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Present Perfect

What? Action (finished) in the past

When? Is not known, irrelevant, vague

Cause is the past action

The effect has to be logical and is always in the present

Cause —> effect (that is logical)

Cause (in the past) - you have cut your hair (we say this)

Effect - your hair is short (we usually don’t say this)

e.g. I have seen the film.

I have cut my hair. (Cause) effect: is logical

Periods that go until now

Today, this morning, this year: is not over.

Have you had a coffee today, yet?

Yes, I have. No, I haven’t.

have you had your coffee this morning? its before noon
did you have your coffee this morning? afternoon, evening
noon=12:00

have you had a concert this semester? general question
have you had a concert this semester, yet? expectation

Experiences in life: from birth till now

E.g. I have jumped from a plane before.

Limbs

Ballroom dancing

Indoors vs outdoors

Indoor climbing

I like the outdoors/nature

Signal words: if you use these, only use Pres. Perf.

I have recently moved to Vienna.
I have moved to Vienna, quite recently I may add. (spoken)

Recently: not long ago, vague time reference

I have recently moved to Vienna. (In the last 3 months)

We have recently started using mobile phones. (in the last 15 years)

Thank you, I’m not hungry. I have recently had lunch. (in the last half hour)

Already:  earlier than expected, POSITIVE

I have already eaten. I’ve eaten already.

Just: not long ago, rather spoken, POSITIVE

I have just eaten. I have just received your email.

Yet: speaker expects something, QUESTONS, NEGATIVE

Have you done your HW, yet? Elisabeth: no, I have not done it, yet.

For/since: periods until now

I have lived here for 2y/since January.

For - a period that goes until now (for 5 months)

Since - starting from a specific time (since March/5pm/2015)

I have been in Vienna since 20 years. INCORRECT

Up until now: I have never tried eating something strange (up) until now.

Ever/never: I never lived here before. I have never live here.

Today: I have not had a coffee today yet.

This week/month/year….: I have not seen any people this week. (Corona news)

I have seen the film.
I've not had breakfast yet.

Now: at this moment,
I've lived here for 10 years now.

I teach German for 5 years now. INCORRECT
I am teaching English (right now).

She has taught German here for over 5 years now. (Now she teaches German.)

I have lived in Vienna for 10 years now. (Now I live in Vienna.)

Is the radio still broken?

I have repaired the radio. Result: radio is fixed.

I have been repairing the radio for the last 2 days. Your hands are dirty, you are still repairing.

I have lived/been living here for 5 years.

I have eaten already. (Ich habe schon gegessen)

I have been eating for 2 hours. (Ich esse jetzt schon seit 2 stunden)

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Here is a list of words and prepositions for your reference.

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Lesson #3 on 31.03.22

Please don't move or delete files here!

Thank you ;-)

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Pres Perf Cont - war und bin noch Immer am machen

Action may or may not be finished

Last relevant action

How long + present perf.

Concentrates more on the activity NOT the result

Periods up until now

The room has been cancelled.

What have you done? - was hast du gemacht/erledigt/angerichtet

What have you been doing (how long/ in the last 2 months)? -

was best du und warst am machen (in den letzten 2 Monaten)

How long did you live in NY? I lived there for 5 years.

How long have you been studying? I have been studying for 5 years.

I have had 2 coffees today.

I have been drinking this coffee for 20 min.

Drink/eat - have

I have grown up in London. Logical Result in present: adult, live in LDN, childhood…..

I grew up in LDN. I know nothing about the present.

I have learned English in Vienna - finished/completed task

I have been learning Mozart

Learn - completed, passive action, rather natural learning process

Study - look at something with great detail, active action (einstudieren)

To play Mozart you have to study

I had been painting my flat 5 years ago.

I finished writing the letter before you came home.

When you came home last night, I had still been paining the bedroom, so we had to sleep outside.

Have been - connected to the present

I painted the room 5 years ago.

When you came back to Vienna, I had been painting the room for 5 years. Painting before for 5 y

When you came back, I was painting. 2 actions at the same time.

You came back 2 months ago. I have been paining the room since then/for 2 months.

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I have changed it to Excel and you should all be able to open it now

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Past Simple: did

finished actions/completed actions/tasks

Finished periods

Detailed Time reference (yesterday, last night)/short and long periods

General past/facts

1 completed action after another (1, 2, 3…..)

Stories and reports about the past

Chronological order of events

Ex.: Last night when I came home I ate, listened to music, drank wine, then I went to bed.

What did you do at 5:15pm? WRONG!!!

