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Comparing "The road not taken" and "The happy man"                             Louane ROBERT

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Comparing "The road not taken" and "The happy man"                             Louane ROBERT

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I chose to study the poem : « The road not taken » by Robert FROST and the short story « The happy man » by William SOMERSET MAUGHAM. These texts can be associated because they were written in the same period and of course because of their reflection on life, and on the meaning of life and the stages we go through.
We can relate these documents to the topic : Journeys, territories and frontiers.

First of al,l the characters, in both stories, are faced with a dilemma and at the end of their choices it can be all or nothing. The short story      « The happy man » is the metaphor of « The road not taken ». The representation of « The road not taken » by the « The happy man » is really well-explained by a meeting. So many people are going to enter our life and by our choices we can decide whether they will stay or not and decide to take a different path or not. These dilemmas may take us out of our comfort zone, which is really courageous. By the story « The happy man » the author shows us that our life is full of compensations. Taking the risk, you lose something but also you can find something, which could be really important for you.

In my personal life I've experienced that concept and once I've made the best choice ever and I do not regret it.

Secondly Robert FROST, by his poem, shows us the reality of the dilemma between time and choices. Sometimes I wonder : What if I had had the courage to do that, where would it have taken me ? I'm not able to answer this question, no one else can , because of our actions and choices. But sometimes thanks to our subconscious we are able to reface the dilemma and this time we are aware that it is our last chance to take the good path.

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marion le guillou

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You understood what was expected! Good job!
I've just corrected a few mistakes.

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Let's compare "Like A Rolling Stone" & «The Ant and the Grasshopper»          -> Owen 

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Let's compare "Like A Rolling Stone" & «The Ant and the Grasshopper»          -> Owen 

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For this exercise I decided to compare the song «Like A Rolling Stone» written in 1965 by Bob Dylan with the story «The Ant and the Grasshopper» by Maugham. In this music, Bob Dylan speaks of the decadence and the blows of fate that each individual may have to cope with one day, he shows that it is possible, that one fine day, somebody may become the person he once despised himself.

Both on a melancholy tune, these documents talk about the evolution of each one over the course of life, how unstable life is and how with simple actions, the way of life can go from the best to the worst, we could see it in the music of Bob Dylan. But on the contrary, we could see in Maugham’s text that things can go better while being a "bad" person. We were able to confirm that with Gordon Ramsay’s brother. It can be seen that sometimes life brings many injustices, as well as it is often the most deserving who are most concerned about these injustices. Owen

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I chose to compare the song Like a Rolling Stone by Bob Dylan, written in 1965 and the short story A String of Beads written by Maugham in 1954. The song is about a woman who was rich and beautiful 

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Comparing "The Road Not Taken" and "Home" Laurie

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Comparing "The Road Not Taken" and "Home" Laurie

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I chose to study the poem "The road not taken" by Robert Frost and the short story "Home" by Somerset Maugham. To begin with, we could associate these two documents because the authors were both born in the same year, 1874. Robert Frost was American while Somerset Maugham was English, so we have the point of view of the same time but seen by men with different origins. These two documents can be linked with the theme: "Journeys, Territories, Frontiers".

"The road not taken" and "Home" both tell the story of a dilemma. Indeed, the paths in the poem could be linked with the two men in the short story. Tom represents the road most taken, the one chosen by Mrs. Meadows, and George represents the least followed road. Moreover, at the end of the story, we learn that Mrs. Meadows sometimes regrets her choice. The poem makes it clear that it is not always the most chosen path that must be taken. There are many possibilities, all of which offer beautiful things.

George decided to choose a very different path from the others, but in the end, we know that he was a happy man who did not regret any of his choices. Mrs. Meadows chose the path of security with Tom while George chose to live a marginal life.

At the end of the poem "The road not taken", the author tells us that he took the road less chosen and that this made the difference. George also chose this original path and at the end of his life, he does not regret anything because he lived all he had to live. The moral of these two stories is linked and shows us that we should never conform to certain rules because, in the end, we can miss out on many beautiful things.

I really liked the poem and the short story because the authors both showed that originality can bring beautiful things. Generally, people are afraid of being different and of stepping out of the ordinary because they feel more vulnerable and less secure. But Robert Frost and Somerset Maugham have shown that originality makes a difference. I find these documents all the more interesting because they have so much in common even though they were written by two men from totally different countries. Moreover, despite the difference in style of the two authors, we can find some grammatical similarities in both documents.
Laurie

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I chose to compare the song Like a Rolling Stone by Bob Dylan, written in 1965 and the short story A String of Beads written by Maugham in 1954. The song is about a woman who was rich and beautiful in the past but lost everything one day while the short story tells the story of Mrs Robinson, who is a governess and has no money, but in the end she suceeded in life and she became a countess.

Both documents tell the stories of two girls whose social positions change during the story and the song. In the song, the beautiful girl loses everything one day : her beauty and her money. In the short story, the girl climbsup the social ladder and went from governess to countess. The difference is in the fact that the changes are reversed : in the song the girl loses everything, she went from a high status to a very lower one whereas in the short story the girl acquires a better way of life and a higher rank in society.

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Your work was really convincing.

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I chose to compare the song Like a rolling stone written by Bob Dylan in 1965 and the short story A string of beads written by Maugham in 1954. We will first talk about what can link them, then, we will see what can oppose them.

