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INP - Ted Baker X Takashi Murakami by Rachael Lima reduced size

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Over the past 6 months I have learnt a lot about what skills are needed to work as a buyer in the fashion industry. I have improved my skills in Excel and learnt abut merchandising and building ranges for various brands. The INP has build my confidence in being able to work under pressure and I know I have the ability to create brand reports, SWOT analysis' and am able to plan a critical path for sourcing.

I have thoroughly enjoyed this INP project as I had freedom to create a range I was passionate about and although some apsects of it didn't go to plan I was able to think quickly and overcome these struggles in order to complete the task to the best of my abilities.

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My range has a total of 30 options including tops, bottoms, knitwear and jackets. The planned turnover including 20% markdown is £7,883,200.
The planned total buy at cost is £1,457,083 and a planned buy at retail is £9,854,000. This is due to be a very successful range with very high profits if sales go as well as planned.
The launch date is 12/09/2021 and is due to be on sale for 8 weeks, but if sales go well it may sell out a lot quicker.

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INP Seasonal Range Plan with VAT TB X TM

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INP Seasonal Range Plan with VAT TB X TM

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Today we had to opportunity to have 1:1s with Michaela to talk about my INP and see what I could improve on. The feedback I received was very helpful, it was mentioned that I needed to add more information about sustainability as that is my main focus for my range, to have a 100% sustainable collection. From this I have researched even further on sustainable fabrics such as the benefits of organic cotton and wool, and why recycled denim is on the rise and why it is a better choice.
I also was able to research into sustainable ways to dye textiles which I hadn't actually thought of before but in order to have a fully sustainable range I would need to think about how I would achieved the colours I wanted for my products. I came to the decision that bacteria dyed yarns is the best solution to the colours i want to achieve.
It was also brought to my attention that my launch date of the 12th of July was too early for an A/W collection and that it would be more suitable to have a launch date of around August or September. I realised that I made a mistake with this and took it the feedback on board. I have now changed my launch date to the 12th September which is right on time for Autumn and Winter. I have also had to change the dates for the exhibition event to 5th & 6th of September, this gives enough time to get people excited about the limited edition collection before its release date.

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We use organic cotton to create products in a way that enriches the environment and improves conditions for farmers.

What is organic cotton?

Organic farming works with nature, instead of against it.

Organic cotton farming was developed by social entrepreneurs, farmers and NGOs who - like many of us - did not like the overuse of pesticides, or the social problems caused by production practice, including farmer debt and sickness caused by chemicals.

Organic cotton eliminates the use of toxic and persistent chemicals, improves soil health and increases water conservation. All of which is better for the environment, and for farmers and their communities.

These benefits explain why we have been increasing the amount of certified organic cotton we use in our collections over the years. Today, 61% of the cotton we use is certified organic. We use organic cotton across all of our collections and products - we use it in our kidswear, denim, jersey, knitwear, shirting, dresses, shoes and bags.

The benefits of organic cotton

Conventional cotton farming has a significant environmental impact. It requires toxic pesticides and fertilisers, which causes biodiversity loss and can damage farmers' health. Cotton crops are also highly water-intensive. It can take more than 20,000 litres of water to produce 1kg of cotton; equivalent to a single T-shirt and pair of jeans.¹

Organic cotton farming offers a solution. It is a more balanced way of producing cotton that considers the whole ecosystem.

Organic cotton farming also supports biodiversity and healthy ecosystems, and helps to mitigate climate change by increasing the ability of soils to sequester carbon.

Organic farming techniques use significantly less water as the crops are mainly rain-fed instead of irrigated. And because there are no toxic chemicals used in organic farming, there are no unnecessary toxins going into the ground. This enriches the soil and helps biodiversity to flourish.

Organic cotton farming is also beneficial to farmers. Under the right conditions, organic farming offers better livelihoods because farmers do not have to rely on expensive chemicals. Also, the premium prices paid for organic products helps farmers to increase their incomes. And not using hazardous pesticides and chemical fertilisers is better for farmers' health.

Types of cotton

Organic cotton

Organic cotton is grown without the use of toxic and persistent pesticides and synthetic fertilisers.

Organic farming requires crop rotation and composting, which promotes soil health and helps lock CO2 into the soil, helping to mitigate climate change.²

Organic cotton does not use genetically modified seeds.

Conventional cotton

Cotton alone accounts for almost 7% of all employment in some low-income countries.³

Conventionally grown cotton uses more insecticides than any other single crop, nearly $2.6 billion worth of pesticides are sprayed on cotton fields each year.⁴

Cotton production uses 2.5% of the world's arable land, but accounts for 16% of all pesticides used; in India 50% of all pesticides are used for cotton production, with negative impacts on farmers' health.⁵

Organic certifications

We believe that standards and certifications when used correctly can be one of the most powerful tools in the industry. They support the integrity of product claims by providing verification from an independent third-party.

We only use organic cotton that has been certified to the GOTS or OCS standard.

Cotton in the EP&L

In terms of volumes, cotton is our most used raw material.

In 2016 around 60% of all the cotton we used in our products was organic.

Using our EP&L tool, we are able to compare the average environmental impacts of conventional vs. organic cotton farming per kilogram of cotton.

The environmental impacts of conventional cotton production are driven by the large quantities of water required to cultivate the crop, the conversion of land for agricultural use, and the heavy use of toxic pesticides and fertilisers.

Organic farming has a much lower environmental impact; it uses significantly less water from local water resources and does not allow the use of toxic chemicals, which improves soil health and reduces water pollution impacts.

The future of cotton

In order to ensure that the cotton we use is being grown in a regenerative way, we are working on gaining farm-level traceability for our cotton. In 2016, we were able to trace the origins of 94% of the cotton used back to the country it came from.

The next step is to map the cotton to the farm-level to gain better insights into on-the-ground practices and measurement of improvements to soil. Soil is an important carbon sink so improving soil health is a vital natural climate solution, and we want to make sure we are doing everything we can to mitigate against climate change.

Cotton supply chain map

¹ Cotton Farming, WWF

² Organic Cotton, Soil Association

³ Cotton overview, WWF

⁴ ' The Deadly Chemicals in Cotton ', Environmental Justice Foundation

⁵ Chemical Cotton, Rodial Institute

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We use organic cotton to create products in a way that enriches the environment and improves conditions for farmers. What is organic cotton? Organic farming works with nature, instead of against it.

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Bacteria Dyed Textiles: The New Alternative to Synthetic and Plant Dyes

Water waste and chemicals are two disadvantages commonly associated with the production of synthetic dyes. The Vienna Textile Lab created an innovative alternative by using strands of bacteria to create the dye, which can then be applied to textiles.

Bacteria dyed textiles are derived from naturally occurring bacteria, making them a 100% natural and chemical free. Bacteria are identified and grown to extract colorants that are then purified into pigments. During this process, no crude oil is needed, unlike in the production of many synthetic colors.

It also has an advantage over the production of vegetable and plant dyes which are dependent on seasons, weather conditions and geography. Instead, suitable bacterial strains are stored in laboratories and can be reproduced and multiplied at any time. The color is dependent on the type of bacteria used. Colors such as blue, purple, red, yellow, and orange have been achieved so far. All have superior colorfastness and they can be applied to a variety of different materials such as cotton, wool, angora, and polyester.

