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All Types of Poems

What types of poems are there?

What are the different types of poems? Let's not get ahead of ourselves, first let's consider this: "when we read poetry less as a form and more as a concept, we can see the poetic all around us." Perhaps it's helpful to think of poetry as an artistic medium rather than a structural form.

I've found that focusing less on the intricacies of form, and more on the feeling that poetry evokes has helped me appreciate poetry more, whether it be blank-verse, prose poetry, or rap. That quote was taken from a TED-ed by Melissa Kovacs. I highly recommend you check out the video below:

Types of Poem Structures * What Makes a Poem ... a Poem?

No matter who you are, you're bound to have preconceptions about poetry - I know I did and, in many ways, still do. There's a large swath of people who believe poetry is an elitist, self-congratulatory field - and that's a well-warranted perspective; there certainly are a lot of stuck-up poets.

But hey, maybe that's what comes with four thousand years of history - perhaps one day film will be regarded in the same way. Without further ado, let's jump into a poem definition.

POEM DEFINITION

What is a poem?

A poem is a piece of writing that relies on rhyme, rhythm and meter to evoke feeling, or to convey setting and story. There are dozens of different poetic forms, such as verse, haiku, sonnet, and ballad. Although poems aren't defined by their forms, they are distinguished by them.

Characteristics of Poetry

Emphasis on Meter

Often Involves Rhyming

Meant to Tell a Story or Evoke Emotion

Origins of Poetry

The first types of poems were epic

We can trace poetry all the way back to the Ancient world, in Egypt, Greece, India, and Sumeria. Some of the most influential poems of all time come from this period, and they were epic. No, not epic as in the adjective "epic" but epic in the sense that they were epic poems. But what are epic poems?

Epic Poems

Epic poems are poems of extraordinary length that usually follow a hero's journey across a vast, and often mythological world.

For more on how The Epic of Gilgamesh laid the groundwork for Joseph Campbell's hero's journey template, check out the video below:

Types of Poems and Examples * The Original Hero's Journey

Nowadays, epic poems have gone out of style, but the core idea of what made them so great, lives on in literature, film, and video games.

Epic poems weren't the only types of poems that existed in the ancient world -- there were different kinds of poems as well, like those of the lyric and dramatic kind. During this period, China had its own different kinds of poems as well, which we refer to today as the Classic of Poetry.

Lyric Poems

Lyric poems are personal poems, usually written in the first person, and often accompanied by some sort of musical instrumentation. Iambs and trochees are often used in lyrical poems. One could argue that Shakespeare's use of iambic pentameter is poetic, although he used it mostly in his plays.

Dramatic Poems

Dramatic poems are poems that are meant to be spoken aloud. The subject matter of dramatic poems are almost always tragic.

The Different Kinds of Poems

Middle age of poetry brought rhythm

The renaissance period brought about enormous change to the world of poetry. Playwrights like William Shakespeare, Christopher Marlowe, and Ben Jonson, introduced a new poetic form to theater called blank verse.

Blank verse is a non-rhyming poetic form that features a specific meter; often iambic pentameter.

Sonnet

But perhaps the most famous poetic form during this period was the sonnet; invented by Italian poet Giacomo da Lentini. But what is a sonnet? This next video explains everything you need to know:

Types of Poems and Examples * Shakespeare's Sonnets

A sonnet is a 14-line poem that adheres to a loose structure and has a variable rhyme scheme. Here's a sonnet example:

Although this example is taken from one of Shakespeare's plays, other examples appear in the sonnets Shakespeare wrote outside of his work in the theater. Elsewhere in the world, new poetic forms emerged.

Haiku

In 17th century Japan, the haiku was born, albeit under a different name (hokku). In many ways, haiku epitomizes what we talked about earlier -- poetry is meant to be a reflection of what surrounds us. But what is a haiku?

Common Types of Poems * The Power of the Daily Haiku

A haiku is a three-line poem that uses a syllabic 5-7-5 structure. Here's an example from Matsuo Basho, the man who many call the master of haiku:

Modern Poetry

Contemporary types of poems

Nowadays, poetic forms are taught to kids in school. Some of the most popular poetic forms for beginners are acrostic poems and concrete poems. Both of these types of poems are used to activate the minds of the reader. Let's take a look at a couple of examples:

Acrostic

An acrostic is a poem that uses the first letter of each line to spell out a message, name, or title. Here's an example of an acrostic poem, titled "An Acrostic" by Edgar Allan Poe:

The first letter of each line spells out the name "Elizabeth" whom the poem is dedicated. Concrete poems are an especially creative form for young writers to practice. But what are concrete poems?

Concrete Poems

Concrete poems are structured to make a specific shape. The image below is an example of a concrete poem, titled "Walt Whitman" by Edwin Honig.

Types of Poems and Examples * Concrete Poetry

As you can see, Honig's "Walt Whitman" is shaped as a pine tree. But the classroom wasn't the only place where poetry has been taking new forms.

During the 20th century, poetry was used as a tool for social resistance on the street. Writers like Countee Cullen and Langston Hughes used poetry to offer insight into the experiences of black Americans.

By the 1920s, an artistic revolution was underway in urban centers, particularly in New York City's Harlem neighborhood. This next video explores the importance of the Harlem Renaissance:

Types of Rhyming Poems in the Harlem Renaissance

Hughes' used influence from jazz and blues music to give a lot of his poetry a unique rhythm. Although not directly, Hughes' rhythm would go on to inspire Rudy Ray Moore, and subsequently, the birth of rap music. Here's an example of one of Hughes' most famous poems, "I, Too."

In 2018, Kendrick Lamar won the Pulitzer Prize for Music, marking a huge step-forward for contemporary poetry. This next video explains how Lamar won one of the writing world's most prestigious awards:

How Kendrick Lamar Won the Pulitzer Prize

Hip-hop is just one popular poetic form that's used today - many of the forms we talked about earlier are still used by creative writers and academics. By tracing poetry's evolution, we can begin to identify a trend that shows how poetry is perhaps the most iconic type of writing for reflecting our innate understanding of the world.

UP NEXT

What is iambic pentameter?

We briefly talked about iambic pentameter in this article but there's so much more to it than what we touched on here. In the next article, we break down everything you need to know about iambic pentameter, with examples from Shakespeare plays, poems, and rap songs. By the end, you'll be ready to apply iambic pentameter in your own works, or recognize it in others'.

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Different Types of Poems and Poetry Structures Explained

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What are the different types of poems? Let's not get ahead of ourselves, first let's consider this: "when we read poetry less as a form and more as a concept, we can see the poetic all around us." Perhaps it's helpful to think of poetry as an artistic medium rather than a structural form.