The first document, Like a Rolling stone is about a young woman who was once rich but who lost everything and had to beg for a meal. The second document A string of beads is the story of Miss Robinson, a governess, at the beginning she didn't have money, but who eventually turned up to become a countess in the end.

We can link these two documents, because they both refer to a change in social position, the rich woman who went to the best schools and who has known people in high places now has nothing, not even enough to buy a meal. The governess who had nothing and who decided to spend the money she had to go on holiday married a count and now is a countess and millionaire.

We can oppose these two documents, because the stories are reversed, in the song, the rich woman is now in need and in the short story, the governess is now countess.

Inès

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I personally chose to talk about the song of Bob Dylan named “Like a Rolling Stone” which was written in 1965. I'll also talk about the text entitled String of beads which was written by W. Somerset Maugham in 1954. I think that these two texts can be compared in two ways : we will first talk about the similarities of the two texts and then we will see the differences between the documents.
The first document “Like a Rolling Stone” is a song that talks about a woman who used to be a very pretty and beautiful girl in the past. She was the most charming woman in the city. But one day, everything fell apart and she lost the life that she had. The second document is a short story which talks about a governess named Miss Robinson, a young woman who had no money. In opposition to the first woman, she succeeded in life because of luck and won everything because of her kindness.

We can see that these two texts are talking about their stories. The first one, as I said before, talks about the situation of a woman who lost everything in her life : her money, her beauty and her charm. The song and the lyrics by Bob Dylan is very sad if we put our feet in her shoes. The lyrics are very moralizing and against the woman. Indeed, people had warned her of what she was going to lose because of her casual attitude and her scorn towards poor people. Bob Dylan is  laughing about her in some way and it’s very ironical.
The second document is the same story, but it’s reversed this time. She is very poor at the beginning. People think she’s a thief, a liar and she is not trustworthy. But because of her goodness and her kindness, she succeeds in life and is a millionaire at the end of the story. The link between these stories is that this is the same story, this is just inverted.

The differences between the stories are in the behavior of the two women. The first one is very careless, she is casual and not very worried about other people : she only thinks about herself and doesn’t care about poor people or people in need. This is why I think Dylan made fun of her and made her situation ironic. She is not a very good person, she is even detestable. That’s why she lost everything.
The second woman’s behavior is way better ! She is at first very modest : she doesn’t talk at the dinner, she is quiet and very humble about her necklace (which is the main event in the story). And this is why she succeeded in her life. She returned the necklace that was not hers, and because of this honesty, she became what the other woman was : a rich person but this time, with a big heart.

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4 stories by Maugham confronted with Frost's poem

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This is very well-written, there are not many mistakes and the contents are interesting.

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I'm impressed, this is so mature!
I've only changed a few things : especially Choose-chose!

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I have chosen to link James Joyce's short story "Eveline" with the poem "The Road Not Taken" which was written by Robert Frost. Both can be linked to the theme "Journeys, Territories, Frontiers" as they confront us with the reality of travel and change in real life.

First of all, Robert Frost's poem was published in 1916. At that time, the less well-off men and women had no choice but to follow the majority's opinions, and thus, to do as the better-off classes did. When he wrote, the poet wanted to show that taking a road that was not the road everyone else was taking could be a good solution. Indeed, by taking this road, Robert Frost shows us that even if we do not follow the majority, we can still achieve our aims. In his poem he explains that it is possible to have questions about the choice we have made. "I doubted if I should ever come back." But he also says later that taking the unknown road, and following your own opinion and instinct, can make a difference in life. If he hadn't decided to do what he liked and follow his real desires, he would never have become a poet. "And that made all the difference." In conclusion, this poem shows us that we must be sure of our choices and follow our own desires.

In the short story "Eveline" by James Joyce, the main character faces a dilemma: to leave or to stay. Eveline has the choice of leaving her family, and her abusive and frightening father, to join a more peaceful life and her partner; or to stay in her country, with her family and all the memories of her childhood and her dead mother. At the end of the story, she finally chooses to stay and not leave. She may have been afraid of the new life she could have had, afraid of forgetting her dead mother if she left the place where all her memories are. One thing is for sure, she chose what she really wanted, to stay, and made the best choice for herself.

I find these two texts very inspiring. Indeed, James Joyce and Robert Frost show us that we must, for our happiness and success, follow the road we really want. If the two authors had not chosen the path they really wanted, they would never have been successful or happy. I have also chosen these two texts because they seem to me to be important and above all useful for the choices, I am likely to encounter in my future. Thus, I will remember that one must always follow one's own path, one's own opinion and one's own desires in order to succeed, even if one may sometimes feel that one is wrong for the others.
JACQ Yuna

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I chose to link “The road not to taken”, a poem by Robert Frost with “Eveline”, a short story by James Joyce. They both tackle the big choices we can face in life, those choices that will define our future and even ourselves.

In the short story, the choice is about leaving or staying. Eveline is a young woman facing migration choices, which may actually be hard, because choosing to leave is choosing to lose a whole world, your own country, your family, friends, customs, routines. Of course it can lead to a way greater life, but it is a risk to take this step into the unknown. Here, by leaving, Eveline would nevertheless choose to go away from some of her fears : her father for example, whose violence she is afraid of. But finally she chooses not to leave, probably because she is too attached to her life here, even if it is harsh.