About Vienna Textile Lab

The Austrian company is making quite an impact by reinventing the way the world sees textiles. Founder, Karin Fleck and her team are on a mission to make dying fabrics easier and more ecologically friendly.

Vienna Textile Lab plans to sell the finished dyed fabric during the beginning stages of commercialization. In the future, the company plans to license out the technology to textile mills. Applications include fashion, footwear, accessories, upholstery, and bedding.
Join the Material Connexion Database to See More

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Material Insight: Bacteria Dyed Textiles // Material ConneXion

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Water waste and chemicals are two disadvantages commonly associated with the production of synthetic dyes. The Vienna Textile Lab created an innovative alternative by using strands of bacteria to create the dye, which can then be applied to textiles. Bacteria dyed textiles are derived from naturally occurring bacteria, making them a 100% natural and chemical free.

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During classes we have been learning about what research we can carry out, and learning the difference between qualitative and quantitative  data, surveys are able to give me quantitative data as in my survey I am not asking open ended questions but more single answer questions.
When doing the merchandising for my range I will be thinking about having around an 80% margin due to the fact that Ted Baker is a higher end fashion company meaning the profits will be higher, also as I am doing an artist collaboration the artist would need to receive a share of the profits.

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INP Seasonal Range Plan with VAT TB X TM 5

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INP Seasonal Range Plan with VAT TB X TM 4

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INP Seasonal Range Plan with VAT TB X TM 3

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INP Seasonal Range Plan with VAT TB X TM 2

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Sustainability is the main focus for this range so I have been looking into which fabrics and materials will be most suitable, after researching on WGSN i have found that the most suitable fabrics will be organic cotton and wool, recycled cotton and recycled denim. In order to sustainably print the artwork onto the garments I will be using the digital printing method which is best as it produces less waste and doesn't let out harmful chemicals into the environment.
At this point of the INP I believe I am in target with my plan in order to complete the project on time.

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Marketing to Millennials: How Luxury Brands Build Hype

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Marketing to Millennials: How Luxury Brands Build Hype

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This range is going to be produced in Turkey as the country has a vide range of resources available including organic fabrics and trims. Although the prices may be higher compared to sourcing further abroad such as China or India, the transportation times will be much quicker. Turkey have a strong background heritage in manufacturing therefore has more knowledge about production. As this range will be 100% sustainable I will be using Organic materials such as Organic cotton, recyclable cotton etc. and Turkey is one of the top 10 producers in cotton and wool.

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Ted Bakers' target market is 18-40 year olds. For this range I will be planning it around this age group so it appeals to Ted Baker's  current target consumer group. For my customer profile section I have based the range around a male who is in early 30s who is a graphic designer, as he works in a creative field the range will appeal to him as it is based around art which is colourful and stands out.

As my customer is a millennial I will be researching further into their buying habits and how to market to a millennial.

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For some designs in my range I will be including some of the artists artworks on the clothing such as printed hoodies and shirts.
As my range is focusing on being sustainable I have had to find a way to include prints without using dyes that will harm the environment and without producing a lot of waste.
The way I will be doing this is by digitally printing on the fabrics.
By printing directly onto the fabric means less waste is produced as you are only printing on the amount needed. No chemicals are used that will be put into the atmosphere.
Overall an easier, more precise method of printing that doesn't have a negative affect on the environment.

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As the awareness of sustainability grows throughout our industry, and the community that it serves, we are witnessing a huge swing towards sustainable supply.

Digital printing technologies are by nature more sustainable than traditional analog alternatives, and offer a way forward towards clean, efficient, profitable manufacturing. As an industry all sectors of the textile community are embracing sustainable manufacturing practice, from the fibers that we choose to spin, the fabric preparation chemistry that we use to coat and finish, through to the print machinery and inks formulations with which we print. Massive investment has and continues to be made within every sector, many of which now collaborate to futher develop innovative new stream-line processes and technologies.

Sustainability can only exist alongside supply chain transparency, and collaboration is the key to success.

Digital Print Technologies and CAD /CAM software offer a sustainable solution to the negative environmental impact of traditional textile manufacturing practices.

Caption: Image Credit: Kornit Digital: "Sustainability is one of the key trends and directions today and public awareness for a better and greener planet is rising, the textile industry shift towards digital printing aligns with reducing its environmental impact". Sharon Donovich | KORNIT DIGITAL

Textile manufacturing across multiple industries using analogue technology previously consumed massive resources and generated (now valuable) waste as a bye product.

Prior to Digital disruption the Textile industry consumed massive amounts of water and energy, contaminating the environment with dye stuff and numerous toxic chemicals used in the manufacture of both textile fabrics, inks, printing and the finishing of products.

Digital Textile Printing saved over 40 billion litres of water worldwide in 2018. Offering an efficient solution when compared to traditional water usage for rotary screen printing which is in the region of 50-60 litres of water per metre. Digital Textile Printing also uses smaller quantities of colour, typically 10% of the volume used when compared to screen printing. Using pigment inks as an example, and its requirement for fixation only finishing (no washing) uses less than 10 litres of water per metre.

Digitally Printed Cotton virtually eliminates the consumption of water and the discharge of noxious effluents. Using low volumes of liquid dispersions of Pigment Colours, therefor offering a positive environmental impact. Digital Textile Printing using Pigments also removes the need for water and energy greedy post processing, since colour fastness is achieved by heat fixation alone as opposed to lengthy steam fixation and washing off procedures.

Caption: Image Credit: Sensient: "Sensient is committed to sustainable developments and any new technology developed is rooted in a need to consider total environmental impact". Simon Daplyn | SENSIENT

Today the Digital print Industry offers a clean future for the environment and as the consumer and buyer becomes more conscious of their environmental choices, and the true impact that those choices make, digital technologies and their application will continue to move forward to replace unsustainable inefficient manufacturing.

The hidden waste within manufacturing is now being addressed and harnessed with innovative re-cycling processes whether that be energy, water, textile fibers, inks or the fabrics we consume, and this sector continues to expand to meet the demands of the environmentally conscious consumer.

Caption: Image Credit: Roland DG: "Our commitment to sustainability has always been strong and with greater attention on the issue globally, this is an area we continue to invest in at every opportunity". ROLAND DG.

As we move towards "Circular Design" we have to be both conscious of, and responsible for the origination and the future life of the textiles we create. Re-cycling offers extended life for many of the fibres used in textile production as do "fibre to fibre" re-cycling initiatives for Closed loop textile supply chains.
Re-purposing our discarded textiles and waste products offers a viable solution for Circular Design. The choices we make in our design practices all have an impact on the future cycle of the product. Choosing sustainable textiles and practice is now corporate policy for many large brands who seek to improve their global impact on the environment.

How we design our products is also paramount. Utilising AR and CAD / CAM as an industry we are massively reducing waste. Both within the design process but equally in the production process utilizing digital sampling, automated pattern grading and cutting, print placement and print on demand business models for customized manufacturing.

