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5. The Hamilton Mausoleum in South Lanarkshire has the longest echo of any man-made structure in the world; a whole 15 seconds.

6. Scotland has more than 600 square miles of freshwater lakes, including the famous Loch Ness.

7. The capital of Scotland, Edinburgh, is only its second largest city, after Glasgow.

8. Edinburgh was the first city in the world which had its own fire brigade.

9. Like Rome, Edinburgh (pictured below) was built on seven hills and the capital has more listed buildings than anywhere in the world.

10. Scotland had its own monarch until 1603. After Elizabeth I died, James VI of Scotland also became James I of England, ruling both countries.

11. St Andrews Links is considered the "home of golf"; the sport has been played there since the 15th century.

12. Queen Victoria is reputed to have smoked cigarettes during her visits to the Highlands of Scotland to keep away midges.

13.Edinburgh was home to Skye terrier Grey Friar's Bobby, who captured the hearts of the nation by sitting on the grave of his dead owner for 14 years.

14.Scotland is currently the second largest country in the UK, after England.

15. The highest point in Scotland is Ben Nevis, (pictured below) at 4,406ft (1343m)

16.The motto of Scotland is " Nemo me impune lacessit ", or: "No one provokes me with impunity". It is used by the Order of the Thistle and on later versions of the Royal coat of arms.

17. The country is a favourite with the Royal family, who holiday at Balmoral castle in Royal Deeside.

18. In the north east of the country, girls are called " quines" and boys " louns ".

19. The very first recorded appearance of the elusive Loch Ness Monster occurred in 565 AD, when a " water beast " attacked one of St. Columba's followers in the loch. '''

20. Scottish city Aberdeen is known as Europe's oil capital, or the "Granite City".

21. The deepest loch in Scotland, Loch Morar, reaches 1,077ft (328m) down and is ranked the seventeenth deepest lake in the world.

22. Scotland's smallest distillery, Edradour in Pitlochry, has 100,000 visitors per year but produces just 90,000 litres of malt whisky.

23. It is home to the oldest tree in Europe (pictured below), a twisted yew which has stood in Fortingall for 3,000 years. According to local legend, Pontius Pilate was born in its shade and played there as a child

24. The raincoat was invented in1824 in Scotland by Charles Macintosh, a chemist born in Glasgow. In Great Britain, the garment is still called a "Mac".

25. The official religion of Scotland is Christianity, with churches traditionally being called "kirks".

26. Scotland gained independence in 1314, after Robert the Bruce (pictured below) defeated the English army at the Battle of Bannockburn.

27. The Kingdom of Scotland remained as an independent state until 1 May 1707, when the Acts of Union joined it with England, in the United Kingdom of Great Britain.

28. Since July 1, 1999, Scotland has its own parliament, for the first time since 1707.

29. The country has an area of 30,414 square miles (78,772 km²)

30. The total population is around 5.2 million, around 8.5 per cent of the UK's population.

31. The country has approximately 167.5 people living per square mile.

32. There are as many Scottish people living in North America as in Scotland, with censuses in the United States and Canada identifying around five million people claiming Scottish ancestry.

33. The country still has its own legal system, separate from England, Wales, and Northern Ireland. Juries can return verdict of "guilty", "not guilty" and "not proven."

34. The Bank of Scotland, founded in 1695, is the oldest surviving bank in the UK. It was also the first bank in Europe to print its own bank notes.

35. Famous Scottish inventions include the television, developed by John Logie Baird in 1925, the telephone by Alexander Graham Bell (pictured below) in 1876 and penicillin, by Alexander Fleming in 1928.

36. The first teaching hospital in America, the Baltimore Infirmary was founded by a Glasgow surgeon, Granville Sharp Pattison, in 1816.

37. Scotland has three officially recognised languages: English, Scots and Scottish Gaelic, with just one per cent of the population using the last.

38. It is home to 19 universities and institutes of higher educatio n, including St Andrews, where the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge met. They returned last year (see video below)

39. Scotland has about the same land area as the Czech Republic, the United Arab Emirates, Panama, the US state of Maine, or the Japanese island of Hokkaido.

40. The two first Prime Ministers of Canada, John A. Macdonald (1815-1891) and Alexander Mackenzie (1822-1892), were Scottish.

41. One of Scotland's most famous products, whisky, was actually invented in China. It was first distilled by monks in Ireland in the early 15th century, before reaching Scotland 100 years later.

42. The most infamous Scottish dish is haggis,(pictured below) normally made with the heart, liver, and lungs of a sheep, traditionally boiled in the animal's stomach. It is not known where it originated, but a similar dish was mentioned in Greece 2,500 years ago.

43. Scotland has spawned some of the greatest thinkers of the modern age, including Adam Smith, James Watt, David Hume and John Stuart Mill.

44. Notable Scottish inventions include the method of logarithms (1614), tarmac (1820) and the pneumatic tyre (1887).

45. Many of Scotland's most famous inventions - kilts, tartans and bagpipes - were actually developed elsewhere. Kilts originated in Ireland, tartans have been found in Bronze Age central Europe and bagpipes are thought to have come from ancient central Asia.

46. Famous names from Scottish literature include: Sir Walter Scott, Lord Byron and Sir Arthur Conan Doyle.

47. The flag of Scotland is known as the saltire (pictured below) or St. Andrews Cross.

48. The flower of Scotland is the thistle.

49. Scotland has the highest proportion of redheads in the world. Around 13 per cent of the population has red hair, with 40 per cent carrying the recessive gene.

50. The first official international football match was played at the West of Scotland Cricket Club in Partick in 1872, between Scotland and England.