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Image Credits

List 7 Common Types of Poetry

letter: Ejla / E+ / Getty Images / woman: Westend61 / Getty Images / man: Deagreez / iStock / Getty Images Plus

Used under Getty Images license

Poetry, in its own way, is a form of artistic expression. But did you know there are over 50 different types of poetry? Outside of upper-level poetry seminars or in-depth studies, most educators tend to focus on seven common types of poetry. Learn more about these seven types.

Different Types of Poetry

The world of poetry is vast. From rhyme and meter to rhyme and imagery, you can find a little bit of everything in this writing genre. However, when you are learning about poems, a few different ones stick out. Popular poetry types include haiku, free verse, sonnets, and acrostic poems.

It's one thing to define each type; it's another to enjoy a sample platter. Ready to open the doors to a world of verbal artistry? Let's dive into some of the more prominent forms of poetry while we savor a few samples.

Haiku Poems

Traditionally, haiku poems are three-line stanzas with a 5/7/5 syllable count. This form of poetry also focuses on the beauty and simplicity found in nature. As its popularity grew, the 5/7/5 formula has often been broken. However, the focus remains the same - simple moments in life. For more, take a look at these rules for writing haiku. Now, let's enjoy two short samples.

Sick on a Journey by Basho

Basho is one of the haiku greats. He has several different beautifully composed poems under his belt. " Sick on a Journey" by Basho is a great example of a haiku.

"Sick on a journey -
Over parched field
Dreams wander on"

5 & 7 & 5 by Anselm Hollo

In " 5 & 7 & 5," Anselm Hollo demonstrates the 5/7/5 haiku syllable count across multiple stanzas. Explore an excerpt of her work.

"night train whistles stars
over a nation under
mad temporal czars

round lumps of cells grow
up to love porridge later
become The Supremes

lady I lost my
subway token we must part
it's faster by air"

Free Verse Poems

The genre of free verse poems is the least defined. In fact, they're deliberately irregular, taking on an improvisational bent. There's no formula, no pattern. Rather, the writer and reader must work together to set the speed, intonation and emotional pull.

This is Marriage by Marianne Moore

" This is Marriage" by Marianne Moore is a great example of free verse poetry. It demonstrates the lack of pattern and freedom of thought.

"This institution,
perhaps one should say enterprise
out of respect for which
one says one need not change one's mind
about a thing one has believed in,
requiring public promises
of one's intention
to fulfill a private obligation:
I wonder what Adam and Eve
think of it by this time,"

Little Father by Li-Young Lee

The format of " Little Father" by Li-Young Lee contrasts "This is Marriage" considerably, as you can see in the excerpt.

"I buried my father
in the sky.
Since then, the birds
clean and comb him every morning
and pull the blanket up to his chin
every night.

I buried my father underground.
Since then, my ladders
only climb down,
and all the earth has become a house
whose rooms are the hours, whose doors
stand open at evening, receiving
guest after guest.
Sometimes I see past them
to the tables spread for a wedding feast."

Cinquain Poems

A cinquain is a five-line poem inspired by Japanese haiku. There are many different variations of cinquain including American cinquains, didactic cinquains, reverse cinquains, butterfly cinquains, and crown cinquains. Let's enjoy a sampling from the ever-popular Edgar Allan Poe, as well as a snippet from George Herbert.

To Helen by Edgar Allan Poe

You can't look at a cinquain without checking out a great. " To Helen" by Edgar Allan Poe is a masterfully created five-line stanza poem.

"Helen, thy beauty is to me
Like those Nicéan barks of yore,
That gently, o'er a perfumed sea,
The weary, way-worn wanderer bore
To his own native shore."

The World by George Herbert

And here you have " The World" by George Herbert. This poem explores mankind's spiritual journey.

"Love built a stately house; where Fortune came,
And spinning phansies, she was heard to say,
That her fine cobwebs did support the frame,
Whereas they were supported by the same:
But Wisdome quickly swept them all away."

Epic Poems

An epic is a long and narrative poem that normally tells a story about a hero or an adventure. Epics can be presented as oral or written stories. The Iliad and The Odyssey are probably the most renowned epic poems. But, let's take a different direction and check out a sampling from Henry Wadsworth Longfellow and Ezra Pound.

The Song of Hiawatha by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

Check out an excerpt from the epic poem, The Song of Hiawatha by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. It illustrates different stories of the Ojibwe.

"On the shores of Gitche Gumee,
Of the shining Big-Sea-Water,
Stood Nokomis, the old woman,
Pointing with her finger westward,
O'er the water pointing westward,
To the purple clouds of sunset."

Canto I by Ezra Pound

And here's another sampling of epic poetry, this time from Canto I by Ezra Pound.

"And then went down to the ship,
Set keel to breakers, forth on the godly sea, and
We set up mast and sail on that swart ship,
Bore sheep aboard her, and our bodies also
Heavy with weeping, and winds from sternward
Bore us out onward with bellying canvas,
Circe's this craft, the trim-coifed goddess.
Then sat we amidships, wind jamming the tiller,
Thus with stretched sail, we went over sea till day's end.
Sun to his slumber, shadows o'er all the ocean,
Came we then to the bounds of deepest water,
To the Kimmerian lands, and peopled cities
Covered with close-webbed mist, unpierced ever
With glitter of sun-rays
Nor with stars stretched, nor looking back from heaven
Swartest night stretched over wretched men there.
The ocean flowing backward, came we then to the place
Aforesaid by Circe."

Ballad Poems

A ballad poem also tells a story, as epic poems do. However, ballad poetry is often based on a legend or a folk tale. These poems may take the form of songs, or they may contain a moral or a lesson. Enjoy some beautiful imagery in the samples.

The Mermaid by Unknown

" The Mermaid," written by an unknown author, has its roots in folklore.

"Oh the ocean waves may roll,
And the stormy winds may blow,
While we poor sailors go skipping aloft
And the land lubbers lay down below, below, below
And the land lubbers lay down below.
Then up spoke the Captain of our gallant ship,
And a jolly old Captain was he;
'I have a wife in Salem town,
But tonight a widow she will be.'"

The Ballad of Reading Gaol by Oscar Wilde

" The Ballad of Reading Gaol" by Oscar Wilde is another great ballad poem. This poem weaves themes of the human condition throughout it.

Acrostic Poems

Also known as name poems, acrostic poems spell out names or words with the first letter in each line. While the author is doing this, they're describing someone or something they deem important. Here are two examples to illustrate the poetic form.

Alexis by Nicholas Gordon

" Alexis" by Nicholas Gordon focuses on an intriguing woman he may or may not know.