We also see a new industry emerging for supply chain management, whereby large companies, brands and independents can source their finished products through sustainable practitioners who provide transparent manufacturing. Such companies offer managed sourcing from their partners and thereby guarantee certified sustainable manufacture to defined production objectives for Brands and Retailers.

Regulation in many sectors isn't yet compulsory and so we now also see multiple options for voluntary certification being readily accepted and utilized across the textile supply chain. Oeko-tex, GOTS, SEDEX, to name just a few now help to define supply chain transparency.

Sustainability Statements:

Recently winning the Responsible Care for Sustainability Commitment Award the CHT group received the award for the process that controls the reduction of critical raw materials in the company.

"This project was started by CHT in 2015 as part of its commitment to sustainability. Since then 1,900 raw materials have already been valued. 20 percent of these were classified as critical, 8 percent were already replaced. In addition, CHT defined ten critical raw materials that are to be replaced or significantly reduced by 2020. CHT has therefore initiated new research and development projects for environmentally friendly and health-compatible raw materials and supplied its customers with the new substances. According to the assessment of the national expert jury, such a project in a medium-sized chemical company serves as milestone". CHT GROUP

Sensient: " Sensient is committed to sustainable developments and any new technology developed is rooted in a need to consider total environmental impact. Recently released products are certified for Eco-Passport by OEKO-TEX but also aim to deliver savings on total consumption, water and energy use and reductions in waste whilst maintaining the highest standards of quality in printing and application performance. Sensient is working with partners around the world to develop inks and processes that make a difference in terms of sustainability." SIMON DAPLYN | SENSIENT

Roland DG: "Our commitment to sustainability has always been strong and with greater attention on the issue globally, this is an area we continue to invest in at every opportunity. There are sound commercial reasons for us to adopt this stance - our customers and their customers are much more conscientious about their direct and indirect impact on the environment and this is playing a greater influence on buying decisions.

As has been the case for many years, all of Roland's manufacturing facilities in Japan have been designed to be carbon neutral. Great effort is made to ensure that the components within our devices are recyclable and the same can be said for the packaging we use to transport our devices.

Developing environmentally friendly ink is a priority for Roland and we make a conscious effort to cut down on the use of controlled chemicals, for example, those outlined in the Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (PRTR). Our challenge is to create ink that exceeds the standards of sustainability whilst maintaining the exceptional quality our customers expect. Meanwhile, we have significantly reduced our environmental impact by changing the packaging for our ink from rigid plastic cartridges to flexible foil packaging.

We have made great strides in developing inks and software to maximize the efficiency of our devices, ensuring that consumption is never higher than necessary. By providing effective and efficient solutions at reasonable prices, businesses can easily make the transition from more wasteful, traditional systems and adopt more efficient technology. In turn, companies who use our newer devices consume less water and electricity" .ROLAND DG

Kornit Digital: "In today's world, the number one environmental risk factor in textiles is water pollution. The amount of water currently used, wasted, and polluted is huge and actually the amount of water used in conventional dyeing and textile print processes could fill the Mediterranean Sea every two years.

As sustainability is one of the key trends and directions today and public awareness for a better and greener planet is rising, the textile industry shift towards digital printing aligns with reducing its environmental impact. Kornit's technologies are leading this effort with a 100% waterless process utilized in every single printing system we manufacture. No pre-treatments, steaming or washing is required, and as part of Kornit's waterless printing system, the biodegradable ink and energy saving process makes Kornit an eco-friendly printing solution" Sharon Donovich | KORNIT DIGITAL

"Sustainability" is just one word that seeks to define an unquantifiable number of actions and processes within the vast textile supply chain. Navigating through a sustainable supply chain is not currently easy. Educating the consumer or buyer to truly understand the positive social, economic and environmental impact of clean, sustainable manufacturing has driven the industrial sector to engage and collaborate directly with brands to share knowledge, develop new technologies and provide transparency.

From Chemistry and Textiles, onto to Inks, Digital Print Machinery and Software, "Sustainability" is at the Heart of the Digital Printing Industry...

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Sustainability is the paradigm of digital textile printing

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As the awareness of sustainability grows throughout our industry, and the community that it serves, we are witnessing a huge swing towards sustainable supply. Digital printing technologies are by nature more sustainable than traditional analog alternatives, and offer a way forward towards clean, efficient, profitable manufacturing.

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After researching on sustainable fabrics and textiles, the materials i will be focusing on using Organic Cotton, Recyclable Cotton, Organic Wool, Recycled Polyester, Recycled Denim.

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Takashi Murakami's work is bright, colourful and vibrant. By collaborating his work with Ted Baker's simple yet sophisticated style will bring in a new audience and give shoppers a outlook on the brand. That Ted Baker is able to be versatile with their new collections by adding new colours and styles, and by introducing artists in their work to get new insights and ideas, to push the brand out of their comfort zone.

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This detailed PESTEL analysis of Turkey aims to explore some of the political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal factors affecting Turkey today. Turkey is a beautiful country. It is also a major emerging economy and a key regional power.

Turkey, officially known as the Republic of Turkey, is a powerful transcontinental country bordered by Greece, Bulgaria, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iran, Iraq, and Syria. It also borders Egypt, Cyprus, Romania, Russia and Ukraine by sea. It is a secular state and was a parliamentary representative democracy until 2017 when a presidential system of government was adopted through a referendum. The new system makes the President of the Republic the Head of State. Turkey was once the centre of the Ottoman Empire.

Turkey is an important member of some of the biggest institutions in the world such as the United Nations, the IMF, the World Bank, the OECD, the OIC, the EEC, NATO, and G20. It is an ally of the United States of America. However, Turkey's purchase of Russian S-400 has strained its relationship with the USA and the latter has recently removed the former from the F-35 fighter jet programme (BBC, 2019). Turkey also faced a big political challenge in 2016 when a military coup took place. The coup failed; however, created a lot of uncertainties and affected the political dynamics of the country. Similarly, the terrorist attacks, and political instabilities in neighbouring countries have affected Turkey to a great extent.

Although the political and security challenges stated above have been worrisome, Turkey is a relatively safe country to holiday and do business. The UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) has lifted several warnings on visiting Turkey that were in place for the past few years. Many other big nations also see Turkey as a safe place and advise their citizens on travelling there accordingly.

Turkey has made serious efforts to join the European Union, however, any significant progress is yet to be seen. When and if it happens, Turkey will have access to one of the biggest markets in the world with perhaps freedom of movement for its citizens. However, Turkey and the EU are engaged in a dispute over the divided island of Cyprus. Likewise, many analysts see Ankara's deepening relationship with Moscow as an obstacle to the accession to the European Union.

Turkey is a major emerging economy and a key regional power. It is a member of the MINT block. The term 'MINT', coined by famous British economist Jim O'Neill, stands for Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria and Turkey. Turkish GDP in 2018 was $769 billion and the GDP per capita for the same year was $ 9,445 (World Bank, 2019). Turkey is currently an upper-middle-income country. This has been made possible particularly due to the impressive social and economic developments (increased employment and incomes) the country has been making since 2000.