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Scottish referendum: 50 fascinating facts you should know about Scotland

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5. The Hamilton Mausoleum in South Lanarkshire has the longest echo of any man-made structure in the world; a whole 15 seconds. 6. Scotland has more than 600 square miles of freshwater lakes, including the famous Loch Ness. 7. The capital of Scotland, Edinburgh, is only its second largest city, after Glasgow.

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Scotland is surrounded by water therefore they can easily trade with other countries. They rely on this, because they are a small country, and could not be self sufficient, because of their lack of natural resources. Which means their model for development is International trade.
Scotland is in the 5th stage of Rostow's model for devlopement, witch is the age of mass consumption.

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Scottish Castle

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This photo is from "Brave Heart" and references one of the many wars for Scotland's independence.

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Picture of Scotland's capital city, Edinburgh

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10 Things You Didn't Know About Scotland

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This shows the roles that women play in Scotland and also includes some famous women from Scotland. The United Kingdom's GDI value is 0.965 and its GDI group is 2. Their GEM rank is 14 and their GEM value is 0.783.

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Elsie Inglis- A leading surgeon and suffragette. She improved maternity facilities and fought for better healthcare for women in Scotland. She set up a maternity hosptial in Edinburgh staffed only by women. During the First World War, she set up hospitals for the troops in Serbia and Russia.

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Social Indicators of Development- Ashley Gauthier 

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Social Indicators of Development- Ashley Gauthier 

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Social Indicators of Development include things such as education, literacy, health, and welfare. Scotland's average school life expectancy rate is a total of 18 years. 17 years for the males, 18 for the females. Scotland's literacy rate is 99%, this is spread evenly among females and males. They have 2.81 physicians per 1,000 population. They have 2.9 hospital beds per 1,000 population.
The link below has information about Scotland's welfare.

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Social security: Scottish Welfare Fund - gov.scot

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Information on the income-related benefits for which we are responsible.

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Demographic Indicators of Development -Jackson Storch

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Demographic Indicators of Development -Jackson Storch

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There are a few indicators that show which development stage countries are in. These indicators include life expectancy, natural increase rate, infant mortality rate, and crude birth rate. Here are some indicators of why Scotland is considered an MDC. Because Scotland is not considered and independent country the statistics are for the UK
- Life Expectancy: 80.7 years male: 78.5 years female: 83 years

-Infant Mortality Rate- 9.5/1000 as of 2016
-Natural Increase Rate-7.885% as of 2015
-Crude Birth Rate-12.20/1000 as of 2013

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GDP by sector of origin:
- Agriculture: 0.6% (First Sector)
- Industry: 19.2% (Second Sector)
- Services: 80.2% (Third Sector)
Labor Force: 33.17 million
- Agriculture: 1.3% (First)
- Industry: 15.2% (Second)
- Services: 83.5% (Third)

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The green, hilly, landscape, and stone castles of Scotland hold so much history, however the economy also holds history. Certain events led to the development of the country we know today.

In 1707, Scotland merged with Great Britain and Ireland to form the UK, however they liked to view themselves as an independent country. Since Scotland is now part of the UK, it accounts for about 5% of the UK's exports. The country views itself as independent, although it is included in the group that makes up the UK. According to https://www.britannica.com/place/Scotland#toc44560, if Scotland were to become independent , the country's GDP would be higher than all other areas in the UK, except London, and England's eastern regions.

If we skip ahead a centuries we end up in the 1900's. In post World War II times, agriculture made greater progress than any other industry. However in 1951, mechanization caused the full- time work force to fall from about 88,000 to about 1/4 of that number by the end of the 20th century. Although the work force had dropped drastically, in the early 21st century the number of employees increased in the agriculture industry. Farming is a significant contributor to Scotland's rural economy.

Later on, employment became a major issue in the 1970's and 1980's.
However this problem was resolved by the act of Deer and grouse hunting, as well as fishing, in parts of the highlands. In the Southern uplands and in the highlands, sheep farming is predominant due to the hilly landscape. Whereas in the southwest , dairy farming takes on a more predominant role, due to the wetter, milder climate.  Also in the 1980's Scotland's economy benefited from the discovery of petroleum in the North sea.

In the 1990's an outbreak of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy, also known as the Mad Cow disease, affected the cattle industry. The  disease causes a spongy degeneration to the brain and spinal cord.

Besides agriculture, mining and power generation account for less than 1/10 of Scotland's annual GDP. Most power generated machines used either petroleum, gas, or coal. Coal was the leading mineral resource until the last decade of the 20th century. Along with agriculture the manufacturing and construction industry contribute to a little more than 1/4 of Scotland's annual GDP.

This beautiful country currently has an estimated number of 800,00 visitors each year, bringing in loads of tourist money.

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UN Human Development Index- Katie Harrill

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UN Human Development Index- Katie Harrill

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HDI: 0.907
HDI Rank: 14
GDP per capita : $42,500
The structure of Scottish industry has been gradually modernized with the decrease on heavy industries and an increase in the replacement of them with high tech enterprises.

Scotland has only about 1/5 to 1/6 of arable land. The good pastoral land, made marginal pastoral farming and fishing the key factors in the economy. Field crops are mainly found along the eastern seaboard. Barely and wheat are the two main cereal grains.

The different types of landscape that create the country's beauty, can act as a difficulty in communication. Due to the existence of hills, mountains, quicksands, and marshes, communication is difficult, and the features act as physical, geographic boundaries.

Scotland consist of many natural resources from the luscious landscapes, to oil, natural gases, coal, and more. Scotland also produces iron, and zinc.