A Cry For Help by Samar Alkhudairi

" A Cry For Help" by 12-year-old Samar Alkhudairi is an example of an acrostic poem that tackles the tough issue of bullying.

"Brutal beatings beyond the feeling of pain
Understanding this hurt might get me closer to being sane
Love is a myth
Life has become like a work of Stephen King
You don't know what it's like
I am treated like just some 'thing'
Never to be kissed, comforted, or loved
Going the rest of my life never to be hugged"

Sonnet Poetry

Although William Shakespeare sensationalized sonnets, the word sonetto is actually Italian for "a little sound or song." This form has grabbed poets by the heart for centuries. It began as a 14-line poem written in iambic pentameter. Although flourishes have been made over time, the general principle remains the same. Read up on sonnet examples to learn more about the different types of sonnets. In the meantime, let's enjoy two great samples.

Sonnet 116: Let me not to the marriage of true minds by William Shakespeare

This sample, " Sonnet 116," is from the master himself, William Shakespeare. As with many of Shakespeare's sonnets, it's dripping in feelings of love.

"Let me not to the marriage of true minds
Admit impediments. Love is not love
Which alters when it alteration finds,
Or bends with the remover to remove.
O no! it is an ever-fixed mark
That looks on tempests and is never shaken;
It is the star to every wand'ring bark,
Whose worth's unknown, although his height be taken.
Love's not Time's fool, though rosy lips and cheeks
Within his bending sickle's compass come;
Love alters not with his brief hours and weeks,
But bears it out even to the edge of doom.
If this be error and upon me prov'd,
I never writ, nor no man ever lov'd."

Ever by Meghan O'Rourke

" Ever" by Meghan O'Rourke is a more modern sample, published in 2015.

"Never, never, never, never, never.
-King Lear

Even now I can't grasp 'nothing' or 'never.'
They're unholdable, unglobable, no map to nothing.
Never? Never ever again to see you?
An error, I aver. You're never nothing,
because nothing's not a thing.
I know death is absolute, forever,
the guillotine-gutting-never to which we never say goodbye.
But even as I think 'forever' it goes 'ever'
and 'ever' and 'ever.' Ever after.
I'm a thing that keeps on thinking. So I never see you
is not a thing or think my mouth can ever. Aver:
You're not 'nothing.' But neither are you something.
Will I ever really get never?
You're gone. Nothing, never-ever."

Fill Your Canvas With Words

That's all poetry is. Some people paint with paintbrushes. Others fill pages with words that evoke colorful images. If you suspect you have a knack for poetic storytelling, then the gift is already inside you. Study each of these seven types. See which one feels closest to your heart. Then, when you're ready to start writing, review these tips and go on out there and paint your canvas.

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7 Common Types of Poetry and Their Unique Features

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Image Credits List 7 Common Types of Poetry letter: Ejla / E+ / Getty Images / woman: Westend61 / Getty Images / man: Deagreez / iStock / Getty Images Plus Used under Getty Images license Poetry, in its own way, is a form of artistic expression.

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Sestina

Here's another old poetic form, in this case coming out of 12th-century Provence. Like the villanelle, it has a lot of repetition, but unlike the villanelle, sestinas don't have to rhyme. The sestina has six stanzas of six lines each, and a closing stanza of three lines. The six words that end the lines of the first stanza get repeated at the line endings of each of the remaining stanzas, and all six words appear in the poem's final three lines. Here is a great description of the order these six words should appear in.
Elizabeth Bishop, "Sestina." Alberto Alvaro Rios, "Nani"
Acrostic

Here is a fun form: spell out a name, word, or phrase with the first letter of each line of your poem. You can write a love poem using the name of your beloved this way!
Edgar Allan Poe, "An Acrostic." Sathya Narayana, "Nuggets"
Ekphrastic Poetry

This type of poem doesn't have particular rules for form: unlike the forms above, you can write it however you like. What it is, instead, is a poem about a work of art: a painting, a statue, perhaps a photograph. It's art about art, written in response to visual art that inspires the poet.
Tyehimba Jess, "Hagar in the Wilderness." Rebecca Wolff, "Ekphrastic."
concrete POetry

Concrete poetry, or shape poetry, or visual poetry, is meant to look a particular way on the page: it's written to form a particular image or shape that enhances the poem's meaning. In its cheesy form, a concrete poem might be a love poem written in the shape of a heart. But here are some better examples:

May Swenson, "Women." This poem is about how women are expected be "pedestals moving to the motions of men," and the poem itself illustrates the swaying women are supposed to do at the will of men.
George Herbert, "Altar."
Elegy

Like ekphrastic poetry above, this type of poem doesn't have to fit a particular form; instead, it's defined by its subject, which is death. An elegy is a poem of mourning, often for a particular person, but it can be about a group of people or about a broader sense of loss. Elegies often move from mourning toward consolation.
Walt Whitman, "O Captain, My Captain." Mary Jo Bangs, "You Were You Are Elegy." Kwame Dawes, "Requiem."
Epigram

Want to write something short? Try your hand at an epigram. All you have to do is be brilliant and witty in a few lines - easy! Epigrams don't have to be poems, but they often are. They are short and witty, often satirical, and have a surprising and funny ending.
Samuel Taylor Coleridge, "Epigram" Emily Dickinson, "'Faith' is a Fine Invention"
Limerick

On the subject of funny poems, next is the limerick. You're probably familiar with the limerick form, even if you don't get the details of it, because its sound is so distinctive: two longer lines, two short ones, and a closing longer line that makes a joke, often a ribald one. If you want the technical details, here you go: limericks have a rhyme scheme of AABBA and use anapestic meter, with three feet in the longer lines and two in the shorter.

Ballad

If you want to read a story or tell a story in a poem, the ballad is for you. It's an old, traditional form that used to be passed down orally from one generation to the next. Ballads, if you want to follow the rules of the form strictly, are written in quatrains, groups of four lines, and have a rhyme scheme of ABAB or ABCB. The lines alternate between having eight syllables and six syllables. But the ballad is a loose enough form that you can make of it whatever you want.

Anonymous, "Barbara Allen." Here's the first stanza:

In Scarlet town, where I was born,
There was a fair maid dwellin',
Made every youth cry Well-a-way!
Her name was Barbara Allen.
Edgar Allan Poe, "Annabel Lee."
epitaph

The epitaph is like the elegy, only shorter. It's the kind of poem that might appear on a gravestone, although it doesn't have to. It's brief and it pays tribute to a person who has passed away or commemorates some other loss.
Robert Herrick, "Upon a Child That Died" Edna St. Vincent Millay, "Epitaph"
Tanka

The tanka (which means "short poem") is a Japanese form that is five lines. The first and third lines have five syllables (in the English version of the form) and the other lines have seven syllables each. The subject of the poem can be nature, as it generally is for haiku, but this isn't required.
Sadakichi Hartmann, "Tanka" Philip Appleman, "Three Haiku, Two Tanka."
Ode

An ode is simply a poem address to a particular person, event, or thing. It's often meant to praise or glorify its subject. The ode as a form comes from ancient Greece and there are various ode types available, but basically if you are addressing something/someone directly, you are writing an ode.