Turkey is one of the biggest exporters of a number of commodities. Its top exports are cars, gold, delivery trucks, vehicle parts, and jewellery. Other notable exports are knit T-shirts, raw iron bars, wheat flours, refined petroleum, and buses. Turkey's top imports are gold, refined petroleum, cars, vehicle parts, scrap iron, broadcasting equipment, and coal briquettes (Trading Economics, 2019). Germany is the top export destination of Turkey, while China is the top import origin. Turkey is the EU's 5th largest trading partner, both in exports and imports.

Companies in Turkey are charged taxes on net profits at a rate of %22 for the years 2018, 2019, and 2020 (PWC, 2019). The personal tax rates vary from 15% to 35%. People who earn less than 18,000 Turkish Iira a year are required to pay 15% tax, while 35% by those who earn over 148,000 Iira.

Social environment is the next issue to discuss in the PESTEL analysis of Turkey. The total population of Turkey is approximately 83 million as of July 2019 which makes up around 1.08% of the total population of the world (World meters, 2019). The life expectancy for men is 72 years while 79 years for women. Turkish is the official and major language, and Kurdish is widely spoken as well. Turkey is a secular state and the major religion is Islam.

Turkish people are generally welcoming and friendly, and many cities (particularly Istanbul) are multi-layered and multi-cultural. Sitting between East and West, and drawing elements from both continents have helped Turkey produce its own unique cultural identity. While many countries in Europe are facing challenges such as as ageing and shrinking populations, Turkey has a very young, dynamic, and well-educated population. This shows the country has a huge potential for productive employees who can meet the needs of domestic and international investors.

Turkey has hundreds of private TV and radio stations which compete with TRT, the state broadcaster. Likewise, it is rich and diverse in sports. Football is the most popular sport in the country; however, basketball, wrestling, volleyball, and handball are also very popular. Turkey is well-connected with the rest of the world due to its geographic location, and Turkish people have an international mindset. However, there are some social challenges facing the country today. For instance, social exclusion, poverty, and declining liberalism within the society can be considered in this regard.

The Turkish technology market is rapidly growing and going beyond the confines of cities to reach out to rural areas. Heavy government investment in the sector has been a major factor in the acceleration of progress. Turkish people are increasingly becoming technologically advanced and their demands for tech products are on a rapid rise as well. The use of e-commerce, fixed broadband, mobile broadband, PC, software and mobile banking services have increased manifolds over the years and created massive business opportunities for entrepreneurs (ITA, 2019).

Turkey has a vision of becoming one of the top 10 technologically advanced countries in the world by 2023. It also aims to make 80 percent of the population computer literate. However, establishing an infrastructure that is capable to meet the current demands and future potential developments is a challenge. Therefore, substantial progress must be made sooner than later, and both private companies and public institutions need to a have a clear digital strategy.

It goes without saying that Turkey is an insanely beautiful country. 37.6 million tourists visited the country in 2018 making it the 8 th most visited country in the world. Extremely friendly people, delicious food, crystal clear water, fanciful beaches, picturesque fishing villages, outstanding historical sites, stunning mosques, churches, synagogues, and World Heritage sites make Turkey one of the hottest holiday destinations on earth; hence great business opportunities for travel agents, tour operators, hotels, and airlines.

While Turkey is a great place to visit, it faces some enormous environmental challenges. No doubt that it's economic developments with massive industrial productions have caused higher levels of different types of pollution. Air pollution, marine pollution, climate change, deforestation, water scarcity, and nature degradation have added greater risks to the country's environment. However, the Turkish government has taken a number of initiatives to reduce the strain on the environment.

The last element to address in the PESTEL analysis of Turkey is the legal landscape of the country. The Turkish constitution, also known as the Constitution of 1982, ensures equal treatment for both nationals and foreigners. The judicial system is independent and impartial which ensures justice for everyone in judicial matters.

Discriminating employees on the basis of their religion, race, language, gender, political views, and other similar grounds is prohibited by the Turkish law. A full-time job comprises of 45 hours of work a week. Hours worked over that limit is considered over-time. Employees are entitled to annual holiday, the duration of which is determined by the length of service. For instance, people working 1 to 5 years in a company are entitled to a minimum of 14 working days paid annual holiday.

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Last update: 28 July 2019
References
BBC (2019) US removes Turkey from F-35 fighter jet programme, available at: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-49023115 (accessed 21 July, 2019)

ITA (2019) Turkey - Information and Communication Technology, available at: https://www.export.gov/article?id=Turkey-Information-and-Communications-Technology (accessed 22 July 2019)

PWC (2019) Turkey: Taxes on corporate income, available at: http://taxsummaries.pwc.com/ID/Turkey-Corporate-Taxes-on-corporate-income (accessed 20 July, 2019)

Trading Economics (2019) Turkey Imports, available at: https://tradingeconomics.com/turkey/imports (accessed 15 July 2019)

World Bank (2019) Turkey: Overview, available at: https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/turkey/overview (accessed 21 July, 2019)

World Meters (2019) Turkey population, available at: https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/turkey-population/ (accessed 20 July 2019)

Photo credit: Pixabay

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howandwhat.net welcome to the world of easy-to-use information!

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This detailed PESTEL analysis of Turkey aims to explore some of the political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal factors affecting Turkey today. Turkey is a beautiful country. It is also a major emerging economy and a key regional power.

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For my INP I will be able focusing my range on sustainability ensuring that all the materials sourced will be sustainable, organic and recycled materials. WGSN has a lot of reports on sustainability and fabrics and information on which fabrics are being used in AW 21.

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Supply Chain Transparency and Modern Slavery Statement – Ted Baker

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Takashi Murakami X Louis Vuitton collaboration 

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Takashi Murakami X Louis Vuitton collaboration 

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You might fondly remember the Louis Vuitton x Murakami Speedy bag as one of the handbag highlights of the early aughts. The artist Takashi Murakami's take on the brand's monogram canvas city holdall was the It-bag of choice for Paris Hilton, Lindsay Lohan and Jessica Simpson circa 2003. The latter celeb even took her rare Speedy on a camping trip to Yosemite in her MTV reality show, Newlyweds. Fast forward to 2020, and modern-day fashionistas who are obsessed with that era's style - including Kendall Jenner and Bella Hadid - are the ones carrying Murakami's splashy Speedy.

The collaboration, which premiered on the spring/summer 2003 runway, was not limited to the compact bowling bags. Creative director Marc Jacobs, who was at the helm of the French house from 1997 to 2013, invited Murakami to makeover Louis Vuitton's signature monogram collection with his distinctive colour-pop palette. From the elegant Alma to the distinctive Papillon, logoed LV bags were made riotous with injections of hot pink, turquoise, yellow and kelly green.

Monogramouflage and Cherry Blossom collections followed, as Murakami lent his cartoon-like artwork to Louis Vuitton accessories (some even featured manga-inspired characters nestled between LV stamps). With a wave of a monogrammed paint brush, the artist, who is famed for mixing high art with popular culture tropes, revitalised the heritage brand's classic accessories and catapulted Louis Vuitton to mainstream media attention.

