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OBJECTIVES:
*Enumerate the events that caused westerners to go to Asia.
*Identify the nations that led the exploration and colonization.
*Discuss the establishment of colonies by westerners in Asia.
*Define mercantilism.
*Describe the effects of the first stage of imperialism.

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*Amerigo Vespucci
*Jose Basco Y Vargas
*Ferdinand Magellan
*Christopher Columbus
*King Humabon
*Queen Juana

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*Robert Clive
*Prince Henry
*Bartholomew Diaz
*Alberto Albuquerque
*Elizabeth I
*Prince Henry VII
*King Henry VII

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A. Routes in Asia
B. Competition between Spain and Portugal
C. Establishment of Colonies
D. Mercantilism
E. Effects of the First Stage of Imperialism

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France succeeded in establishing colonies in North America, Africa, and the Caribbean. They established the French East India Company in 1664 in an attempt to acquire territories in India. They were able to open commercial communities in Pondicherry and French communities in Chandarnagore, Karikal, and Mahe. Because of the warpreviouslymentioned in which the England. In time, even Quebec in Canada and some territories in Africa and the Caribbean went to England

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King Henry VII sent John Cabot to sail to Asia. It was Henry's granddaughter, Elizabeth I, who made England a powerful maritime empire because Henry VII' s son, Henry VIII, was not interested in overseas colonization. Elizabeth supported young captains such as Francis Drake, John Hawkins, and Walter Raleigh. In 1600, the English East India Company was established to search for lands to trade with. By the middle of the 17th century, wars between England and France erupted. It was caused by their competition over territories in North America, India, and the Caribbean. The most important of these wars was the Seen Years War (1756-1763). In 1757, Robert Clive of England won in the Battle of Plassey against the combined forces of France and Bengal. This put an end to the desire of France to invade India. India was placed under England's control for many years

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The Dutch took advantage of the decline of the Portuguese Empire and took over the latter's colonies. Dutch merchants established an organization called the Dutch East India Company in 1602. They spent a huge amount of money to send expeditions to Asia, whose purpose was to trade. The Dutch successfully invaded the Moluccas, Batavia (now Jakarta, Indonesia), and Malacca. They replaced the Portuguese in controlling the Southeast Asian trade network. The English tried to acquire some trade communities in Moluccas but the Dutch forced them to leave. England then focused its attention on India in South Asia.

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The Spaniards and Portuguese were not the only nations to have the interest to reach Asia. The British, Dutch, and French likewise sailed and set up their colonies in Asia.

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From the 16th century to the end of the 18th century, Europe's economic policy called mercantilism was widely practiced. This was because of the economic growth and the power of the Europeans. Mercantilism means that the basis of wealth of a nation is based on the amount of bullion it had. Bullion is the total amount of gold and silver that have not underwent the process of purification. The basis of wealth of leaders then was the wealth of the royal court and the strength of the army. Leaders without money could not afford these two things. The way to be able to finance these standards was to intensify trade, especially export. This made the colonies of importance to the colonizers. First, colonies were sources of raw materials and second, the colonies were also the market of the colonizers' goods.

In fact, mercantilism triggered hostilities between and among European nations as they aggressively competed for territories abroad. This competition reached Asia and totally changed the lives of the people.

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The Westerners exerted much effort to spread their religion in Asia. The Portuguese spread Catholicism in Goa and in the other islands of Southeast Asia. The Spaniards, on the other hand, immediately converted the Filipinos to Catholicism by baptizing Rajah Humabon of Cebu and his wife Juana on April 1521. The spread of Christianism in the Philippines resulted to significant changes in the culture of the country. On the other hand, the Dutch required women to convert to Christianism before getting married and that they should raise their children as Christians. The desire of the westerners to gain converts for their religion caused hostilities among the colonies. This led to fighting and deaths.

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Governor-General Jose Basco Y Vargas implemented monopoly of tobacco in the Philippines. Filipinos were forced to prioritized planting tobacco instead of planting food for their daily needs. This rule was created to fund the Spanish government. As expected, only the Spaniards profited from this . On the other hand, the Dutch strictly required the colonies to plant spices. Private lands were prohibited from doing so because the harvests from these might compete with the spices of the government. Just like in the Philippines, the colonies of the Dutch neglected planting crops for their daily needs.

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The Spaniards launched in the Philippines the Manila-Acapulco trade also known as the Galleon Trade. The Portuguese, on the other hand controlled the Malacca Strait located in between the peninsula of Malaysia and the island of Sumatra in Indonesia. Merchants usually pass this route. Spices were the most in-demand product in this trade network, however, only the westerners benefited from this. This system negatively affected the colonies like what happened in the Philippines where the Filipinos suffered.

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EFFECTS OF THE FIRST STAGE OF IMPERIALISM

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EFFECTS OF THE FIRST STAGE OF IMPERIALISM

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The arrival of the westerners in Asia affected the colonies. Despite the difference in the experiences of colonies such as the Philippines, Goa, Moluccas, and Batavia, the results of these were the same for all of them. The effects became more intense as a result of mercantilism.

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1415,Portugal invaded the city of Ceuta in North AfriIn ca. Many historians considered this as the start of exploration. The Portuguese learned that Africa has many sources of gold. Prince Henry sent ship captains to exchange goods such as gold and fish. At the back of this trade is the motive of searching for new route to the East

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Perry, thAccording to Marvine first three reasons of exploration and colonization were God,gold,glory.The advancement of navigation is one of the most important factors which intensified the exploration of other territories.

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The spirit of Renaissance helped launch the age of exploration and colonization. The ship captains explored unfamiliar places. They were motivated by power and fame.

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The Spread of Christianity was one of the reasons why the westerns traveled to diff. parts of the world. The spirit of the crusades continued to dwell in them.

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The rise of the merchant class in Europe

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The rise of the merchant class in Europe

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Many European merchants funded the expeditions that explored lands and ocean to look for the markets. Many of the leaders of the European nations owed big amount of money from rich merchants and bankers.

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The coming of westerners
to Asia was caused by many reasons. Nonetheless, their arrival marked another, stage in the history of Asia.

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Economics is the initial motive of the westerners in going to Asia. The search for gold and spices led them to the continent. Products such as sugar and silk are from Asia.

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The knowledge gathered by Prince Henry helped Portugal to lead in the exploration of the oceans. Other European nations followed Portugal and some of them, especially Spain, became Portugal's competitor.