Pablo Neruda, "Ode to a Large Tuna in the Market." Here is how the poem begins:

Here,
among the market vegetables,
this torpedo
from the ocean
depths,
a missile
that swam,
now
lying in front of me
dead.
Phillis Wheatley, "Ode to Neptune."
Free Verse

This is the form of poetry where you can do whatever you want! There are no rules! You don't use regular patterns of rhythm or rhyme, don't need lines of any particular length, or stanzas of a particular number of lines. This is both liberating and terrifying. Yes, you can do whatever you want...which means it can be hard to know where to start. But give it a try and enjoy the freedom of it!
Nikki Giovanni, "Winter Poem" Langston Hughes, "Theme for English B."
This is a fairly lengthy list but it's only just the beginning when it comes to understanding and appreciating different types of poems. If you want to learn more, I highly recommend the Poetry Foundation website. Or you can read more Book Riot articles on the subject: Click here for an introduction to how to read poetry. To explore more articles on poetry, click here. Have fun!

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A Beginner's Guide To The Different Types of Poems

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Learn about the most common types of poems and be inspired to write a poem of your own based on these poem examples from famous poets.

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Poetry is an intricate literary form that incorporates rhyme, figurative language, sound devices, and meter in order to evoke a wide array of meanings. The language of poetry is not always straightforward. It guides readers to reach a conclusion but never gives out any details explicitly. Such is the beauty of a poetry text that demands readers' attentive and creative participation. With the knowledge of the important poetry elements, we can understand a poem's message and appreciate the text more effectively.

Structure and Form

Poetry comes in a variety of forms and in each form follows a specific structure. For example, the sonnet form containing a set structure is different from odes. A free verse poem does not have the metrical regularity, which can be found in a blank verse poem.

The structural elements found in poetry are:

Stanza: is a group of lines set off from others by a blank line or indentation.

Verse: are stanzas with no set number of lines that make up units based on sense.

Canto: is a stanza pattern found in medieval and modern long poetry.

Some of the important poetry forms include:

Sonnet: is a fourteen-line poem with a set rhyme scheme, often divided into quatrains, octaves, and sestets.

Ode: is a formal lyric poem written in celebration or dedication of something with specific intent.

Lyric: is a personal piece of poetry that tends to be shorter, melodic, and contemplative.

Elegy: is a mournful poem, especially a lament for the dead.

Villanelle: is a nineteen-line poem comprising five triplets with a closing quatrain.

Limerick: is a humorous piece of poetry that consists of five lines with the same rhythm.

Haiku: is a form of unrhymed Japanese poetry containing three sections with a total of 17 syllables arranged in a 5-7-5 pattern.

Meter is the definitive pattern found in verse. Some of the important metrical feet in English poetry include:

Iamb: consists of one unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable, as in des-pair, ex-clude, re-peat, etc.

Trochee: is a metrical foot containing one stressed syllable followed by an unstressed syllable, as in sis-ter, flow-er, splin-ter, etc.

Dactyl: comprised one stressed syllable followed by two unstressed syllables, as in si-mi-lar.

Anapest: consists of three syllables, where the first two are unstressed and the last one is stressed, as in com-pre-hend.

Spondee: contains two stressed syllables, like "drum beat".

Pyrrhic: is the opposite of spondee and contains two unstressed syllables.

Poets utilize these metrical feet to create a pattern, which is called a metrical pattern or metrical scheme. Some of the important metrical patterns include:

Rhyme and Rhyme Scheme

Rhyme is the repetitive pattern of sounds found in poetry. They are used to reinforce a pattern or rhyme scheme. In specific poetry forms such as ballads, sonnets, and couplets, the rhyme scheme is an important element. The common types of rhymes used in poetry are:

End Rhyme: is a common type of rhyme in poetry that occurs when the last word of two or more lines rhyme.

Imperfect Rhyme: is a type of rhyme that occurs in words that do not have an identical sound.

Internal Rhyme: occurs in the middle of lines in poetry.

Masculine Rhyme: is the rhyming between stressed syllables at the end of verse lines.

Feminine Rhyme: is the rhyming between unstressed syllables at the end of verse lines.

Sound and Rhythm

Sound and rhythm are other important elements of poetry. The sound of a poetic text means how a line or what sounds some specific words evoke in readers' minds. Rhythm is a set pattern that is formed by these sounds. In poetry, rhythm refers to the metrical rhythm that involves the arrangement of syllables into repeating patterns called feet. For example, the following lines from William Shakespeare's '' contain an iambic rhythm with a few variations:

The subject or content of poetry differs across a variety of forms. A subject is what the poem is about. For instance, the subjects of sonnets include love and admiration for one's beloved, heartache and separation. Whereas divine sonnets include the subjects of devotions to God, enlightenment, and salvation. Elegies are written in memory of someone who is no more. Therefore, the subject of these poems is a dead person.

Speaker is one who narrates the poem. In poetry, we tend to think that the poet is the speaker himself. However, it is not always the case. Sometimes, poets assume an imaginative character and write the poem from their perspective. Generally, the poem is told from the perspective of a first-person speaker or a third-person speaker. Poets also use the second-person point of view in order to communicate directly with readers. Understanding the speaker helps us to know the poem's tone and mood.

Figurative Language and Poetic Devices

Poetry uses figurative language and different poetic devices to suggest different interpretations of words or to evoke other ideas that are not literally connected with the words. The sound devices such as alliteration, assonance, consonance, and onomatopoeia are used to create musical effects. Elements of poetic diction such as irony, symbolism, and juxtaposition leave a poem open to several interpretations. In the same way, poetic devices such as metaphor and simile are used to build a relationship between different images previously not perceived.

Some important poetic devices in poetry include:

Simile: is a comparison between two unlike things using the words "like" or "as".

Metaphor: is an implicit comparison between different images or ideas without the use of "like" or "as".

Repetition: is a poetic technique that refers to the reuse of words, phrases, and images several times in a poem.

Enjambment: occurs when a line is cut off before its natural point.

Irony: occurs when an outcome is different than what is expected.

Personification: is a poetic device that refers to the projection of human characteristics into inanimate objects.

Onomatopoeia: occurs when a word imitates a natural sound.

Hyperbole: occurs when one statement is elevated for a certain poetic effect.