In the poem, we don't know what the choice is about, but there's no need knowing it, because this text is written in the purpose of sending a message. This message says that taking a road which is not often taken can be as interesting as taking the road everyone takes. It is not beacause we know nothing about it and that it does not seem as bright and shiny as the other that we have to be scared of it. The author says he took that unknown road and that is what has made all the difference in his life. It can sometimes be brighter to follow your instinct, better than to follow the others. Even if it is not recommended, going by the road you feel is the right one for you can probably only lead you to something that will correspond to you.

Those two texts inspire me a lot, as I am in a period where I am also facing choices and those choices can not be taken lightly. The authors tell us the mechanics of the reflection in those important decision-making moments. In the short story, we can very well, through the use by James Joyce of the train of thoughts (stream of consciousness), see how Eveline weighs the pros and cons, and examines every single thing she would miss if she chose to stay, compared to what she could get if she chose to leave. The authors also tell us how, any road you will take, you will necessarily miss many things from the other(s) road(s) and however, it will be worth it. And many times, hapiness is a journey, not a destination, as the journey may teach much more than the arrival.

Alice

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Thanks Alyssa for doing the work so accurately. I've only corrected a few things.
Now your text can serve as a model for the others. You have totally understood what I was expecting you to do!!!

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Today we are going to study three documents which are the song Like A Rolling Stone by Bob Dylan in 1965, A string of beads a short story by W. Somerset Maugham written in 1954 and The road not taken by Robert Frost wrote in 1916. We are going to find, in a first part, in which ways the first two documents can be related, and in a second part we are going to show in what ways the first two documents diverge and finally we are going to say how the third document The road not taken unites the first two documents.

In this first part we are going to see in which ways the two first documents can be linked. The song Like A Rolling Stone written by Bob Dylan talks about how a young woman became a rolling stone which means she changed from a rich and carefree woman to a poor woman who lived in the street. Let’s talk a little about the song and its interpretation by Bob Dylan who sings it. The music seems happy but when we hear the lyrics they are pretty harsh though. Maybe the music is used to recall what she had lost. Nevertheless, we can hear, a few times, the sound of a harmonica and the harmonica is usually used to give sad feelings… This Bob Dylan’s song was also sung by Jimi Hendrix and personally I prefer his version.. With the sound of the electric guitar the song does not seem as happy as in Dylan’s. So we can say Bob Dylan decides to show us how cruel people can be to this poor young woman whereas Jimi Hendrix decides to show the poor woman’s entire sadness.

Even if the second document is happier than the first one it retraces the same history but reversed. Miss Robinson lived the same thing as the woman in the song but she lived that when she was younger but after, with luck, she had the possibility to pick herself up after that crisis. So at the end of A string of beads Miss Robinson became the woman of the beginning of Dylan’s song: Lucky, beautiful and rich. In the case of the song the young woman became what Miss Robinson was: unlucky, poor and sad.

In this second part we are going to see in which ways the two first documents diverge. First, the first document is a song while the other is a short story but we should remember that Bob Dylan won a literary price.

Then, in Bob Dylan’s song the poor young woman is not named whereas in A string beads, all the characters have names: Miss Robinson, Mrs Livingstone, Count Borselli and Miss Lyngate. And they also all have a job and a story, which allow us to feel in better ways what the characters feel.                            Nonetheless, the fact that the woman in Dylan’s song has no name is better for us to put ourselves in her place because it means that it can happen to anybody.

Then, the two don't take place at the same time because in the short story, the story takes place in a time where the social classes were still very marked and when the society itself really cared about this system. But Dylan’s song has a really modern side most because of a certain vulgarity in the words he uses.

Finally, we can definitely say that the tone is not the same because in the song, there’s a young woman who became really poor and in the short story the poor lady became what she always wanted to be.

In this last part, we are going to see that the poem The road not taken is the beginning of the two other documents because the whole poem talks about a choice that a man has to do for once in his life and that this choice will define how his life will be after. We can also mention the strange choice of this man, even if at the end we know that it was the good one, the man chose the road which seemed less attracting and where no many people seemed to walk whereas there is another path which seemed to be taken by a lot of people and more pleasant. And we can imagine that our two women chose two different paths, roads and that that choice led to the life they had eventually. Miss Robinson must have taken the same road as the man in the poem and the girl in the song probably took the other.

Finally something seems weird to me because if the right choice is the road which is the less travelled by, that means that a lot of people took the wrong path...

Alyssa's work.

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Share your reactions after reading several documents related with the theme of journeys.

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Share your reactions after reading several documents related with the theme of journeys.

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This is a collaborative wall!

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by Joséphine

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Watch the video again

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Is graffiti art? Or vandalism? - Kelly Wall

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Have a look at this article (It's in French but it's connected with your test subject!...)

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Banksy s'est rendu à Londres au début des années 2000 pour y présenter sa première exposition informelle, en 2001. Sa première exposition en galerie, intitulée Existencillism, s'est tenue à Los Angeles l'année suivante et à contribué à la popularité d'œuvres comme Leopard and Bar Code (2002) et Bomb Hugger ( 2002).

Qu'il recouvre les murs intérieurs ou extérieurs, l'objectif de son travail est restés constant : tenir un miroir au visage de la société et remettre en question son statu quo. Dans Wall and Piece, il a violemment critiqué le phénomène qu'il appelle le " brandalisme ", soit la culture de la publicité d'entreprise dans les espaces publics.