"Our collaboration has produced a lot of works, and has been a huge influence and inspiration to many," Marc Jacobs said in 2009, when the Bilbao Guggenheim staged an exhibition of Louis Vuitton x Murakami designs. "It has been, and continues to be, a monumental marriage of art and commerce. The ultimate crossover - one for both the fashion and art history books."

Indeed, the collaboration was so popular that it was only phased out of stores in the summer of 2015, under the stewardship of current creative director Nicolas Ghesquière. During the 12-year Louis Vuitton x Murakami tie-up, the Multicolore monogram line was the most popular and each style has become a status symbol in its own right. The rarity of the pieces continues to drive up the price tags of the bags on second-hand platforms and consignment sites - particularly in 2020, when there is a lot of interest in the major commercial bag successes of the '90s and '00s. "We are always on the hunt for these one-of-a-kind items or pieces that will stand the test of time," Rewind Vintage Affairs founder and CEO, Claudia Ricco, recently told British Vogue of the lucrative resale market for limited-edition lines.

This now-iconic meeting of brand and artist was not a new concept for the house. In the '20s, the grandson of its founder Gaston-Louis Vuitton, who would later take the reins of the company, was a keen collector of artworks. His invitation to artists to deck out Louis Vuitton store windows sowed the seeds for the vast array of special projects Vuitton has conducted with creatives ever since. Prior to Murakami, Marc Jacobs commissioned Stephen Sprouse to graffiti over Louis Vuitton bags with his signature scrawl. It was a bold move for a brand that had originally held its logo as sacrosanct, but ultimately paid off and paved the way for others to reimagine the LV lettering.

Following Murakami, Louis Vuitton gave free reign to American painter Richard Prince and Japanese artist Yayoi Kusama to transform its leather goods in innovative ways that would cut through the mass market. James Turrell, Olafur Eliasson, Damien Hirst and Daniel Buren also put their stamp on the house's insignia via in-store and runway artworks. And the current ArtyCapucine collection sees the work of six contemporary artists - Beatriz Milhazes, Henry Taylor, Liu Wei, Josh Smith, Jean-Michel Othoniel and Zhao Zhao - emblazoned on the front of the brand's ladylike Capucine bags.

The affectionately-called ArtyCaps build on the special relationship between Louis Vuitton and the arts. Almost a century down the line, its commitment to innovation and raising up the work of creatives via its global platform is not to be underestimated. As Jacobs said, it's monumental. And, as Ricco attests, these unique collections will never go out of style.
More from British Vogue:

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This Was The Defining Fashion Collaboration Of The Noughties

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The Louis Vuitton x Murakami collaboration, which premiered on the Louis Vuitton spring/summer 2003 runway, saw then-creative director Marc Jacobs invite the artist Takashi Murakami to makeover Louis Vuitton's bags with his signature colour-pop palette. Here's why the Louis Vuitton x Murakami collection has found fans in Rihanna, Madonna, Jennifer Lopez and Kendall Jenner.

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Reiss Enduring Style Manifesto - Environmental Management and Sustainability Commitments 2020

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Reiss are looking for orginal, fashion-forward, stylish websites and blogs from around the world to join our affilates program.

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Richard Quinn made his way onto Liberty London's radar after unknowingly subverting its classic Carline print in his MA collection in 2016. The storied West End department store offered up five more prints for his debut spring/summer 2018 collection, which he distorted, fetishised on gimp suits and presented within the restored Tudor halls of Liberty.

Now, Liberty has let Quinn loose in its archives with the brief of reimagining a selection of its 45,000 prints on a line of accessories. The Peckham-based designer chose clippings from the '60s, '70s and '90s, and then splashed his mash-up of the Hydra, Dahlia, Carline, Ellen, Daisy and Phlox florals onto 30 accessories with Liberty written across each canvas in his hand.

"Liberty has been part of setting textile and print trends throughout history, so it was a great opportunity to find undiscovered prints that have not been reworked by the house, and to bring our different styles together," Quinn told Vogue ahead of the July 9 launch date. He referred back to the techniques he used during his first encounter with archive Liberty pieces as a graduate. "I reworked and art-worked a vintage piece of Carline fabric, and changed it into a more aggressive floral with a much larger scale and more saturation. Liberty saw this and thought it would be an interesting way to update and show off the archive."

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"His use of colour and texture captures the Liberty spirit," Amelia Hornblow, dicector of product at Liberty, added, before hinting that the collaboration would continue beyond the new line of accessories. "Liberty London is a launch pad for new talent and will continue to discover and work with inspiring people."

The campaign imagery incorporates the bodysuits and foil that have become Quinn signatures, and were styled by the print-master himself, with the aim of being "Insta-ready". "We had great references of contortion artists, and we played around with the idea of using a fully-printed woman. The bags were an extension of her," he explained. His handwriting was his final stamp on the heritage brand. "I did an embroidered veil as part of my MA collection at Central Saint Martins, and a few pieces since with my writing on them. It always gets a great reaction so it was nice to bring this element to the range." Liberty London x Richard Quinn will undoubtedly get such a reaction, too.

The collection will launch exclusively in store and online on July 9 during Liberty's store-wide "What a Liberty" campaign, with prices ranging from £70 to £695.

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Richard Quinn Teams Up With Liberty London On Accessories Line

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Richard Quinn made his way onto Liberty London's radar after unknowingly subverting its classic Carline print in his MA collection in 2016. The storied West End department store offered up five more prints for his debut spring/summer 2018 collection, which he distorted, fetishised on gimp suits and presented within the restored Tudor halls of Liberty.

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Whilst doing my comp shopping. I found out that Richard Quinn did a collaboration with Liberty. Which was focused on liberty fabrics and prints.
For primary research I made a survey, the questions asked about if the shoppers would spend more money on clothing if the materials were sustainabily sourced, if shoppers would be interesting in a fashion and art collaboration with an artist or designer they liked. From the survey I put the results in my project research.

Planning the range  was enjoyable, I did come across some difficulty deciding on colours that suited the artwork being printed on the garments. This was made easier by researching trending key colours for menswear which came up with 'unbleached' which is an off-white colour tone, due to sustainability being important to a lot of fashion brands 'unbleached' is a natural fabric that has been undyed, so a calico type colour. Seville Orange is also a colour that is going to be popular in AW collections, and brown tones. Autumn is the perfect time to introduce orange and brown tones to ranges. I have included some browns and oranges in my range.
Trends that we will be seeing a lot of in AW 21 includes high waist trousers, spliced panels and printed knitwear.

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After further research into 70's fashion I found myself stuck with the the idea, while the trend would fit in well with the Ted Baker brand it has been done already and wouldn't be an exciting new idea for Ted Baker. I decided to look into doing an artist collaboration with Ted Baker focusing on print. Takashi Murakami is a Japanese artist known for his colourful, print style paintings. Doing a customer profile has helped me gain a further understanding of who I will be creating this collection for and market it would to the right target customer. My target customers are males aged 25-35 . According to Acorn-CACI the target customer will be an Affluent Achiever, Metropolitan Money, Lavish Lifestyles.