The theme is a recurring idea or a pervading thought in a work of literature. Poetry themes include some common ideas such as love, nature, beauty, and as complex as death, spirituality, and immortality. An understanding of the theme helps readers to identify the core message of the poem or the poet's purpose for writing the poem. For example, the following lines of Robert Burns' 'A Red, Red Rose'exemplify the theme as well as the underlying message of the entire poem:

O my Luve is like a red, red rose

That's newly sprung in June;

O my Luve is like the melody

That's sweetly played in tune.

This piece is written in admiration of the speaker's beloved. Therefore, the main themes of the poem are beauty, love, and admiration.

Explore some of the important themes in poetry.

Tone and Mood

Diction is another significant aspect of poetry. It refers to the language, sound, and form used in a particular piece of poetry. The tone or attitude of a poem's speaker and the mood of the entire text is part of poetic diction. To understand the speaker's attitude or tone to the subject, readers have to look for the poet's choice of words, figurative language, and sound devices. The mood is related to the impression of the text upon readers. Explore these lines from Keats' 'Ode to a Nightingale':

My heart aches, and a drowsy numbness pains

My sense, as though of hemlock I had drunk,

Or emptied some dull opiate to the drains

One minute past, and Lethe-wards had sunk:

'Tis not through envy of thy happy lot,

But being too happy in thine happiness,

That thou, light-winged Dryad of the trees

In some melodious plot

Of beechen green, and shadows numberless,

Singest of summer in full-throated case.

In these lines, the speaker describes the nightingale's song in an elevated language. He is awe-struck after listening to its intoxicating song. Thus, the tone is emotive, pleasant, and elated. The mood of the poem is happy and positive.

The syntax is the ordering of words into meaningful patterns. Poetry has a distinct syntax compared to prose, fiction, and other forms of literature. Poets manipulate the conventional syntax to emphasize specific words. The purpose of adopting a specific syntax and diction is to achieve certain artistic effects such as tone, mood, etc. For instance, in Dickinson's 'A Narrow Fellow in the Grass,' the speaker describes her surprise and amusement upon the discovery of a snake. To convey her feelings, Dickinson uses a specific syntax:

A narrow fellow in the grass

Occasionally rides;

You may have met him-did you not

His notice sudden is,

Other Resources

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Poetry is an intricate literary form that incorporates rhyme, figurative language, sound devices, and meter in order to evoke a wide array of meanings. The language of poetry is not always straightforward. It guides readers to reach a conclusion but never gives out any details explicitly.

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POETRY ASSUMPTIONS

That a poem is to be read for its "message,"

That this message is "hidden" in the poem,

The message is to be found by treating the words as symbols which naturally do not mean what they say but stand for something else,

You have to decipher every single word to appreciate and enjoy the poem.

There are no easy ways to dispel these biases. Poetry is difficult because very often its language is indirect. But so is experience - those things we think, feel, and do. The lazy reader wants to be told things and usually avoids poetry because it demands commitment and energy. Moreover, much of what poetry has to offer is not in the form of hidden meanings. Many poets like to "play" with the sound of language or offer an emotional insight by describing what they see in highly descriptive language. In fact, there can many different ways to enjoy poetry; this reflects the many different styles and objectives of poets themselves. For an overview of the many ways to read a poem, click here. Finally, if you are the type to give up when something is unclear, just relax! Like we just said, there can be many different approaches to examining poetry; often these approaches (like looking for certain poetic devices or examining the meaning of a specific phrase) do not require a complete and exhaustive analysis of a poem. So, enjoy what you do understand!

Read the poem (many students neglect this step). Identify the speaker and the situation. Feel free to read it more than once! Read the sentences literally. Use your prose reading skills to clarify what the poem is about.Read each line separately, noting unusual words and associations. Look up words you are unsure of and struggle with word associations that may not seem logical to you.Note any changes in the form of the poem that might signal a shift in point of view. Study the structure of the poem, including its rhyme and rhythm (if any). Re-read the poem slowly, thinking about what message and emotion the poem communicates to you.

of analyzing a poem is to look at the stanza structure or style of a poem. Generally speaking, structure has to do with the overall organization of lines and/or the conventional patterns of sound. Again, many modern poems may not have any identifiable structure (i.e. they are free verse), so don't panic if you can't find it! STRUCTURE and POETRY

STANZAS

An important method : Stanzas are a series of lines grouped together and separated by an empty line from other stanzas. They are the equivalent of a paragraph in an essay. One way to identify a stanza is to count the number of lines. Thus:

couplet (2 lines)

tercet (3 lines)

quatrain (4 lines)

cinquain (5 lines)

sestet (6 lines) (sometimes it's called a sexain)

septet (7 lines)

octave (8 lines)

poem may or may not have a specific number of lines, rhyme scheme and/or metrical pattern, but it can still be labeled according to its form or style. Here are
FORM: A the three most common types of poems according to form:

It is any poem with one speaker (not necessarily the poet) who expresses It is a poem that It is a poem that 1. Lyric Poetry: strong thoughts and feelings. Most poems, especially modern ones, are lyric poems.
tells a story; its structure resembles the plot line of a story [i.e. the introduction of conflict and characters, rising action, climax and the denouement]. 3. Descriptive Poem: describes the world that surrounds the speaker. It uses elaborate imagery and adjectives. While emotional, it is more "outward-focused" than lyric poetry, which is more personal and introspective.

2. Narrative Poem:

In a sense, almost all poems, whether they have consistent patterns of sound and/or structure, or are free verse, are in one of the three categories above. Or, of course, they may be a combination of 2 or 3 of the above styles! Here are some more types of poems that are subtypes of the three styles above:

Ode: It is usually a lyric poem of moderate length, with a serious subject, an elevated style, and an elaborate stanza pattern.