À lire aussi : Rencontre avec l'artiste urbain Shepard Fairey

" Toute publicité dans l'espace public qui ne vous donne pas le choix de la regarder ou non est la vôtre ", a-t-il déclaré, " il vous appartient de la prendre, de la modifier et de la réutiliser. Vous pouvez faire tout ce que vous voulez avec. Demander la permission, c'est comme demander de conserver une pierre que quelqu'un vient de vous jeter à la tête. "

Banksy, The Kissing Coppers, Brighton (c.2005), peinture en aérosol et pochoir sur socle en aluminium, image via Wikipedia

En plus de ses activités nocturnes dans les rues de la ville, Banksy a commencé à accrocher ses propres œuvres d'art, avec étiquettes, dans les galeries et les musées internationaux. Le défi étant de voir combien de temps les toiles resteraient en place avant d'être retirée par le personnel.

La petite peinture intitulée Crimewatch UK has Ruined The Countryside For All Of Us (2003), décrite sur l'étiquette comme " un bel exemple du style néo post-idiot ", n'a duré que deux heures et demie sur le mur de la Tate Britain en 2003, tandis que le Warhol-esque Discount Soup Can a survécu six jours au MoMA de New York en 2005.

Ces " cascades " brèves et audacieuses ont propulsé sa notoriété et sa carrière en moins de temps qu'il n'en faut pour le dire. Peu après l'escapade à la Tate Britain, une galerie a exposé une deuxième version de Crimewatch UK pour 17 055 euros. Trois ans après son intervention au MoMA, une adaptation de sa conserve de soupe intitulée Tesco Value Tomato Soup, s'est vendue aux enchères en 2008 pour 133 665 euros.

Banksy, Girl with Balloon (2006), aérosol et acrylique sur toile, image Wikipedia

À ce stade, le travail de Banksy attirait l'attention des plus fortunés et des stars. La chanteuse américaine Christina Aguilera a acheté trois de ses œuvres pour 28 500 euros lors d'une visite à Londres en 2006. Un " Banksy " était désormais l'accessoire indispensable des célébrités comme Angelina Jolie, Jake Gyllenhaal, Serena Williams et Jude Law. " Le street art est aujourd'hui tendance ", a déclaré The Guardian en 2008.

Banksy s'était élevé au rang des artistes les plus célèbres. Lorsqu'il a été nommé parmi les 100 personnes les plus influentes de 2010 par le Time Magazine, aux côtés de Bill Gates, Oprah Winfrey et Barack Obama, il a envoyé à la publication une photo de lui, la tête recouverte d'un sac en papier sur lequel figurait un visage de dessin animé. La même année, son documentaire Exit Through the Gift Shop est nominé aux Oscars. Banksy a souri : " Personne ne m'écoutait avant de ne pas savoir qui j'étais. "

Cependant, être un marginal produisant les œuvres les plus commercialisables au monde n'a pas toujours été un concept avec lequel Banksy était à l'aise. Pour lui, " le succès commercial est un échec pour un graffeur. Nous ne sommes pas censés être appréhendés de cette façon. "

Banksy, Di Faced Tenner (2014), lithographie, image © Catawiki

Il est donc compréhensible que plus Banksy est devenu célèbre, plus son mode de vie est devenu solitaire. Pour les artistes de rue, l'anonymat est vital, ils travaillent furtivement, essayant constamment d'échapper aux autorités. D'un autre côté, le statut d'homme mystère de Banksy ne fait que renforcer son image de marque et, par conséquent, la valeur de ses œuvres. Ses peintres murales, autrefois repeintes par la ville, sont maintenant protégées par des bâches, des panneaux de plexiglas, certaines allant même jusqu'à être découpées pour être vendues à des collectionneurs.

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Banksy : l'artiste de tous les paradoxes

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Être mondialement acclamé tout en restant inconnu relève du paradoxe ultime. Mais le paradoxe coule dans les veines de Banksy, c'est ce qui fait de lui à la fois un anti-héros du street art et un chouchou des salles de vente.

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About Banksy's self-destructed "Girl with a balloon"

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About Banksy's self-destructed "Girl with a balloon"

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The filmed version

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Banksy painting self destructs after $1.4 million sale

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Going there with children? No way! In my opinion, I couldn't go to Dismaland with children because I think the world is already so sad to bring little children there to tell them: " See, our world is a rubbish one". I just want to let children be innocent for a while.

Personally I wouldn't go to Dismaland either because I think the world is already sad and I don't want to be more depressed. But I think Dismaland is a good way to show people the problems of our society even in a harsh way. Nevertheless, it is nonsense to call it an attractive park or "amusement park" because the place has to trigger a reaction for you to change the world and not to show you: "the world goes wrong, be delighted of it".

By Alyssa

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The vagabond's painting was so beautiful, it was so well done, the king didn't know what to say. He had to admit that he had won the competition. He wanted to teach the vagabond an embarrassing lesson, but he failed.
By Inès

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He tried hard to move but he couldn't. Everybody was staring at him. When he regained his senses, the blanket was already on the floor and someone was screaming. The others were petrified with fear. "You were right." Said the king slowly. "My painter did fool nature, but your art is even more powerful: it petrified us in some magical way!"
The story doesn't say more about what was on the canvas, it remains a mystery by now.
By Sklaerenn.

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What is the most efficient protest song among the three?

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Correction to the three questions on Masters of war

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Correction to the three questions on Masters of war

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1) The message is clear :

Those who order are not those who do.

