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a species on which other species in an ecosystem largely depend, such that if it were removed the ecosystem would change drastically.

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an association between two organisms in which one benefits and the other derives neither benefit nor harm. These fish follow the shark, they are not benefited or harmed by this.

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Animals may compete over food, water, and the space in a habitat.

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Competition is an interaction between organisms or species in which both the organisms or species are harmed. Two of these animals on the photo are fighting, both will hurt each other in the process.

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the preying of one animal on others. The bear had caught the fish so he can eat.

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he practice of living as a parasite in or on another organism. A tick biting a human, it can cause either diseases or allergic reactions.

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symbiosis that is beneficial to both organisms involved. The bee and the flower. Bees fly from flower to flower gathering nectar, which they make into food, benefiting the bees. When they land in a flower, the bees get some pollen on their hairy bodies, and when they land in the next flower, some of the pollen from the first one rubs off, pollinating the plant.

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pfiesteria is a genus of heterotrophic dinoflagellates that has been associated with harmful algal blooms and fish kills.

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dutch elm disease is a vascular wilt disease. The earliest external symptoms of infection are often yellowing and wilting (flagging) of leaves on individual branches (Figure 3).

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an infectious bacterial disease characterized by the growth of nodules (tubercles) in the tissues, especially the lungs.

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a highly contagious viral infection of the respiratory passages causing fever, severe aching, and catarrh, and often occurring in epidemics.

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a disease in which there is a severe loss of the body's cellular immunity, greatly lowering the resistance to infection and malignancy.

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The amount of trees or plants can differ an population because trees and plants can be either the habitat of a population or food. So, any to no habitat or food can lessen a population.

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The amount of food in a place is a limiting factor. If there's not much food in a habitat then it can differ the amount of animals there.

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A limiting factor can be the weather. There can be a season change, and a high number of the population doesn't adapt to it.

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A limiting factor is how much space a certain habitat has. If its not enough for a lot of the population than its a limiting factor.

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carrying capacity can be defined as a species average population size in a particular habitat.

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Movement can help with running from a predator, catching their prey, and other survival needs. A bird flies and narrows down to catch a mouse.

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camouflaging can help an animal blend in with something so they don't get spotted by a predator. Toads can camouflage, they either to use it to hide from their prey or predator.

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They rid themselves of waste products and of the nutritious by products of metabolism. A salamander excrete carrion dioxide through their skin then lungs.

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migration is used by an animals survival is moving to a different area where there's more food, water, shelter, etc. for the animals. Monarch butterflies migrate to California and Mexico for the winter.

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Habituation is a simple way of learning in which an animal after a period of exposure to stimuli, it stops responding. Squirrels are sitting at a park, when they see a person taking a picture they run away.

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Trial and error learning is when an animal comes to associate a particular behavior with the consequences they produce. Like an chimp is unable to reach food, so they get boxes stacked so they can reach it

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Classical conditioning is a learning process where two stimulis are being triggered. Dogs were conditioned to drool, a response that was associated with food upon hearing the sound of the bell.

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Imprinting is when a baby of an animal adapts the characteristics of their parents. A baby bird is hatched, and it sees its mother and her characteristics so the baby can identify the mother in situations.

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A learned behavior is when an organism or animal develops from an experience. When a dog is taught to sit, they get a treat. They develop that learning process and it becomes a learned behavior.

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An instinct is when an certain reaction is triggered by a certain stimuli. An example is an deer feeling a preys presence, so their instinct is to run.

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This is a bear in a cave, in a deep sleep because of the seasons changing. This is an example of hibernation.

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this is a picture of an animal going into their habitat, being dormant since of the temperature. This is an example of estivation.

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estivation is when animals goes into dormant because of weather conditions (hot, dry), and unlike estivation, hibernation is when animals go into a deep sleep and don't move at all

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pheromones are chemicals that are carried between individual organisms of the same species; They can help them chemically communicate with scent like attracting a mate or identifying their territory

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These birds are using courtship as a display to communicate to one another their signals.

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referring to a way an organism fits into a community or ecosystem by their role. Garden spider is a predator, it prays among plants and an oak tree grows to dominate forest canopy, turning sunlight into food.

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fighting whoever invades, marked by sounds such as bird songs, or scents

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One way animals identify their territory is scent markings.