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In Plessy v. Feonrgus, the United States Supreme Court established the "Separate but Equal Doctrine," holding that legal racial segregation does not violate the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment.

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Unconstitutional. The United States Supreme Court ruled in Civil Rights Cases of 1883 that the Civil Rights Act of 1875 was unconstitutional. The Court ruled that the 14th Amendment prohibited states, but not citizens, from discriminating. This civil rights reversal was devastating for African Americans.

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In 1882 at least 49 blacks were lynched. 3,438 were lynched between the years 1882-1951.

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Thousands of southern blacks frustrated with discrimination and poverty in the South emigrated to the West. They met hostility from western whites and Native Americans. This is sometimes called the Exodus of 1879.

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American Reconstruction (1865-1877). Congress passed the Civil Rights Act. It prohibited discrimination in public places of amusement.

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(American Slavery) -December 6, 1863 (Slavery is outlawed the 13th amendment to the Constitution