2) Dylan denounces those who have the power :

- the government(s)

- the military industrial complex

3) The rhythm is very repetitive with regularly stressed patterns, which might evoke a military march, a funeral oration or a complaint.

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Ohio by Neil Young in 1970

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Questions about Dylan's "Masters of war"

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Questions about Dylan's "Masters of war"

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1)Sum up Dylan's message
Dylan's message is that war destroys lives, and those who are responsible for it are not those who hold the guns in their hands, but those who let the war begin, even though they're hiding and just watching the war damages happen.
2) what/who is he denouncing?
He's denouncing some politicians' behaviour when it comes to war, as they seem to not care about people's lives and play with them like "little toys" as he says.
3) Do you find the rhythm appropriate ?
The rhythm is repetitive, slow, as if Dylan wanted to be clear and well heard, but at the same time as if he was containing his anger. The rhythm of the music makes me think of something melancholic and annoying, as if the world was sadly getting used to wars, but Dylan is fed up with it and wants it to stop.
By Sklaerenn

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Masters of war by Bob Dylan

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Bob Dylan - Masters of War (Official Audio)

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Ken Loach's BAFTA acceptance speech for I, Daniel Blake  in 2017

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Ken Loach's BAFTA acceptance speech for I, Daniel Blake  in 2017

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A committed director

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NEW SCHOOL YEAR : FIRST NEW THEME : ART and DEBATES

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NEW SCHOOL YEAR : FIRST NEW THEME : ART and DEBATES

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ART AND PROTEST
- Mr Luxton will first focus on Dickens
- Mrs Guélou will first focus on Ken Loach

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OLIVER TWIST - An extract from the popular 1986 film and musical

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🎥 🍿 Oliver Twist, Please Sir I Want Some More

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confronting differences (rosie the riveter)

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confronting differences (rosie the riveter)

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Alyssa's work on art.

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Alyssa's work

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Huck's guile

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On the raft

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Free states versus Slave states in 1848

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By Mark Twain, 1884

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Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain

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Free kindle book and epub digitized and proofread by Project Gutenberg.

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JIM and HUCK

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Suicide in the trenches by Siegfried Sassoon

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Suicide in the trenches by Siegfried Sassoon

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Jade's work

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Inès's work

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another text by Rudyard Kipling about the death caused by the First World War

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another text by Rudyard Kipling about the death caused by the First World War

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Alyssa's work

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A. "I was a Have." B. "I was a 'have-not.'"

(Together). "What hast thou given which I gave not?"

We were together since the War began.

He was my servant-and the better man.

My son was killed while laughing at some jest. I would I knew

What it was, and it might serve me in a time when jests are few.

I have slain none except my Mother. She

(Blessing her slayer) died of grief for me.

Pity not! The Army gave

Freedom to a timid slave:

In which Freedom did he find

Strength of body, will, and mind:

By which strength he came to prove

Mirth, Companionship, and Love:

For which Love to Death he went:

In which Death he lies content.

Body and Spirit I surrendered whole

To harsh Instructors-and received a soul . . .

If mortal man could change me through and through

From all I was-what may The God not do?

This man in his own country prayed we know not to what Powers.

We pray Them to reward him for his bravery in ours.

I could not look on Death, which being known,

Men led me to him, blindfold and alone.

My name, my speech, my self I had forgot.

My wife and children came-I knew them not.

I died. My Mother followed. At her call

And on her bosom I remembered all.

Gods of the Nile, should this stout fellow here

Get out-get out! He knows not shame nor fear.

pelicans in the wilderness

The blown sand heaps on me, that none may learn

Where I am laid for whom my children grieve . . .

O wings that beat at dawning, ye return

Out of the desert to your young at eve!

We giving all gained all.

Neither lament us nor praise.

Only in all things recall,

It is Fear, not Death that slays.

From little towns in a far land we came,

To save our honour and a world aflame.

By little towns in a far land we sleep;

And trust that world we won for you to keep!

Death favoured me from the first, well knowing I could not endure

To wait on him day by day. He quitted my betters and came

Whistling over the fields, and, when he had made all sure,

"Thy line is at end," he said, "but at least I have saved its name."

On the first hour of my first day

In the front trench I fell.

(Children in boxes at a play

Stand up to watch it well.)

Laughing through clouds, his milk-teeth still unshed,

Cities and men he smote from overhead.

His deaths delivered, he returned to play

Childlike, with childish things now put away.

I was of delicate mind. I stepped aside for my needs,

Disdaining the common office. I was seen from afar and killed . . .

How is this matter for mirth? Let each man be judged by his deeds.

I have paid my price to live with myself on the terms that I willed.

native water-carrier (m.e.f.)

Prometheus brought down fire to men,

The Gods are jealous-now, as then,

On land and sea I strove with anxious care

To escape conscription. It was in the air!

Faithless the watch that I kept: now I have none to keep.

I was slain because I slept: now I am slain I sleep.

Let no man reproach me again, whatever watch is unkept-

I sleep because I am slain. They slew me because I slept.

batteries out of ammunition

If any mourn us in the workshop, say

We died because the shift kept holiday.

If any question why we died,

Tell them, because our fathers lied.

I could not dig: I dared not rob:

Therefore I lied to please the mob.

Now all my lies are proved untrue

And I must face the men I slew.

What tale shall serve me here among

Mine angry and defrauded young?

