans are of Black African ancestry, divided among a variety of ethnic groups speaking different African languages. The remaining population consists of Africa's largest communities of European (White South Africans), Asian (Indian South Africans), and Multiracial (Coloured South Africans) ancestry.

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Malta , officially known as the Republic of Malta, is a Southern European island country consisting of an archipelago in the Mediterranean Sea. With a population of about 515,000 over an area of 316 km2, Malta is the world's tenth smallest country in area and fourth most densely populated sovereign country. Its capital is Valletta, which is the smallest national capital in the European Union. The official and national language is Maltese, while English serves as the second official language. Malta became a British colony in 1813, serving as a way station for ships and the headquarters for the British Mediterranean Fleet. The British parliament passed the Malta Independence Act in 1964, giving Malta independence from the United Kingdom. The country became a republic in 1974. George Cross is considered to be the most noticeable symbol in the flag of Malta. The motto “for gallantry” is being encircled in the cross. The cross was actually awarded to the whole population of Malta by King George VI after they have exhibited exceptional gallantry and bravery during the World War II.

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Gambia is a small West African country bordering Senegal and has a narrow coastline on the Atlantic. The nation is known for its diverse ecosystems around the Gambia River, which flows at its center. The abundant wildlife present in Kiang West National Park and Bao Bolong Wetland Reserve includes monkeys, leopards, hippos, hyenas and rare birds. The capital Banjul and the neighboring town of

Serrekunda provide access to beaches.

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Lesotho, officially the Kingdom of Lesotho, is an enclaved country within the border of South Africa. It is by far the largest of the world's three independent states completely surrounded by the territory of another country, with Vatican City and San Marino being the other two. Additionally, it is the only such state outside the Italian peninsula, and the only one that is not a microstate. Lesotho is just over 30,000 km2 (11,583 sq mi) and has a population of around 2 million. Its capital and largest city is Maseru. The official languages are Sesotho and English.
Pedro Santos nº20 11ºB

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Liberia, officially the Republic of Liberia, is a country on the West African coast. It is bordered by Sierra Leone to its northwest, Guinea to its north, Ivory Coast to its east, and the Atlantic Ocean to its south-southwest. It has a population of around 5 million and covers an area of 111,369 square kilometres. The country's capital and largest city is Monrovia. English is the official language, but over 20 indigenous languages are spoken, representing the numerous ethnic groups who make up more than 95% of the population.

Rafael Vieira Nº21 11B

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Palau is an island in the western Pacific.The nation has approximately 340 islands and shares maritime boundaries with  international waters to the north, Micronesia to the east, Indonesia to the south, and the Philippines to the west.The country's two official languages are Palauan (a member of the Austronesian language family) and English, with Japanese, Sonsorolese, and Tobian recognized as regional languages.

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Republic of Fiji, is an island country in Melanesia, part of Oceania in the South Pacific Ocean. Fiji consists of an archipelago of more than 330 islands—of which about 110 are permanently inhabited—and more than 500 islets. About 87% of the total population of 883,483 live on the two major islands, Viti Levu and Vanua Levu. English, a remnant of British colonial rule over the islands, was the sole official language until 1997 and is widely used in government, business and education as a lingua franca.
Carolina Sousa 11ºB

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Trinidad and Tobago, officially the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, is the southernmost island country in the Caribbean and is known for it's fossil-fuel wealth. Consisting of two main islands Trinidad and Tobago, and numerous much smaller islands. Trinidad and Tobago has the third-highest GDP per capita based on purchasing power parity (PPP) in the Americas after the United States and Canada. It is recognized by the World Bank as a high-income economy.

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Sierra Leone is a country on the southwest coast of West Africa. It is bordered by Liberia to the southeast and Guinea to the northeast. Sierra Leone has a tropical climate with a diverse environment ranging from savanna to rainforests. The capital and largest city is Freetown. English is the official language used in schools and government administration, however, Krio is the most widely spoken language across Sierra Leone, spoken by 97% of the country's population. Sierra Leone is rich in natural resources, especially diamond, gold, bauxite and aluminum.

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The Marshall Islands is an island country and an associated state of the USA near the Equator in the pacific ocean, slightly west of the International Date Line. Geographically the country is part of the larger island group of Micronesia.The country´s population of 58,413 people is spread out over 29 coral atolls,comprising 156 individual islands and islets.The capital and largest city is Majuro.
The islands share maritime boundaries with Wake Island to the north,Kiribati to the southeast,Nauru to the south,and Federated States of Micronesia to the west.
Rodrigo Ferreira nº24 11B

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The Republic of Nauru is a microstate located in Oceania, located northeast of the Solomon Islands, southeast of the Federate Estates of Micronesia and south of the Marshall Islands.
Nauru is formed by a single island with 24 square kilometers, making it the third smallest country in the world, and the world´s smallest republic. With a population around 10 600 residents, it also has the second smallest population in the world.