Elegy: It is a It is a It is a It is a long lyric poem that mourns the dead. [It's not to be confused with a eulogy.]It has no set metric or stanzaic pattern, but it usually begins by reminiscing about the dead person, then laments the reason for the death, and then resolves the grief by concluding that death leads to immortality. It often uses "apostrophe" (calling out to the dead person) as a literary technique. It can have a fairly formal style, and sound similar to an ode.
lyric poem consisting of 14 lines and, in the English version, is usually written in iambic pentameter. There are two basic kinds of sonnets: the Italian (or Petrarchan) sonnet and the Shakespearean (or Elizabethan/English) sonnet. The Italian/Petrarchan sonnet is named after Petrarch, an Italian Renaissance poet. The Petrarchan sonnet consists of an octave (eight lines) and a sestet (six lines). The Shakespearean sonnet consists of three quatrains (four lines each) and a concluding couplet (two lines). The Petrarchan sonnet tends to divide the thought into two parts (argument and conclusion); the Shakespearean, into four (the final couplet is the summary).
Sonnet: Ballad: narrative poem that has a musical rhythm and can be sung. A ballad is usually organized into quatrains or cinquains, has a simple rhythm structure, and tells the tales of ordinary people.
narrative poem in elevated style recounting the deeds of a legendary or historical hero.
Epic:

Qualities of an Epic Poem:

narrative poem of great scope; dealing with the founding of a nation or some other heroic theme requires a dignified theme requires an organic unity requires orderly progress of the action always has a heroic figure or figures involves supernatural forces

written in deliberately ceremonial style

Other types of poems include:

Haiku: It has an It has a very structured poem, usually humorous & composed of five lines (a cinquain), in an unrhymed verse form having three line s (a tercet) and usually 5,7,5 syllables, respectively. It's usually considered a lyric poem.
aabba rhyming pattern; beat must be anapestic (weak, weak, strong) with 3 feet in lines 1, 2, & 5 and 2 feet in lines 3 & 4. It's usually a narrative poem based upon a short and often ribald anecdote.
Limerick:

For more about poetic forms, see the Open School Notes on Poetry Forms.

SOUND PATTERNS

Three other elements of poetry are rhyme scheme, meter (ie. regular rhythm) and word sounds (like alliteration). These are sometimes collectively called sound play because they take advantage of the performative, spoken nature of poetry.

RHYME

Rhyme is the repetition of similar sounds. In poetry, the most common kind of rhyme is the end rhyme, which occurs at the end of two or more lines. It is usually identified with lower case letters, and a new letter is used to identify each new end sound. Take a look at the rhyme scheme for the following poem :

I saw a fairy in the wood ,
He was dressed all ingreen .
He drew his sword while I juststood,
And realized I'd beenseen .

T he rhyme scheme of the poem is a b a b .

.

Internal rhyme occurs in the middle of a line, as in these lines from Coleridge, "In mist or cl oud, on mast or shr oud " or "Whiles all the n ight through fog-smoke wh ite" ("The Ancient Mariner"). Remember that most modern poems do not have rhyme.

:
RHYTHM AND METER

NOTE Rhyme (above) and rhythm (below) are two different concepts!

I recommend starting with this podcast on rhythm and meter.

and the Meter: the systematic regularity in rhythm; this number of feet. systematic rhythm (or sound pattern) is usually identified by examining the type of "foot"

__ = a stressed (or strong, or ) syllable 1. Poetic Foot: The traditional line of metered poetry contains a number of rhythmical units, which are called LOUD) syllable
feet. The feet in a line are distinguished as a recurring pattern of two or three syllables ("apple" has 2 syllables, "banana" has 3 syllables, etc.). The pattern, or foot, is designated according to the number of syllables contained, and the
relationship in each foot between the strong and weak syllables.Thus:

U = an unstressed (or weak , or quiet

In other words, any line of poetry with a systematic rhythm has a certain number of feet, and each foot has two or three syllables with a constant beat pattern .

maintain, as in the third foot.] a. Iamb (Iambic) - weak syllable followed by strong syllable. [Note that the pattern is sometimes fairly hard to

b. Trochee (Trochaic): strong syllable followed by a weak syllable.

c. Anapest (Anapestic): two weak syllables followed by a strong syllable.

e.g.
In her room at the prow of the house
Where light breaks, and the windows are tossed...

From "The Writer", by Richard Wilbur

d. Dactyl (Dactylic): a strong syllable followed by two weak syllables. DD

Here's another (silly) example of dactylic rhythm.
DDD A was an / ar cher, who / shot at a / frog DDD B was a / butch er, and / had a great / dog DDD C was a / cap tain, all / cov ered with / lace DDD D was a / drunk ard, and / had a red / face .

e. Spondee (Spondaic): two strong syllables (not common as lines, but appears as a foot). A spondee usually appears at the end of a line.

2. The Number of Feet: The second part of meter is the number of feet contained in a line.

Thus:
one foot=monometer
two feet=dimeter
three feet=trimeter
four feet=tetrameter
five feet=pentameter
six feet=hexameter (when hexameter is in iambic rhythm, it is called an alexandrine)

Poems with an identifiable meter are therefore identified by the type of feet (e.g. iambic) and the number of feet in a line (e.g. pentameter). The following line is iambic pentameter because it (1) has five feet [ pent ameter], and (2) each foot has two syllables with the stress on the second syllable [iambic].

That time | of year | thou mayst | in me | be hold

Thus, you will hear meter identified as iambic pentameter, trochaic tetrameter, and so on.

3. Irregularity: Many metered poems in English avoid perfectly regular rhythm because it is monotonous. Irregularities in rhythm add interest and emphasis to the lines. In this line:

The first foot substitutes a trochee for an iamb. Thus, the basic iambic pentameter is varied with the opening trochee., but , is blank verse. Shakespeare frequently used unrhymed iambic pentameter in his plays; his works are an early example of blank verse.

4. Blank Verse: Any poetry that does have a does not have
set metrical pattern (usually iambic pentameter) rhyme

5. Free Verse: Most modern poetry no longer follows strict rules of meter or rhyme, especially throughout an entire poem. Free verse, frankly, has no rules about meter or rhyme whatsoever! [In other words, blank verse has rhythm, but no rhyme, while free verse has neither rhythm nor rhyme.] So, you may find it difficult to find regular iambic pentameter in a modern poem, though you might find it in particular lines. Modern poets do like to throw in the occasional line or phrase of metered poetry, particularly if they're trying to create a certain effect. Free verse can also apply to a lack of a formal verse structure.

How do I know if a poem has meter? How do I determine the meter?

To maintain a consistent meter, a poet has to choose words that fit. For example, if a poet wants to write iambic poetry, s/he has to choose words that have a naturally iambic rhythm. Words like be tray and per suade will work in an iambic poem because they are naturally iambic. They sound silly any other way. However, candle and mus cle will work best in a trochaic poem, because their natural emphasis is on the first syllable. (However, a poet can use trochaic words if s/he places a one syllable word in front of them. This often leads to poetic feet ending in the middle of words - after one syllable - rather than the end.) It's not surprising that most modern poetry is not metered, because it is very restrictive and demanding.

Determining meter is usually a process of elimination. Start reading everything in iambic by emphasizing every second syllable. 80 to 90% of metered poetry is iambic. If it sounds silly or strange, because many of the poem's words do not sound natural, then try trochaic, anapestic or dactylic rhythms. If none of these sounds natural, then you probably do not have metered poetry at all (ie. it's free verse).

If there are some lines that sound metered, but some that don't, the poem has an irregular rhythm.