If I had clamoured at Thy Gate

For gift of Life on Earth,

And, thrusting through the souls that wait,

Flung headlong into birth-

Even then, even then, for gin and snare

Lord, I had mocked Thy thoughtful care

Before I joined the Dead!

But now? . . . I was beneath Thy Hand

Ere yet the Planets came.

And now-though Planets pass, I stand

The witness to Thy shame!

Daily, though no ears attended,

Daily, though no fire descended,

Though my darkness did not lift,

Though I faced no lighter odds,

Though the Gods bestowed no gift,

None the less, I served the Gods!

He from the wind-bitten North with ship and companions descended,

Searching for eggs of death spawned by invisible hulls.

Many he found and drew forth. Of a sudden the fishery ended

In flame and a clamours breath known to the eye-pecking gulls.

For Fog and Fate no charm is found

I, hurrying to my bride, was drowned-

Cut down by my best friend.

I was a shepherd to fools

Causelessly bold or afraid.

They would not abide by my rules.

Yet they escaped. For I stayed.

Headless, lacking foot and hand,

I beseech all women's sons

Know I was a mother once.

One used and butchered me: another spied

Me broken-for which thing an hundred died.

So it was learned among the heathen hosts

How much a freeborn woman's favour costs.

I have watched a thousand days

Push out and crawl into night

Now I, too, follow these.

It is fever, and not the fight-

Time, not battle,-that slays.

Call me not false, beloved,

If, from thy scarce-known breast

For this more ancient bride,

Live, then, whom Life shall cure,

Ah, would swift ships had never been, for then we ne'er had found,

These harsh Aegean rocks between, this little virgin drowned,

Whom neither spouse nor child shall mourn, but men she nursed through pain

And-certain keels for whose return the heathen look in vain.

On a Memorial Tablet in Holy Trinity Church,

We counterfeited once for your disport

Men's joy and sorrow: but our day has passed.

We pray you pardon all where we fell short-

Seeing we were your servants to this last.

On a Panel in the Hall of the Institute of Journalists

We have served our day.

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Epitaphs of the War by Rudyard Kipling | Poetry Foundation

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A. "I was a Have." B. "I was a 'have-not.'" (Together). "What hast thou given which I gave not?" We were together since the War began. He was my servant-and the better man. My son was killed while laughing at some jest.

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The first world war impacts on  England and its empire

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The first world war impacts on  England and its empire

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This proclamation shows difficult relationship between England and Ireland cause by the conscripted law that England wanted to enroll all men of Ireland to fight in trenches.
Alyssa's work

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The Proclamation of the Republic ( Irish: Forógra na Poblachta), also known as the 1916 Proclamation or the Easter Proclamation, was a document issued by the Irish Volunteers and the Irish Citizen Army during the Easter Rising in Ireland, which began on 24 April 1916. In it, the Military Council of the Irish Republican Brotherhood, styling itself the ' Provisional Government of the Irish Republic', proclaimed Ireland's independence from the United Kingdom. The reading of the proclamation by Patrick Pearse outside the General Post Office (GPO) on Sackville Street (now called O'Connell Street), Dublin's main thoroughfare, marked the beginning of the Rising. The proclamation was modelled on a similar independence proclamation issued during the 1803 rebellion by Robert Emmet.

Though the Rising failed in military terms, the principles of the Proclamation to varying degrees influenced the thinking of later generations of Irish politicians. The document consisted of a number of assertions:

that the Rising's leaders spoke for Ireland (a claim historically made by Irish insurrectionary movements);

that the Rising marked another wave of attempts to achieve independence through force of arms;

that the Irish Republican Brotherhood, the Irish Volunteers and the Irish Citizen Army were central to the Rising;

"the right of the people of Ireland to the ownership of Ireland"

that the form of government was to be a republic;

a guarantee of "religious and civil liberty, equal rights and equal opportunities to all its citizens", the first mention of gender equality, given that Irish women under British law were not allowed to vote;

a commitment to universal suffrage, a phenomenon limited at the time to only a handful of countries, not including the UK;

a promise of "cherishing all the children of the nation equally". Although these words have been quoted since the 1990s by children's rights advocates, "children of the nation" refers to all Irish people;

disputes between nationalists and unionists are attributed to "differences carefully fostered by an alien government", a rejection of what was later dubbed two-nations theory.

The proclamation had been printed secretly prior to the Rising on a Summit Wharfedale Stop Cylinder Press, located in Liberty Hall, Eden Quay (HQ of the Irish Citizen Army). Because of its secret printing, problems arose which affected the layout and design. In particular, because of a shortage of type, the document was printed in two halves, printing first the top then the bottom on the same pieces of paper. The typesetters were Willie O'Brien, Michael Molloy and Christopher Brady. They lacked a sufficient supply of type in the same size and font, and as a result the some parts of the document use e s from a different font, which are smaller and do not quite match.

The language suggested that the original copy of the proclamation had actually been signed by the Rising's leaders. However no evidence has ever been found, nor do any contemporary records mention, the existence of an actually signed copy, though had such a copy existed, it could easily have been destroyed in the aftermath of the Rising by someone (in the British military, a member of the public or a Rising participant trying to destroy potentially incriminating evidence) who did not appreciate its historic importance. Molloy claimed in later life to have set the document from a handwritten copy, with signatures on a separate piece of paper which he destroyed by chewing while in prison, but this was disputed by other participants. Molloy also recalled that Connolly had asked for the document to resemble an auctioneer's notice in general design.