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Singapora is a sovereign island city-state in maritime Southeast Asia. The country`s territory is composed of one main island, 63 satellite islands and islets, and one outlying islets. The country has almost 5.7 million residents. There are four official languages of Singapore: English, Malay, Chinese and Tamil, but their main one is English.

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Eswatini, sometimes written in English as eSwatini, and formerly and still commonly known in English as Swaziland, is a
landlocked country in Southern Africa. At no more than 200 kilometres north to south and 130 kilometres east to west, Eswatini is one of the smallest countries in Africa; despite this, its climate and topography are diverse, ranging from a cool and mountainous highveld to a hot and dry lowveld. The population is composed primarily of ethnic Swazis and the prevalent language is Swazi.

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Barbados is a sovereign island country in the Lesser Antilles of Central America, being the most eastern country in the Caribbean. It is 34 kilometers long and 23 kilometers wide, covering an area of ​​432 km². The nation was discovered by Spanish navigators in the late 15th century, entering the domain of the Spanish Crown. Barbados was first identified on a Spanish map from 1511. The Portuguese began to visit the island after 1536, but did not occupy it. In 1966, Barbados became an independent state and Commonwealth of Nations, maintaining Queen Elizabeth II as head of state. The country has a population of 284,996 inhabitants.

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Ghana, a nation on the Gulf of Guinea in West Africa, is known for its varied wildlife, ancient forts and secluded beaches like Busua. The coastal towns of Elmina and Cape Coast have posubans (native shrines), colonial buildings and castles turned museums that were once the scene of the slave trade. North of Cape Coast, in the expansive Kakum National Park, you can walk on a footbridge through the forest canopy.

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Grenada is an island country in the West Indies in the Caribbean Sea at the south Grenadines island chain and northeast of Venezuela. Grenada consists on two main islands, Carriacou and Petit Martinique, and some smaller islands.
Grenada size is arround 348,5 km² and have a estimated population of 112,523 in July of 2020.
Grenada independence, was granted on 7 February 1974 ,under the leadership of Eric Gairy, who, after, became the first Prime Minester of Grenada.
A curiosity about Grenada is that male homosexuality is ilegal there.

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Rwanda is a country of Eastern Africa without coast and with a green and montainous landscape. The famous Vulcan National park gives shelter to mountain gorillas and golden monkeys. The park extends to Mount Karisimbi, with 4.507 meters of altitude, and 4 other vulcans that are covered with forests. In the southeast there is the National Park of Nyungwe, with an old tropical montainous forest that is the habitat of chimpazees and other primates.
Carina Almeida nº6 11ºC

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India is located between the East and the West Asia. The trans Indian Ocean routes, connect the countries in the East of Asia and the countries in the West of Europe, providing a strategic central location to India. English is considered a native language in India, whereas the most spoken language is Hindi.

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Nigeria is a country in West Africa. It is a a federal republic comprising 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory. The official language is English, chosen to facilitate linguistic unity at the national level. Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa and the seventh-most populous country in the world, with an estimated population of 206 milion.

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Ireland  is an island in the North Atlantic. It is separated from Great Britain to its east by the North Channel, the Irish Sea, and St George's Channel. Ireland is the second-largest island of the British Isles, the third-largest in Europe, and the twentieth-largest on Earth.
Irish Culture has had a significant influence on other cultures, especially in the field of literature. The island's culture shares many features with that of Great Britain, including the English language, and sports such as association football, rugby, horse racing, and golf.

Joel Matos Nº16 11ºB

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Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is a country in the Caribbean located in the Lesser Antilles. Its 389 km² territory consists of the island of São Vicente and the two thirds north of the Grenadines chain.
The island of São Vicente is volcanic and densely wooded, and includes little ground level. The windward side of the island is very rocky and steep, while the leeward side has more beaches and bays. The highest peak in São Vicente is the volcano La Soufrière, with 1,234 meters.

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bandeira da Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

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The Philippines is an archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. It is situated in the western Pacific Ocean, and consists of about 7,640 islands, that are broadly categorized under three main geographical divisions from north to south: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. The Philippines is bounded by the South China Sea to the west, the Philippine Sea to the east, and the Celebes Sea to the southwest, and shares maritime borders with Taiwan to the north.

