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There are several ways animals identify their territory. The most common way would be chemical communication,  meaning they leave urine sents behind.

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“Niche” describes the role an organism plays in a community. A species' niche encompasses both the physical and environmental conditions it requires (like temperature or terrain) and the interactions it has with other species (like predation or competition).”

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The first example of how animals defend their territory would be more on the aggressive side, meaning they would fight with all their power to let the intruder know they are invading their territory. Many animals use their sense to warn others there’s an invader. Lastly, they never leave their territory abandoned, they always leave someone protecting their area while others look for food or other necessary items.

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Here are 2 flamingos performing the courtship dance.

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Pheromones are chemical signals that have evolved for communication between members of the same species. For example, urine sniffing is a major way of communication between dogs because their urine contains pheromones.

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Estivation is a from of dormancy that some animals use to conserve energy under extreme hot and dry conditions.

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Hibernation is a way animals conserve energy to survive adverse weather conditions.

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A natural way or behavior example is a dog chasing he’s dinner.

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A perfect example of learned behaviors is training pets.

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Imprinting could be the process of a puppy observing and learning from its mother and siblings.

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Classical conditioning refers to a learning process where learning occurs by association.

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Trial and error learning in which an animal comes to associate particular behaviours with the consequences they produce.

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Habituation occurs when animals are exposed to the same stimuli repeatedly, and eventually stop responding to that stimulus.

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Animals travel relatively short distances to find food or more favorable living or breeding conditions.

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Excretion is the process by which  animals rid themselves of waste products and of the nitrogenous by-products of metabolism.

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Camouflage, also called cryptic coloration, is a defense or tactic that organisms use to disguise their appearance, usually to blend in with their surroundings.

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A learned biological behaviors.

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In nature, the population of a given area may reach carrying capacity  when the maximum population size is reached for a given area with limited resources.

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limiting factors that determine how many organisms can live in a
given place are { Food, water, nutrience, and space are all limiting factors} .

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This is a disease in which there is a severe loss of the body's cellular immunity, greatly lowering the resistance to infection and malignancy.

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Influenza is commonly called the flu, but it's not the same as stomach "flu" viruses that cause diarrhea and vomiting.

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The bacteria usually attack the lungs, but they can also damage other parts of the body. TB spreads through the air when a person with TB of the lungs or throat coughs, sneezes, or talks.

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Dutch elm disease is caused by a member of the sac fungi affecting elm trees, and is spread by elm bark beetles.

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Pfiesteria is a genus of heterotrophic dinoflagellates that has been associated with harmful algal blooms and fish kills.

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Mutualism describes the ecological interaction between two or more species where each species has a net benefit.

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Parasitism is a symbiotic relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or inside another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life.

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Predation is a biological interaction where one organism, the predator, kills and eats another organism, its prey.

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Competition is an interaction between organisms or species in which both the organisms or species are harmed.

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1. Food
2. Territory
3. Mates

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Commensalism is a long-term biological interaction in which members of one species gain benefits while those of the other species neither benefit nor are harmed.

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A species on which other species in an ecosystem largely depend, such that if it were removed the ecosystem would change drastically.

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Prairie dogs are another good example of a keystone species. They help their environment by distributing water and keeping vegetation levels low.

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Hummingbirds are also a keystone species. Hummingbirds help to pollinate many different plants, and without them, most of these plants and even other species would die off.

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Sharks are an example of a keystone species. They help regulate fish populations and clean the ocean.