There are about 30 original copies still remaining, one of which can be viewed in the National Print Museum. Reproductions were later made, which have sometimes been misattributed as originals. When the British soldiers recaptured Liberty Hall, they found the press with the type of the bottom of the proclamation still fully set up, and reportedly ran off some copies as souvenirs, leading to a proliferation of these 'half-copies'. James Mosley notes that complete originals rapidly became rare in the chaos, and that over a month later the Dublin police had failed to find one for their files.

The signatories (as their names appeared on the Proclamation):

One question sometimes raised is why the first name among the 'signatories' was not Pearse but Tom Clarke, a veteran republican. Had the arrangement of names been alphabetical, Éamonn Ceannt would have appeared on top. Clarke's widow maintained that it was because the plan had been for Clarke, as a famed veteran, to become the President of the Provisional Republic. Such an explanation would certainly explain his premier position. However others associated with the Rising dismissed her claims, which she made in her memoirs. Later documents issued by the rebels gave Pearse pride of place, though as 'Commanding in Chief the Forces of the Irish Republic, and President of the Provisional Government, not 'President of the Republic'. Whether the plan had ever been to have Clarke as a symbolic head of state and Pearse as head of government, or was simply that Pearse was always to be central but with statements ambiguously describing his title, remains a mystery about which historians still speculate.

All seven signatories of the proclamation were executed by the British military (James Connolly who had been wounded in the fighting was executed sitting down in a chair) in the aftermath of the Rising, being viewed as having committed treason in wartime (i.e. the First World War). British political leaders regarded the executions initially as unwise, later as a catastrophe, with the British Prime Minister H. H. Asquith and later prime minister David Lloyd George stating that they regretted allowing the British military to treat the matter as a matter of military law in wartime, rather than insisting that the leaders were treated under civilian criminal law. Though initially deeply unsympathetic to the Rising (the leading Irish nationalist newspaper, the Irish Independent called for their execution), Irish public opinion switched and became more sympathetic due to the manner of their treatment and executions.[citation needed ] Eventually Asquith's government ordered a halt to the executions and insisted that those not already executed be dealt with through civilian, not military, law. By that stage all the signatories and a number of others had been executed.

Full copies of the Easter Proclamation are now treated as a revered Irish national icon, and a copy was sold at auction for €390,000 in December, 2004. A copy owned (and later signed as a memento) by Rising participant Seán T. O'Kelly was presented by him to the Irish parliament buildings, Leinster House, during his tenure as President of Ireland. It is currently on permanent display in the main foyer. Other copies are on display in the GPO (headquarters of the Rising and the place where the Proclamation was first read), the National Museum of Ireland, the Trinity College Library's Long Room and other museums worldwide. Facsimile copies are sold as souvenirs in Ireland, and copies of the text are often displayed in Irish schools and in Irish pubs throughout the world. The proclamation is read aloud by an Officer of the Irish Defence Forces outside the GPO during the Easter Rising commemorations on Easter Sunday of each year.

POBLACHT NA hÉIREANN
THE PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT OF THE IRISH REPUBLIC TO THE PEOPLE OF IRELAND

IRISHMEN AND IRISHWOMEN:
In the name of God and of the dead generations from which she receives her old tradition of nationhood, Ireland, through us, summons her children to her flag and strikes for her freedom.

Having organised and trained her manhood through her secret revolutionary organisation, the Irish Republican Brotherhood, and through her open military organisations, the Irish Volunteers and the Irish Citizen Army, having patiently perfected her discipline, having resolutely waited for the right moment to reveal itself, she now seizes that moment, and supported by her exiled children in America and by gallant allies in Europe, but relying in the first on her own strength, she strikes in full confidence of victory.

We declare the right of the people of Ireland to the ownership of Ireland and to the unfettered control of Irish destinies, to be sovereign and indefeasible. The long usurpation of that right by a foreign people and government has not extinguished the right, nor can it ever be extinguished except by the destruction of the Irish people. In every generation the Irish people have asserted their right to national freedom and sovereignty; six times during the past three hundred years they have asserted it in arms. Standing on that fundamental right and again asserting it in arms in the face of the world, we hereby proclaim the Irish Republic as a Sovereign Independent State, and we pledge our lives and the lives of our comrades in arms to the cause of its freedom, of its welfare, and of its exaltation among the nations.

The Irish Republic is entitled to, and hereby claims, the allegiance of every Irishman and Irishwoman. The Republic guarantees religious and civil liberty, equal rights and equal opportunities to all its citizens, and declares its resolve to pursue the happiness and prosperity of the whole nation and of all its parts, cherishing all the children of the nation equally, and oblivious of the differences carefully fostered by an alien Government, which have divided a minority from the majority in the past.

Until our arms have brought the opportune moment for the establishment of a permanent National Government, representative of the whole people of Ireland and elected by the suffrages of all her men and women, the Provisional Government, hereby constituted, will administer the civil and military affairs of the Republic in trust for the people.

We place the cause of the Irish Republic under the protection of the Most High God, Whose blessing we invoke upon our arms, and we pray that no one who serves that cause will dishonour it by cowardice, inhumanity, or rapine. In this supreme hour the Irish nation must, by its valour and discipline, and by the readiness of its children to sacrifice themselves for the common good, prove itself worthy of the august destiny to which it is called.