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Mauritius, officially the Republic of Mauritius, is an island nation in the Indian Ocean about 2,000 kilometres (1,200 mi) off the southeast coast of the African continent, east of Madagascar. It includes the main island (also called Mauritius), as well as Rodrigues, Agaléga and St. Brandon. The population of the Island is approximately 1,200,000 made up principally by people of European, African, Indian and Chinese origin. Mauritius takes pride in the fact that these different cultures co-exist in peace and succeed in creating a cultural entity that is distinctly Mauritian.
The British ruled Mauritius for 158 years until 12 March 1968 when it became an independent country within the Commonwealth. It became a republic in 1992. The Republic of Mauritius is a Westminster style democracy. The President is the Head of State and Commander in Chief. Full executive power rests with the Prime Minister who is Head of Government. The Members of Parliament are elected every five years by popular vote and a number of political parties contest the elections, reflecting the country's firm commitment to a multi-party political system.
English is the official language. However, the Mauritian population is largely bilingual, being equally fluent in English and French. Creole is also spoken and understood by everyone.

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Micronesia is a subregion of Oceania, comprising thousands of small islands in the western Pacific Ocean. It has a close shared cultural history with three other island regions—the Philippines to the west, Polynesia to the east, and Melanesia to the south—as well as with the wider community of Austronesian peoples. Even sharing their cultural history with other countries, they do not have the same official languages as these three countries, but English.

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Canada is a country that occupies much of North America and extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west. It is the second largest country in the world in total area, surpassed only by Russia, and its common border with the United States, in the south and northwest, is the longest land border in the world.

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The Bahamas is an archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean whose terrain originates from corals. The country has more than 700 island and islets, many uninhabited and others full of resorts.
The Bahamas is one of the richest countries in America

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Namíbia is a country in Southern Africa on the Atlantic Coast. It is bordered by Angola, Zambia, and Zimbabwe to the north, Botswana to the east, and South Africa to the south. Before gaining it's independence, Namíbia was called South West Africa. Namibia is world famous for the highest dunes in the world at Sossusvlei and for the Etosha National Park, one of world’s greatest conservation areas.

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Samoa is a country in western Samoan group in Polynesia. Many of these islands have beaches surrounded by reefs and rugged relief interiors with tropical forests and gorges. Among these islands we find Upolu, which is where the majority of Samoa's population lives, and Savai'i, one of the largest islands in the South Pacific. The smaller islands may have small villages or even be uninhabited, some with wildlife shrines

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Uganda, oficially Republic of Uganda or of Uganda, is a country without connection to the sea on the East of Africa. This country makes frontier in the east with Kenya, in the north with South Sudan, in the west with Democratic Republic of Congo, in the southeast it also makes frontier with Rwanda and in the south with Tanzania. Uganda is the second country without coast most populous on the African continent. The south part of the country includes an small parcel of the Victoria Lake, sharing it with Kenya and Tanzania, making it part of the region of large African lakes. Uganda also is located within the Nile, and it has a varied climate, but generally it has a Savannah climate.
Tiago Castela nº21

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Kenya, officially the Republic of Kenya is a country located in Eastern Africa. Despite having been established a protectorate by the British Empire in 1895, Kenya´s first European contact was made by the Portuguese Empire in 1500.

It is considered the third largest economy in sub-Saharan Africa, yet, most of it´s population still lives in poverty. This country has 68 spoken languages, being English and Swahili the only official ones.

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Guyana , officially the Co‑operative Republic of Guyana,is a country on the northern mainland of South America and the capital city is Georgetown. Guyana is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the north, Brazil to the south and southwest, Venezuela to the west, and Suriname to the east.

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Malawi, officially the republic of Malawi, is a country in East Africa, bordered to the north and east by Tanzania, to the east, south and west by Mozambique and to the west by Zambia. Its capital is Lilongué.
The capital Lilongué is a region of strong industrial pole in the areas of agriculture and tourism, and to a lesser extend livestock.
Part of the eastern region of the country is bathed by Lake Niassa and English is your official language.

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The official language of Botswana is English although Setswana is widely spoken across the country. The country is predominantly flat, tending toward gently rolling tableland. Botswana is dominated by the Kalahari Desert, which covers up to 70% of its land surface. The Okavango Delta, one of the world's largest inland deltas, is in the northwest. The Makgadikgadi Pan, a large salt pan, lies in the north. In June 1964, the United Kingdom accepted proposals for a democratic self-government in Botswana. An independence conference was held in London in February 1966

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Belize is a Caribbean country located on the northeastern coast of Central America. Belize is bordered on the north by Mexico, on the east by the Caribbean Sea, and on the south and west by Guatemala.
Belize has a diverse society that is composed of many cultures and languages that reflect its rich history. It is the only Central American country where English is the official language.