For more help, try this review of metered poetry.

: WORD SOUNDS
Another type of sound play is the emphasis on individual sounds and words

Alliteration : the repetition of initial sounds on the same line or stanza - : the repetition of: the repetition of consonant sounds (anywhere in the middle or end of a line or stanza) - And a: words that sound like that which they describe - : the repetition of entire lines or phrases to emphasize key thematic ideas. Big bad Bob vowel sounds (anywhere in the middle or end of a line or stanza) - T ilting at w ll the air a so lemn sti llness ho Boom! Crash! Pow! Quack! Moo! lds.
Repetition
indm ills
bounced bravely.
Assonance Consonance (T. Gray) Onomatopoeia Caress... Parallel Stucture : a form of repetition where the order of verbs and nouns is repeated; it may involve exact words, but it more importantly repeats sentence structure - "I came, I saw, I conquered".

MEANING and POETRY

I said earlier that poetry is not always about hidden or indirect meanings (sometimes called meaning play). Nevertheless, if often is a major part of poetry, so here some of the important things to remember:

In general, poetry deals with particular things in concrete language, since our emotions most readily respond to these things. From the poem's particular situation, the reader may then generalize; the generalities arise by implication from the particular. In other words, a poem is most often concrete and particular; the "message," if there is any, is general and abstract; it's implied by the images.

Images, in turn, suggest meanings beyond the mere identity of the specific object. Poetry "plays" with meaning when it identifies resemblances or makes comparisons between things; common examples of this "figurative" comparison include:

ticking of clock = mortality

hardness of steel = determination

white = peace or purity

Such terms as connotation, simile, metaphor, allegory, and symbol are aspects of this comparison. Such expressions are generally called figurative or metaphorical language.

DENOTATION AND CONNOTATION

Word meanings are not only restricted to dictionary meanings. The full meaning of a word includes both the dictionary definition and the special meanings and associations a word takes in a given phrase or expression. For example, a tiger is a carnivorous animal of the cat family. This is the literal or denotative meaning. But we have certain associations with the word: sinuous movement, jungle violence, and aggression. These are the suggestive, figurative or connotative meanings.

1. Simile is the rhetorical term used to designate the most elementary form of resemblances: most similes are introduced by "like" or "as." These comparisons are usually between dissimilar situations or objects that have something in common, such as "My love is like a red, red rose."

2. A metaphor leaves out "like" or "as" and implies a direct comparison between objects or situations. "All flesh is grass." For more onmetaphor, click here.

3. Synecdoche is a form of metaphor, which in mentioning an important (and attached) part signifies the whole (e.g. "hands" for labour).

4. Metonymy is similar to synecdoche; it's a form of metaphor allowing an object closely associated (but unattached) with a object or situation to stand for the thing itself (e.g. the crown or throne for a king or the bench for the judicial system).

5. A symbol is like a simile or metaphor with the first term left out. "My love is like a red, red rose" is a simile. If, through persistent identification of the rose with the beloved woman, we may come to associate the rose with her and her particular virtues. At this point, the rose would become a symbol.

6. Allegory can be defined as a one to one correspondence between a series of abstract ideas and a series of images or pictures presented in the form of a story or a narrative. For example, George Orwell'sAnimal Farm is an extended allegory that represents the Russian Revolution through a fable of a farm and its rebellious animals.

7. Personification occurs when you treat abstractions or inanimate objects as human, that is, giving them human attributes, powers, or feelings (e.g., "nature wept" or "the wind whispered many truths to me").

8. Irony takes many forms. Most basically, irony is a figure of speech in which actual intent is expressed through words that carry the opposite meaning.

Paradox: usually a literal contradiction of terms or situations

Situational Irony: an unmailed letter

Dramatic Irony: audience has more information or greater perspective than the characters

Verbal Irony: saying one thing but meaning another

Overstatement (hyperbole)

Understatement (meiosis)

Sarcasm

Irony may be a positive or negative force. It is most valuable as a mode of perception that assists the poet to see around and behind opposed attitudes, and to see the often conflicting interpretations that come from our examination of life.

Thus, if we recognize that much of the essential quality of our experience is more complex than a simple denotative statement can describe, then we must recognize the value of the poet's need to search for a language agile enough to capture the complexity of that experience. Consider this four-line stanza:

O Western wind, when wilt thou blow
That the small rain down can rain?
Christ, that my love were in my arms,
And I in my bed again!

The center of the poem is the lover's desire to be reunited with his beloved (lines 3 and 4). But the full meaning of the poem depends on the first two lines also. Obviously, the lover associates his grief with the wind and rain, but the poet leaves to implication, to indirection, just how the lover's situation and the wind and rain are related. We note that they are related in several ways: the need for experiencing and manifesting love is an inherent need, like nature's need for rain; in a word, love, like the wind and rain, is natural. Secondly, the lover is living in a kind of drought or arid state that can only be slaked by the soothing presence of the beloved. Thirdly, the rising of the wind and the coming of the rain can neither be controlled nor foretold exactly, and human affairs, like the lover's predicament, are subject to the same sort of chance.

Undoubtedly, too, there are associations with specific words, like "Western" or "small rain" that the reader is only half aware of but which nonetheless contribute to meaning. These associations or connotations afford a few indirections that enrich the entire poem. For example, "small rain" at once describes the kind of rain that the lover wants to fall and suggests the joy and peace of lover's tears, and "small" alone might suggest the daintiness or femininity of the beloved.

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POETRY ASSUMPTIONS That a poem is to be read for its "message," That this message is "hidden" in the poem, The message is to be found by treating the words as symbols which naturally do not mean what they say but stand for something else, You have to decipher every single word to appreciate and enjoy the poem.

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The Parts of a poem Main are the title, verse, stanza, rhythm, metric and author. Poetry is a literary genre that uses aesthetics and rhythmic qualities of language, such as euphony (soundness of words considered agreeable) and metrics (set of regularities in verses), to evoke meanings or feelings, often hidden Or symbolic.

He poem Is the literary product of poetry, that is, a poem is a literary text that brings together the characteristics to be considered part of the genre of poetry.

The main characteristic to classify a literary work as a poem is the presence of the verse, which is the unit in which a poem is divided.

However, prose (a form of writing similar to natural language) is also used in the writing of a poem, which can be equally differentiated from a story or novel by the presence of rhythm or the absence of a Formal or direct narrative.

In poetry various literary forms and conventions are used that can be used to evoke different emotional responses, to give meaning to words or"effects", such as the use of rhythm in the verses to achieve an effect of musicality.

In addition, the characteristics may vary according to their historical context or the literary traditions from which it comes or the language in which it has been written.

