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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NeN_TaF3Ebo

http://www.stampcommunity.org/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=22409&whichpage=3

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Bartolome-de-Las-Casas

http://www.abolishcolumbusday.com/bartolome-de-las-casas.html

http://latinamericanhistory.about.com/od/coloniallatinamerica/p/lascasas1.htm

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"Christ did not give the church power over pagans to annoy, persecute, afflict, and arouse them to riot and sedition, and to the hatred of the Christian Religion, but only the power of gentleness, service, kindness, and the words of the gospel to encourage them to put on the gentle yoke of Christ"
-Fray Bartolomé de las Casas

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Without Fray Bartolomé de las Casas, it is clear the Natives would have continued to be abused and in vast numbers. Although Bartolomé de las Casas did not completely abolish the encomienda system or end the mistreatment of Natives as a whole, he began to make many question the validity and practice of abusing the Native peoples. Today, because of his work, Native populations are free to practice their culture that Bartolomé de las Casas valued so much.

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Presentación Sulema Reyes en Fray Bartolome de las Casas

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La Controversia de Valladolid Jean Danielle

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VISITA: www.cndh.tv Fray Bartolomé de las Casas fue un fraile español que procuró y protegió los derechos de los indígenas. En la Nueva España fue nombrado "Procurador o protector universal de todos los indios de las Indias". Derechos de los pueblos y comunidades indígenas.

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During his life, Bartolomé de las Casas had spent a large amount of time in present day Guatemala, a place where he felt the Natives were very oppressed. Looking back, it is clear that his legacy remains as many erect statues of him. In addition, his name and face is on certain stamps, coins, and buildings across many parts of Central and South America where he had served.

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Fruitful Time in the Life of Fray Bartolomé de las Casas 

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Fruitful Time in the Life of Fray Bartolomé de las Casas 

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Bartolomé de las Casas soon joined the Council of the Indies and wrote "memoriales" (petitions) for adding or removing laws in order to benefit the Native populations. Bartolomé de las Casas argued with Juan Gires De Sepulveda as they led a court discussion entitled: "Democrates Segundo; o. de las justes causas de la guerra con los indianos" (Concerning the just cause of the war against the Indians). Bartolomé de las Casas was upset by the philosophy used by Juan Gires de Supulveda. Supulveda used Aristotle's theory of natural slavery to argue: "Indians are inferior to Spaniards as children and women are inferior to men". Believing in equality, Bartolomé de las Casas argued for not only the Natives to be equal to the Spanish, but for Spanish men and women to be considered equal as well. Soon, Bartolomé de las Casas became an advisor to king Charles V of Spain and Spanish Parliment. During this time, he made efforts to help the Natives aquire the rights they deserved though no more official documents are passed until after his death

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Fray Bartolomé de las Casas succeeded when the "Leyes Nuevas" (New Laws) were signed by king Charles. The laws made it so that Encomienda Natives could have children free of Spanish rule. Before, generations could pass before a single Native is given his or her freedom.

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Translated Quote from "Brevisima Relacion de la Destruccion de las Indias" 

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Translated Quote from "Brevisima Relacion de la Destruccion de las Indias" 

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"The reason why the Christians have killed and destroyed such an infinite number of souls is that they have been moved by their wish for gold and desire to enrich themselves in a very short time"
-Fray Bartolomé de las Casas

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During the time period from 1531-1535,  Bartolomé de las Casas spent many days in Madrid, where he accused people in "The Council of the Indies" of oppressing the Natives rights. He soon began drafting "De Unico Modo" (The only Way). In this work, he explains the benefits that would be reached if the Spanish befriended the Natives. After publishing his work, he set out to Golfo Dulce in Costa Rica (Sweet Gulf shown at right) in order to aid an area of high conflict with the Natives. While aiding there, he manages to create "Brevisima Relacion de la Destruccion de las Indias" (A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies). This work further explains the path Spanish Christians have taken.

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"The Spaniards forced their way into Native Settlements, slaughtering everyone they found there, including small children, old men, pregnant women, and even women who had just given birth. They hacked them to pieces, slicing open their stomachs with swords as they were so many sheep herded into a pen."
- Fray Bartolomé de las Casas

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In Santo Domingo, he began drafting "Historia Apolegetica", his most famous work. In it, he argues that god will soon destroy Spain out of anger. His point is that the Spanish should continue finding gold and silver, but without abusing the Indians during the process. Bartolomé de las Casas also insists that the book is not published until after his death in order to prevent further arguing between himself and the Spanish Government.

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Bartolomé de las Casas was often illustrated working at his desk because of the immense time he put into writing and creating resolutions to benefit the Indians.

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Bartolomé de las Casas argues with Spanish Parliament located in Barcelona to create "towns of free Indians". His plan was to create co-joint towns of both Spanish Settlers and Natives that would work together and realize the importance of the other side's values. This colony was going to be established on the gulf of Paria in present day northern Venezuela. His dream was short lived when he realized that he had not recruited enough farmers and that the Natives had launched an attack to settlers just weeks before the establishment was due to be built.

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During his first trip to Hispanola, Bartolomé de las Casas took part in the "Bloody Cuban Conquest". After the conquest, he was granted Indian serfs from a nearby town. On August 15th, 1514, he gave a sermon where he refused the Indian serfs and sets them free. He returned to Spain in 1515 to address the issue directly. He spoke with an archbishop by the name of "Francisco Jimerez de Cisneros" and the two began drafting the "Plan para la reformation de las Indias". He was appointed to be the procurator of the Indians and returns to the Americas again in November 1516.

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Bartolomé de las Casas working with a Native

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Bartolomé de las Casas working with a Native

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In 1502,  Bartolomé de las Casas left for Hispanola (Present day Haiti and Dominican Republic Shown on left). While there, he served on expeditions and was granted an Encomienda. Encomiendas were labor systems used by the Spanish crown to abuse, harass, and take advantage of local Indian populations. They forced the Natives to plant crops, build houses, and do any other type of work that was difficult. Accompanied by tough labor were poor conditions and horrible Spanish owners. Often times, Natives would be killed and tortured for fun or entertainment. Bartolomé de las Casas recalls in one of his memoirs "A boat could sail from the Bahamas to Haiti without a compass or chart, guiding itself solely by the trail of dead Indians who had been thrown from the ships". It was in Hispaniola that he began to care about the treatment of the Native peoples.

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This illustration shows what type of work was done by Fray Bartolomé de las Casas.

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-Unknown birth date (Could be anywhere from 1474 to 1484)
-Born in Sevilla, Spain
-Son of a merchant
-Studied Latin in and around cathedrals in Sevilla
-First Spanish Missionary to call for the abolition of slavery for the Native Americans in Central and South America
-Died July 1566 in Madrid, Spain

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Essential Question: What additional oppression and hate would the Native Americans have Faced if not for Fray Bartolomé de las Casas?