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I have been planning for my INP, I will be focusing on menswear as I would like to learn more about menswear fashion and widen my knowledge. I have been focusing on womenswear prior to this which I have enjoyed but am now looking to push myself and improve on my researching skills.
I have been researching on WGSN for trends and have found on Buyers' Briefing A/W 21/22: Menswear Key Details what is trending for A/W 21 and found out that Retro Stripes are a key detail for menswear clothing. Retro stripes are also a trend that we will be seeing a lot of in menswear designs. I will start researching into retro stripes as a trend and looking into 70s fashion.

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- Ted launched luggage, home fragrance and audio, as well as collections for those with a head for heights (T for Tall, with champion swimmer and great friend of Ted, Mark Foster), a need for speed (Wiggle), an eye for luxury (Global: Luxe), and a bustling journey to work (Commuter). In the same year, Tedgot a makeover at Regent Street, and opened stores in Birmingham, Heathrow T2 and Abu Dhabi. He also opened a brand new Ted's Grooming Room in Soho and was 'reinvenTed' in the city that was home to the first ever Ted Baker store: Glasgow.

- The year started on a high as Ted added another Grooming Room to his line-up, this time on Mortimer Street. He set his sights on Amsterdam, staging a takeover of De Bijenkorf, before hopping on a plane and launching a bonza new Australian site. Following a collaboration that saw Ted Baker dress tennis ace James Ward for the grand slam circuit, he spent the summer on home soil Having a Ball with his tennis-inspired pop-up in Westfield.

A collection of crockery with Portmeirion preceded a range of bikes with Quella, followed by tiles with British Ceramic Tile and rugs with Brink & Campman. Opening standalone stores in Hawaii, Malibu and Amsterdam, as well as launching three pop-ups, Ted ensured the successes kept on coming.

- Ted launched the fully shoppable AW16 campaign Mission Impeccable, boasting Guy Ritchie as Executive Producer. Continuing the technical wizardry, he partnered with Google on some spy-themed window displays, utilising a world- first application of Voice Search to run a prize draw. Colour by Numbers, a contemporary new line for women, made its much-lauded debut. As always, the fresh brick and mortar came thick and fast with over 20 standalone stores globally, not to mention three new Grooming Rooms in London Town.

- Ted teed up a technical new golf collection. SS17's campaign Keeping Up with the Bakers, involving through-the-keyhole 360 VR experience, gossip-fuelled social campaign and nosey neighbour windows, became the talk of the town. Ted finally caught the proverbial bouquet with his Tie the Knot Bridal collection, kicked back with luxury loungewear from Ted Says Relax, and cottoned on to Cottoned On, Ted's architecture-inspired womenswear capsule. Menswear got its own Instagram channel, while new smells came courtesy of Tonics, a trio of men's aftershave. New stores opened in St. Pancras, Oxford and Bicester, as well as Miami, Tokyo, Sydney, Paris and Kuala Lumpur overseas.

The celebratory mood continued in Ted's stores as ever, with plenty of new spots popping up both in Britain and abroad. Customers also said Bonjour and Guten Tag to French and German versions of tedbaker.com.

A grand extravaganza closed the year, with Ted's Christmas Party campaign showcasing festive celebration skills. As if that wasn't enough, Ted rounded off his 30th year with a momentous undertaking: his first advertising campaign. Running across everything from billboards to buses to magazines, it featured plenty of his signature humour and one of his iconic womenswear pieces.

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Ted launched luggage, home fragrance and audio, as well as collections for those with a head for heights (T for Tall, with champion swimmer and great friend of Ted, Mark Foster), a need for speed (Wiggle), an eye for luxury (Global: Luxe), and a bustling journey to work (Commuter).

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Having launched as a shirt specialist of some repute in Glasgow Ted Baker quickly became the place to buy some of the very best contemporary men's shirting around.

From the beginning Ted has had a very clear, unswerving, focus on quality, attention to detail and a quirky sense of humour, so much so in fact that the first stores used to provide a laundry service for every shirt purchased - something that gained the quickly growing brand the title of 'No Ordinary Designer Label'. Everything produced under the Ted Baker name has his personality woven into its very heart.

* Ted Baker is one of the fastest-growing leading lifestyle brands in the UK.
* The collections have expanded rapidly since its beginnings as a menswear brand in Glasgow in 1987.
* Today Ted Baker offers a wide range of collections including: Menswear, Womenswear, Global, Endurance, Pashion, Langley, Accessories, Fragrance, Skinwear, Footwear, Eyewear and Watches.
* Ted Baker has a portfolio of stores in the UK and USA and is also present in leading department stores.
* After signing three new territorial license agreements in 2006 and initially opening stores in Hong Kong, Singapore and Dubai we've continued our expansion in 2007 with the opening of a further store in Hong Kong, Singapore, Bangkok, three in Kuala Lumpur and two each in Dubai and Jakarta. We also have locations in Taiwan and Bangkok.

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Having launched as a shirt specialist of some repute in Glasgow Ted Baker quickly became the place to buy some of the very best contemporary men's shirting around.

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Category 1 - Affluent Achievers
Group A - Lavish Lifestyles
Type 2 - Metropolitan Money

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We want to see the newest things. That is because we want to see the future, even if only momentarily. It is the moment in which, even if we don't completely understand what we have glimpsed, we are nonetheless touched by it. This is what we have come to call art.
-Takashi Murakami

Drawing from traditional Japanese painting, sci-fi, anime, and the global art market, Takashi Murakami creates paintings, sculptures, and films populated by repeated motifs and mutating characters of his own creation. His wide-ranging work embodies an intersection of pop culture, history, and fine art.

Murakami earned a BA, MFA, and PhD from Tokyo University of the Arts, where he studied nihonga (traditional Japanese painting). In 1996 he established the Hiropon Factory, a studio/workshop that in subsequent years grew into an art production and artist management company, now known as Kaikai Kiki Co. Ltd.

Since the early 1990s Murakami has invented characters that combine aspects of popular cartoons from Japan, Europe, and the US-from his first Mr. DOB, who sometimes serves as a stand-in for the artist himself, to various anime characters and smiling flowers, bears, and lions. These figures act as icons and symbols-hosts for more complex themes of violence, technology, and fantasy.

In 2000 Murakami curated Superflat, an exhibition featuring works by artists whose techniques and mediums synthesize various aspects of Japanese visual culture, from ukiyo-e (woodblock prints of the Edo period) to anime and kawaii (a particular cuteness in cartoons, handwriting, products, and more). With this exhibition, Murakami advanced his Superflat theory of art, which highlights the "flatness" of Japanese visual culture from traditional painting to contemporary subcultures in the context of World War II and its aftermath.

Murakami's work extends to mass-produced items such as toys, key chains, and t-shirts. In 2002 he began a multiyear collaboration with Marc Jacobs on the redesign of the Louis Vuitton monogram. Murakami then took the radical step of directly incorporating the Vuitton monograms and patterns into his paintings and sculptures. While Murakami's imagery may appear to present unprecedented characters and forms, many contain explicit art historical references, and some are even direct contemporary updates on traditional Japanese works.

