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He was a Metis man born in the Red River Settlement in 1844. He trained for priesthood but did not graduate, and eventually returned to the RRS in 1868 as a well-educated man, later becoming a leader for the Metis people.

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Became leader of the Canadian Party in 1869. The CP promoted annexation of the Red River from the Canadian government. He was the leading opponent to Louis Riel's government, and was imprisoned by the Louis Riel government in December of 1869. He later escaped and left for Ontario, speaking against the Riel government.

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Established in 1822 as a trading post for the Hudson Bay Company, it was also used as a military garrison and prison. Louis Riel met with McDougall and declared that any attempt to enter the Red River Colony would be blocked unless the Canadian government negotiated terms with the Metis fist. On November 2nd the Metis, led by Louis Riel, seized Fort Garry with 400 Metis.
They attempted to capture anti-Metis CP members, though while securing the fort nine members escaped. Of the men, Schultz and Thomas Scott were recaptured. Scott was verbally abusive towards Riel whilst in captivity, and was executed by firing squad on March 4th. Thomas Scott became a martyr for that faction of Canadians whom were anti-French and anti-Catholic.

These events impacted the views of the Metis people, along with the view of them by the English government. It helped push the belief of the government that the Metis were something they needed to get rid of.

This was important to the RRR because it helped in pushing the people of the rebellion closer to their goals, although the government was not appreciative of the men killed.

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Led a military expedition to combat Louis Riel and the Metis, but called it a "peace settlement". This took place at the RRC, which is now Manitoba, and was intended to suppress the rebellion, but ultimately arrest and convict Riel of rebellion against the government. This caused Riel to flee in fear of being lynched and charged with war crimes, which ended the RRR.

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MacDougall negotiated and created Manitoba, giving 200000 hectares of land to the Metis, and 607000 to the children of Metis descent. Colonel Wolseley and 1200 other men were sent to peacekeep during the negotiations. Riel and his men were not given amnesty, and were forced to flee to the U.S. before the troops arrived. After the rebellion, the Metis' living conditions were incredibly harsh, and moved further west, where they would attempt to resettle, but more violently.
The federal government brought this to a resolution by passing a bill that established the province of Manitoba. As a result of this, each Metis was to receive 240 acres of land, to be given the right to vote, given a representative in parliament, and made French an official language.

This impacted the views of the English and the Metis once again. The Metis probably noticed the government finally noticing their existence, and giving them rights, so the ones that remained peaceful were likely won over.

This positively impacted the peaceful Metis, as they had access to some of the rights that the white people already had in Canada, and established the province that they were fighting for.

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Canadian troops mobilized on rail from the East and met the Metis in Duck Lake. Negotiations failed, and amidst the confusion, gunfire began. 18 total people were killed, and many more were injured. The militia were persuaded not to pursue the retreating soldiers. The police retreated to Fort Carlton and returned to Prince Albert, while the Metis returned to Batoche. Clashes continued across many parts of the plains, causing many deaths and injuries as Metis and FN groups mobilized to support Riel and Dumont. The victory at Duck Lake triggered a large number of Cree Warriors to move on Battleford and further west, while residents in the area sought protection in fort Battleford. In March, the Assiniboine militia joined with the Cree and spent a month forming a war camp west of Battleford. The last plains chief to sign a treaty with the government was Cree Chief Mistahimaskwa (Big Bear). His men became more militant due to being mistreated and cut off from rations in a strategy to be forced to sign on to reserve land.
On April 1st 1885 Warriors of Big Bear's nations took several Metis and non-Metis settlers prisoner. On April 2nd they forced all settlers attending Frog Lake Catholic church outside the building, and Wandering Spirit shot indian agent Thomas Trueman Quinn, who had denied his people food rations. although Big Bear tried to stop the violence, the warriors persisted, killing nine men. When news spread, the government placed blame on Chief Big Bear, although he had lost control of his band at that point.
On April 13th of 1885, Wandering Spirit and 250 of their warriors decided to take Fort Pitt. They issued an ultimatum to the NWMP soldiers there to surrender. Outnumbered, the police fled the fort the next day, leaving 44 civilians behind. The warriors ransacked and burned the fort, but didn't kill anyone.

This caused an impact on the views of the warriors following Wandering spirit, and caused tensions to grow in the west.

This is important in the context of the NWR, as it kicked off the all-out battle between the people of the west and the government.

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About 900 of general Middleton's troops tried unsuccessfully to seize Batoche, but were met at Fish Creek, where the 150 Metis opened fire. 6 of Middleton's men were killed, and 49 were wounded, against 4 killed Metis warriors.

This boosted the morale of the Metis, and showing that they were a force to be reckoned with, and helped to protect one of the Metis' main homes.

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May 1st of 1885 Colonel Otter moved west from Battleford with 300 men alongside him, and confronted the Assiniboine west of Cut Knife Creek. THe indigenous warriors had the advantage of the terrain and experience fighting in wooded areas, and virtually surrounded Otter's men. After six hours of fighting, Otter retreated and Chief Poundmaker persuaded the warriors not to pursue the government's troops.

This again impacted the view of the indigenous peoples and the government.

This continued to secure the west from the Canadian government, and pushed that a war would not be an ideal situation for them. This is because the troops of the government do not have experience with woodlands as much as they do with the open lands of the plains.