Structure: main parts of a poem

Many poets have now chosen to dissociate themselves from the aesthetic conventions that have existed in poetry for years, so that the parts of a poem are not necessarily present in all poetic manifestations.

Therefore, it should be considered that not necessarily all the mentioned parts are in a poem.

1- Verse

The verse refers to the unit in which a poem can be divided. This is represented by a single metric line (of having any metrics).

Unlike prose, which is divided by grammatical signs, and is formed by sentences or paragraphs, the verse depends on the metric, rhythm, rhyme or even the end of the author.

Thus, the verse can be classified according to the structure of the poem. With the presence of rhyme, there is the rhymed verse, the loose verse and the white verse.

In addition, there are verses according to the amount of syllables of these (minor art and major art). As also according to their accentual disposition, that is to say, the rhythm that these present.

2- Stanza

The stanza is another unit in which a poem is divided, which refers to a Structural division Which contains a certain number of verses, depending on the structure of the poem or the intention of the author, and which is usually separated by a point. It may be comparable to a paragraph in prose.

According to the number of verses of which a stanza is composed, it is given different names. For example, the joy of two verses or the limerick of five verses.

In addition, the verses that contain a poem and verses that contain these, can define the structure of this, as is the case of the sonnets, consisting of four stanzas, two of 4 verses and two of 3.

3- Rhythm

Rhythm is a feature and an element present in most arts, and can be visual or auditory.

In general, rhythm can be defined as a flow of movement, controlled or measured, sound or visual, produced by the arrangement of different elements of the medium in question. That is, it is the feeling of continuity or flow.

In poetry, rhythm represents a basic trait for determining the structure of a poem, and is one of the characteristics of contemporary poetry.

This can be given by several factors, the distribution of accents in each verse being its most usual.

4- Metric

The metric represents the main rhythmic structure of a verse in poetry. Thus, many forms of versified poetry, especially some traditional ones, have a pre-established metric structure.

The metric refers to the number of syllables that a verse has, and in freer forms of poetry, there may still be a kind of metric, which could be determined by rhythm.

5- Title

Of course, every poem has a title chosen by the author.

6- Author

At the end of the poems the authors usually leave their signature.

Characteristics of a poem

1 - Do not present a direct narrative

Poetry is separated from the narrative (novels, short stories), among other reasons, because the purpose of this is not to narrate events or tell a story, at least not in the form of narrative. That is, the poem can tell a story, but making use of its own elements.

Thus, the author could decide to tell a story through a poem, but it will not be transmitted to the reader directly, telling the events, linear or not, as they would in the genres of the narrative.

The message is transmitted through the verses, using elements of the story, such as location, time, or characters.

2 - The poem evokes emotions of the author

Although in poetry there is no single theme imposed, and the poet is free to write on any subject, poetry is an art highly linked to the emotions, feelings and intellect of the writer.

That is to say, regardless of the theme to which it is alluded (patriotism, love, politics, nature, science), it is difficult to disconnect the emotions of the author of the text, there being several personal reasons (conscious or unconscious) that lead to writing Of this.

3 - Use literary figures

Since poetry is a literary genre different from that of narrative, it requires (as well as other genres) the use of literary figures, which help to express the ideas, emotions or history that the author intends to tell.

Not being written with the usual language with which people express themselves, even in poetic prose, the true message of a poem can be hidden, and is usually of free or open interpretation.

To this end, literary figures are used, that is, unconventional ways of using words.

The most notorious case is the use of metaphor , Which means the displacement of meaning between two terms with an aesthetic purpose.

This results in a description, often almost visual, that allows the reader to more easily understand the meaning of the text.

An example of a metaphor can be found in Don Quixote:"That his hair is golden, his forehead of elyseal fields..."

References

1. Poetry. (2017, June 21). Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia . Date of consultation: 04:18, June 27, 2017 from es.wikipedia.org

2. Poem. (2017, June 23). Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia . Date of consultation: 04:18, June 27, 2017 from es.wikipedia.org

3. Poetry. (2017, June 27). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia . Retrieved 04:18, June 27, 2017, from en.wikipedia.org

4. Verse. (2017, June 19). Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia . Date of consultation: 04:18, June 27, 2017 from es.wikipedia.org

5. Metaphor. (2017, June 24). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia . Retrieved 04:18, June 27, 2017, from en.wikipedia.org

6. Metrics. (2017, June 19). Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia . Date of consultation: 04:18, June 27, 2017 from es.wikipedia.org

7. Stanza. (2017, June 12). Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia . Date of consultation: 04:18, June 27, 2017 from es.wikipedia.org

8. Verse. (2017, June 19). Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia . Date of consultation: 04:18, June 27, 2017 from es.wikipedia.org

9. Rhythm. (2017, June 22). Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia . Date of consultation: 04:18, June 27, 2017 from es.wikipedia.org

10. Meter (poetry). (2017, June 25). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia . Retrieved

11. Strophe. (2016, March 21). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia . Retrieved 04:18, June 27, 2017, from en.wikipedia.org

12. Elements of Poetry. In Lexiconic. Retrieved: 04:21, June 27, 2017, from learn.lexiconic.net.

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What are the Parts of a Main Poem? (Structure)

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The Parts of a poem Main are the title, verse, stanza, rhythm, metric and author. Poetry is a literary genre…

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Demonstrates that similes are used to make a comparison, and states that similes often contain the words “like” and “as.” The segment also reads a simile from “The Secret Garden” by Frances Hodgson Burnett, and provides a video quiz that is based on the content of the segment.

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Declares that personification is the figure of speech tool that a writer uses to make a thing or animal act like a person, and demonstrates personification in “The Tortoise and the Hare” by Aesop and “The Velveteen Rabbit” by Margery Williams. The segment also provides a video quiz that is based on…

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Explains how metaphors help explain concepts and ideas through the usage of symbolism, and states that metaphors utilize one thing to represent something else. The segment also references passages from "Little Women" that contain metaphors, and provides a video quiz that is based on the content of the segment.

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Reveals that hyperbole is the obvious and intentional use of exaggeration for emphasis or comic effect, and includes the words of Lewis Carroll, John F. Kennedy, and Mark Twain. The segment also provides a video quiz that is based on the content of the segment.

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Teaches that allusion is handy when a writer wants to explain something without going too deeply, and states that the three things most alluded to are religion, Shakespeare, and Greek mythology. The segment demonstrates allusion with passages from "Walden" by Henry David Thoreau and the "Gettysburg Address" by Abraham Lincoln, and provides a video quiz that is based on the content of the segment.

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This segment defines figurative language and asks students to identify types of figurative language within a story about a rescue dog. A follow-up activity allows students to practice writing figuratively.