In 2009 Murakami and the esteemed art historian Nobuo Tsuji began a creative dialogue centered on a group of Japanese artists known as the Edo eccentrics. This collaboration led to an exhibition at the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston in 2017, for which Murakami and Tsuji selected Japanese works from the museum's collection and showed them alongside works by Murakami. The latter included Dragon in Clouds-Red Mutation: The version I painted myself in annoyance after Professor Nobuo Tsuji told me, "Why don't you paint something yourself for once?" (2010), a red monochrome version of the famous eighteenth-century painting Dragon and Clouds by Soga Shōhaku.

Following the Tōhoku earthquake of 2011 and the subsequent nuclear crisis at Fukushima, Murakami began deeply exploring the impact of historical natural disasters on Japanese art and culture. In his 2014 Gagosian exhibition at West 24th Street in New York, In the Land of the Dead, Stepping on the Tail of a Rainbow, he created an immersive installation of eclectic arhats; deliquescing clones of his fictional creature Mr. DOB; and karajishi, the mythic lions that guard Japanese Buddhist temples, that visitors entered through a replica of a sanmon (sacred gate).

Not only does Murakami merge different time periods, styles, and subject matter in his work, but his approach to art crosses the boundaries between gallery, studio, art fair, and media as well. Along with creating paintings and sculptures, he has hosted art fairs for emerging artists, curated exhibitions, and made films featuring his many characters and motifs. Combining fantasy, science, and history, he shows that none of these categories can be considered in isolation.

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Learn about the work and career of artist Takashi Murakami. Artworks, biography, exhibitions, editorial content, news, museum exhibitions, press, and more.

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SurveyMonkey Analyze - Ted Baker X Takashi Murakami

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Buy, bid, and inquire on Takashi Murakami: Flowers on Artsy. With 12 rounded petals and smiling faces, Takashi Murakami's flowers are celebrated for their display of joy and innocence. The Japanese artist's fascination ...

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I planned on visiting the Ted Baker store in London to gather information about the layout of the store, the products they have available on the shop floor and the size variations they have available for shoppers. I also intended on doing the same for Ted Baker's competitors e.g. Tommy Hilfiger, MK etc. Unfortunately due to the Coronavirus pandemic they announced a lockdown before I was able to do my comp shopping meaning the stores would be closed. Due to these circumstances I had to do my research online and visit the brands' websites to see what products they had available and in what sizes.
Ted Baker name their sizes by numbers e.g. Ted Baker size 1, size 1 being extra small. The shirts they had available came in a range of sizes from XS to XXXL (size 1-7).
Paul Smith are a competitor of Ted Baker's, when viewing their shirts on the online website i found they had less sizes available (only 5 sizes) meaning they don't cater to many sizes meaning a limited customer base.
Having to do a comparative shop from online websites is a lot more challenging as I wasn't able to physically see the clothing or get a feel for the layout of the store.

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It's easy to get buried in all the sustainable fabrics these days (just like that favorite tee you can never find). And so much of this innovation is just, well...strange. Fabrics made from apples and pineapples? What?!

All in all, there are new words to define, different processes to understand, various certification schemes to become familiar with, and conflicting practices to be aware of.

But that's what sustainable fashion really is - it's a combination of many different fluid facets which includes ethical business practices, supply chain transparency, minimal impact policies, give-back programs, and, arguably most important of all, the sustainable materials that make up our ethical wardrobe.

So perhaps one of the first questions you should ask yourself is (apart from #whomademyclothes) is: what are my clothes made of?

WHY ECO FRIENDLY FABRICS?

The type of fabric used to make your t shirt or pair of socks will determine how much environmental degradation it ends up causing - or the practices that reverse it.

Think about it: fabric choice directly affects the raw material sourcing (farming and petroleum drilling impact), material processing (chemicals needed to turn it into fiber), and end-of-life prospects (ways a garment can be disposed) like can it be recycled or composted?

That pair of socks is not so innocuous after all...

We weren't the first to say it and we won't be the last. When it comes to pollution, the fashion industry is one of the largest contributors in the world.

Not only does it pollute, but the materials that make up the fabrics used directly impacts and contributes to: consumption of water , microplastic pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, soil degradation, rainforest destruction and lastly landfill waste of epic proportions.

You probably wouldn't be wrong for thinking that sustainable and ethical fashion starts with fabric.

On the positive side, environmentally friendly fabrics are easy (mostly) to find - if you know where to look. And the brands that use them are staking their claim for a better fashion future. One that's good for people and the planet.

With that in mind, here's our list of some of the most sustainable fabrics that brands are using to change the game.

QUICK LINKS TO SUSTAINABLE FABRICS

Sustainable Natural and Vegan Fabrics

Sustainable Semi-Synthetic Fabrics (mostly vegan)

Vegan, Synthetic Fabrics

Animal Derived Natural Fabrics (sustainable depending on source)

6. ECONYL

To cover our recycled material basics (of the big synthetic material culprits), Econyl is simply recycled nylon. It uses synthetic waste from ocean plastic, abandoned fishing nets, waste fabric and forms them into new nylon fabric.

While it feels exactly the same as nylon, this fabric is made using a closed-loop system, and doesn't require as much water. While we're excited about this fabric and all the possibilities for eco friendly swimwear it's opened up, it has still been associated with some of those annoying microplastics that end up in our waterways.

SUSTAINABLE SEMI-SYNTHETIC FABRICS

8. LYOCELL

Lyocell (sometimes just known as TENCEL™, the trademark name of the fabric given to it by Austrian manufacturer Lenzing, the world's most reputable lyocell and modal producer) is a semi-synthetic, or cellulosic, fabric that has become very popular in the sustainable fashion world.

It's produced from the pulp of eucalyptus trees, which don't require a lot of water and pesticides. In the case of the TENCEL™ brand, only sustainably managed forests are used.

The manufacturing of lyocell is also sustainable, because it requires less water than other fabrics, and occurs in a "closed loop system" where up to 99.5% of dissolving agents can be reused.

But as we've said before, not all lyocell is the same. It's recommended to look for brands who only use TENCEL™ lyocell, or are very transparent about their sourcing and manufacturing practices.

Certifications & Standards: Oeko-Tex 100, Forest Stewardship Council

12. PINATEX

As you may suspect from the name (and picture above!), Piñatex comes from pineapples and has entered the sustainable fashion world as a sustainable and cruelty-free replacement for leather.

It's essentially a food byproduct, made from scrap pineapple leaves that are otherwise burned. It reduces waste and can biodegrade naturally even when frequently combined with wood-based PLA. Just note some Pinatex brands also cover it in non-biodegradable resins which sort of defeats the point. All in all though, tons of potential, so look out for this one!

Certifications & Standards: Oeko-Tex 100

14. S.CAFE

That cup of coffee can go a little further with S.Cafe. The process involves using ground coffee beans and turning them into yarn. The finished product dries quickly and provides natural UV protection.

You may smell like a latte all day 🙂 (though we wouldn't complain about that either), but you'll be dry, comfy, and eco-friendly while doing so!

15. QMONOS

If you wear something made with Qmonos, you'll feel like you're in a sci-fi movie. That's because this Japanese fabric is made from a synthetic spider silk, produced using microbes and spider silk genes.