What did you in the afternoon? YES

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Past Continuous: was doing + a)did / b)time ref.

For details in stories

a) 2+ actions happening at one moment in the past

1. Shorter action - did

2. Longer action - was doing (process)

Yesterday when I came home Lisa was reading a book while also listening to music.

Last night when I came home I made dinner. While eating, I was listening to music and drinking wine.

b) very detailed time reference

What were you doing at 5pm?

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Used-to: used to do /  didn’t use to do (früher)

I did it in the past but I don’t do it now

I didn’t do in the past but I do it now

To contrast/compare past with present

Past is always the logical opposite to the present

Past hobbies, habits, repeated actions NOT single actions. I used to play the piano

Past facts (from present simple) I used to live in Madrid.

Use without time reference

To compare past and present:

I used to play….. now I don’t play

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You can do exercises below, but also if you scroll down the column "Past Simple/Con. + Used to", you will find a few more pages for you to do if you like. Please do as much as you have time for!

Also in the books in the message board you can do these units

English Grammar in Use:
Unit 6 (p. 13) Past Continuous]
Unit 18 (p. 37) Used to

English Grammar in Use Supplementary Exercises:
mixed exercises with all tree tenses
47/48 (p.30)
49/50 (p.31)
51 9 (p.32)

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Please put your HW here by clicking on the + and uploading it there and please write your name in title!

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English Grammar in Use - Supplementary Exercises (5th Edition)

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Heey you all, this is the pre-save link: https://orcd.co/dubh

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Heey you all, this is the pre-save link: https://orcd.co/dubh

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thank you SO much! Apparently this and also following the site at streaming services is worth quite a lot for an artist and also makes sure you don't miss new music being released. I learned that yesterday :D The first time presaving something you often have to log in at for example spotify, but after that it's every time just 2 clicks.
SO in general - that's a good (and easy!) thing for supporting artists you like!

I'll also post that and the link in the WhatsApp Group, maybe it's easier on the phone  :-)

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FUTURE

1. Present Simple: things, objects

——————————

1. Present Continuous: 100%

2. Going to future: 75%

3. Will future: 50% , 50/50

I go to Spain next month. Not good!!!

1. Present Simple:

Things, objects

Schedules

Timetables

NOT for personal plans

E.g. The train arrives at 5:25pm.

What time do you finish work? Regular time

1. Present Continuous: 100%

People and their personal plans

100% plan: decided, planned and !!!!! arranged !!!!

Just before you do something, announcing smth before you do it

Don’t use ‘maybe’

I am staying at home tonight. There is no chance.

e.g. I am going to Spain on Tuesday at 5pm. My flight leaves at 5:05.

I am meeting Steve tomorrow at 3pm at the Loft. The loft closes at 10pm.

1. Going to Future: 75%

People and their personal plans

75% plan: decided, planned !!! Intended !!!

Don’t use ‘maybe’

e.g. I am going to stay at home tonight. I don’t intent on going, but there is a chance

Predictions in the future: 75%

Based on the facts/things in present that you see/ evidence in present

professional opinion based on facts

Promise

e.g. It is going to rain. (I can see the black clouds)

You are going to have an accident if you drive like that.

It is going to get better.

I am going to buy a new car. That is my intention

The car is very expensive. I can’t afford it.

3.1. Failed intentions: in the past

I was going to buy a new car, but it was too expensive.

I was going to fly to Korea, but then corona happened.

1. Will Future: 50% people and things

No plan

No decision

Spontaneous decision

Maybe, perhaps

Predictions in the future 50%

Based on opinion and experience

Not a professional opinion

Hopefully

1. Shall: (usually for questions)

Like ‘will’

Offers, questions

Usually: only with ‘I’ or ‘We’

Asking for opinion

Ironically

asking if it’s ok

Offer to help:

Shall I help you?

Should he come over to help?

Would you like Steve to come and help?

Should I open the window? -rather asking for permission

Could I open the window? - asking for permission

May I open the window? - kid asking for permission

Can I open the window? - stronger, more confident

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We have looked at Present Perfect Simple today and here are some exercises:

English Grammar in Use: (the book is in the Message Board)
Unit 7 (p. 15)
Unit 8 (p. 17)
Unit 13 (p. 27)
Unit 14 (p. 29)

I would like you to try these first before I give you more mixed exercises. Please let me know how you get on.

I wish you a wonderful weekend.

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https://breakingnewsenglish.com/2201/220103-2021-in-review.pdf

Read the 2 paragraphs and look at the exercises. There are many so pick a few and do those. The answers are all the way down the page.