The fiber is tougher than steel, yet still lightweight and comfy. It's completely biodegradable and, as they say in the movies, zero spiders were harmed in the making of this fabric.

17. APPLE ECO LEATHER

Another vegan leather option, Apple Eco Leather (or Pellemela, as it was originally known in Italian) is made from a waste of the apple juice industry. It's made by the Italian company Frutmat (by which it's also called, in a sort of Kleenex/tissue situation), which specializes in recycling biological waste.

On its own, it's fully biodegradable, as well as waterproof, breathable, and super durable. That's why you'll pretty much only find it in purses, wallets, handbags, and sneakers.

Certifications: Oeko-Tex 100

18. WOOCOA

Alternative plant-based wools have taken the world by storm, including this one - made from hemp, coconut fibers, and mushroom enzymes. This vegan wool is not only animal-friendly, but is also sustainable!

Mushrooms have made it into a lot of sustainable vegan fabrics recently, so stay tuned for more fungi fashion ...coming soon.

20. QMILK

QMilk has been self-proclaimed to be the "material of the future." And maybe it is! It sure sounds pretty futuristic. The material uses casein, a milk protein sourced as a byproduct of the dairy industry, to make a fabric that's natural, compostable, flame retardant, and silky smooth.

Note though that QMilk is not vegan.

22. MERINO WOOL

Merino sheep are different from other types of sheep in that they have wrinkly skin, which means more wool. A lot of the world's merino wool comes from Australia, and many operations use a gruesome procedure called " mulesing."

Ethical merino does exist, especially if it's sourced from New Zealand where animal welfare standards are extremely high and mulesing is not practiced. D on't be sheepish about asking brands the hard questions around transparent sourcing practices.

Certifications & Standards: ZQ Merino Standard, Responsible Wool Standard (RWS), Woolmark, and Climate Beneficial by Fibershed

23. ALPACA WOOL

Alpaca is considered to be one of the most ethical and eco-friendly wools. Alpacas are related to camels and most of the world's alpaca population is still raised in their native habitat (in Peru, generally).

Alpacas don't destroy their environment in the way that other livestock does, and they're more efficient eaters, too. Local Peruvian farmers generally respect these animals and raise them more humanely. In return, alpacas support local economies.

27. UPCYCLED OR VEGETABLE TANNED LEATHER

Leather is an animal-based fiber. It generally uses the skin of animals raised for meat (sustainably re-purposing a byproduct) but has also been criticized for both environmental and ethical reasons.

For starters, leather comes either from killing 1 billion animals per year for its own sake or from the meat industry as a byproduct (which is better, but still not great since the meat industry is one of the largest contributors to greenhouse gas emissions and heart breaking unethical treatment of animals).

Second, the process of tanning leather requires around 250 chemicals like arsenic and cyanide, which is equally bad for the earth as the tannery workers. Plus it can't biodegrade!

Only a few eco-friendly options exist. Ideally, the leather will be upcycled so you're just making the best of an unsustainable material that's already done its damage. If you're choosing virgin leather, make sure it's a byproduct; no animal should die for the sake of a coat or boot, no matter how sustainable the garment.

As for processing, Chrome free tanning is better than traditional tanning, but it's still a far cry from being sustainable. Instead, look for brands that specify the use of all natural dyes or vegetable tanning.

Still, even vegetable tanned leather isnt perfect because it takes a long time to biodegrade (despite the fact that it's technically a natural fiber).

Certifications & Standards: Ecolife™ by Green Hides, Oeko-Tex 100, and Bluesign, and the Leather Working Group

29. PEACE SILK

Silk - so soft the material name is used as an adjective. As you can imagine, silk is great for the skin (thanks to antibacterial properties) and great for the planet (thanks to it's complete compostability). It's produced by either 'wild silkworms,' or, in most cases, domesticated silkworms.

The production of silk, in theory, shouldn't harm the worms, but in some cases they end up dying when the silk is processed.

Sericulture (aka the silk industry) has also been associated with slave labor. This video breaks down some of their labor concerns with silk.

Some brands are experimenting with silk made of yeast, sugar, and water. Until then, if you're looking for sustainable silk, Peace Silk is the way to go.

Peace Silk uses a humane type of sericulture and verifies its production under the World Fair Trade Organization Guarantee system.

Also known as 'Ahisma Silk' the nonviolent production process allows the silkworm to live a natural and humane life and eventually evolve into a butterfly.

The silkworms are bred under natural conditions (with no fungicides, sprays, or insecticides). They're able to emerge on their own and carry on with their lives after the silk is collected.

That's right - no animals were harmed in this type of silk fabric production.

FINAL THOUGHTS ON SUSTAINABLE FABRIC TEXTILES

Unsustainable fashion is in a large part the result of poor fabric choice.

It harms humans or animals (often times both) in its production and will usually sit rotting in landfills for hundreds of years. By looking out for the fabrics listed here, you can take a stand and choose sustainable clothing and organic clothing that's made out of eco friendly fabrics.

Many fashion brands are responding to customer demands - and science is catching up. What were once futuristic fabrics are now becoming a reality. Never before has there been such an exciting time for fashion!

Between the natural fibers, sustainable synthetic fabrics, and the funky futuristic fibers listed here, there's a lot to think about when it comes to some of the world's most sustainable and ethical fabrics.

Did we include the best sustainable fabrics? Is there some crazy new one we haven't heard of yet? Let us know in the comments!

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29 Sustainable Fabrics for the Most Eco Friendly Fashion

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It's easy to get buried in all the sustainable fabrics these days (just like that favorite tee you can never find). And so much of this innovation is just, well...strange. Fabrics made from apples and pineapples? What?!

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Here at Ted, we're all about feel good fashion - we want you to look and feel great, safe in the knowledge that we're making ethical choices when creating your clothes. As we continue to work hard on creating more and more styles from responsibly sourced materials, we've created this page to make shopping that little bit easier when it comes to your sustainable wardrobe.

Shop Women's Shop Men's

Feel Good Clothes

These lovely pieces are all made from more than 50% responsibly sourced materials (meaning they use less water, energy or chemicals in the production process). This includes items made from eco-friendly materials like recycled polyester and organic cotton.

Make a Splash

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Conscious Shop | Recycled & Conscious Clothes | Ted Baker UK

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Here at Ted, we're all about feel good fashion - we want you to look and feel great, safe in the knowledge that we're making ethical choices when creating your clothes. As we continue to work hard on creating more and more styles from responsibly sourced materials, we've created this page to make shopping that little bit easier when it comes to your sustainable wardrobe.

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I started planning for my INP by making a mind map of all my ideas that I have. I usually focus on womenswear and in my past projects I have done womenswear, but I now realise that I would like to explore new avenues and by focusing on menswear this will allow me to learn about the the men's sector of the fashion industry. I also thought about doing a unisex range but the designer I would like to focus on is Ted Baker and they have always been known as a menswear brand until womenswear was included, I don't think it will benefit the brand to create a unisex range for Ted Baker as the do not have a market for unisex at the moment.