De Paor, Liam (1997). On the Easter Proclamation: And Other Declarations. Four Courts Press. ISBN 9781851823222.

Tim Pat Coogan, Michael Collins (ISBN 0-09-174106-8)

Tim Pat Coogan, De Valera (ISBN 0-09-175030-X)

Dorothy McCardle, The Irish Republic

Arthur Mitchell and Padraig Ó Snodaigh, Irish Political Documents: 1916-1949

John O'Connor, The 1916 Proclamation

Conor Kostick & Lorcan Collins, The Easter Rising, A Guide to Dublin in 1916 (ISBN 0-86278-638-X)

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The Proclamation of the Republic ( Irish: Forógra na Poblachta), also known as the 1916 Proclamation or the Easter Proclamation, was a document issued by the Irish Volunteers and the Irish Citizen Army during the Easter Rising in Ireland, which began on 24 April 1916.

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a) She was waiting for the beautiful flowers sent by her lovely fiancé.

b) Your incredible letters help me live.

c) He fell brutally into the deep trench.

d) The brave soldiers shook hands with their impressive enemies.

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Alyssa's work

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a) She was waiting, excited, for the flowers sent by her lovely fiancé.

b) Your caring letters help me live easily.
C) He fell roughly into the hideous trench.

d) The exhausted soldiers solemnly shook hands with their enemies.

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a) She was pacing back and forth, waiting for the probably wonderful bouquet of fresh spring flowers adorably sent by her lovely fiancé.
b)Your sweet letters give me strength and help me continue to do my duty and live even if you are far away from me.
c)It had to happen, he fatally fell down, wounded, in the deadly trench, losing hope.
d)During the Christmas truce, the brave soldiers courageously walked across the no-man's-land to meet and shake hands with their enemies.

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a) She was impatiently waiting for the magnificent flowers sent by her dear fiancé.
b) Your gracious letters enormously help me live.
c) He unfortunately fell into the horrible trench.
d) The valiant soldiers shook hands firmly with their pious enemies.

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a) She was excitedly waiting for the colorfur flowers sent by her amazing fiancé.
b) Your beautiful letters help me live.
c) He fell violently in the deadly trench.
d) The courageous soldiers shook hands with their dangerous enemies.

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a) She was impatiently waiting for the beautiful flowers lovingly sent by her fiancé.
b) Your loving letters help me live without your presence.
c) He fell violently into the dark and cold trench.
d) The brave soldiers shook hands with their enemies.

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a) She was passionately waiting for the flowers sent by her fiancé.
b) Your prodigious letters wonderfully help me live.
c) He suddenly fell into the macabre trench.
d) The exhausted soldiers humbly shook hands with their enemies.

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a) She was impatiently waiting for the flowers sent by her beloved fiancé.
b) Your letters full of love help me live without you.
c) He fatally fell wounded into the deadly trench.
d) Scandalously, the soldiers shook hands with their terrible enemies.

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Axelle's work

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Jade's work

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Alice's work

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Perhaps

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Make it more emotional adding adverbs and adjectives.

a) She was waiting for the flowers sent by her fiancé.
b) Your letters help me live.
c) He fell into the trench.
d) The soldiers shook hands with their enemies.

From SHINE BRIGHT NATHAN

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Just an idea of what Vera's letter to Clare could be (really short). Alyssa's work

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Just an idea of what Vera's letter to Clare could be (really short). Alyssa's work

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Dear Clare,

My dear friend, my beloved has passed away but not in my heart. Maybe he died in action in a War which stole from everybody a husband, a friend, a brother and my love but I swear you I will not let such a thing happen again… I can understand your pain and like you I will never forget him. Your brother was the greatest man I have ever met in my life. And I'll do everything I can for him never to be forgotten…

Your bereaved friend

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i understand few things.

Perhaps some day the sun will shine again
steel the skies are blue
And feel ones more i do not leave in vain
perhaps the Golden medals on my feet will may the sunny hour on spring sin day and i shall found the white blossom sweet  the you past away
Perhaps the summer woods will... ones again be fair
also you don't there
perhaps some day i will not schring in pain
to se the passing of the dying year
and listen the christmas song again
also you can not hear
there is on greatest joy
i shall not now again
because my heart ... the view
was broken long ago

Owen Quentel 1G2

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To My Brother

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To my brother

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Inès

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What I understand (anonymous)

Perhaps some day the sun will shine again
And I shall see that still the
sk(ies ?)are blue
And feel once more I do not to live in vain
Although (?) of you → après recherche (bereft)

Perhaps the golden meadows ? of my feet
Will make the sunny hours of spring seem gay
And I shall find the white May blossoms sweet
Though you have passed away

Perhaps the summer woods will shimmer bright
And crimson roses once again be fair
And autumn harvest fields a rich delight
Although YOU are not there

Perhaps some day I shall not shrink in pain
To see the passing of the dying year
And listen to Christmas songs again
Although You can not hear

But though kind time may many joys renew
There is one greatest joy

I shall not know again

Because my heart for loss of YOU

Was broken, long ago.

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by Sklaerenn
* respresents some words I don't understand

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Alyssa's reading of "Night duty" a poem by Vera Brittain

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Alyssa's reading of "Night duty" a poem by Vera Brittain

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A poem by Vera Brittain written in 1916

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Read by Mrs Guélou

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Read by Sklaerenn

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Vera Brittain's famous texts

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Introduction and chosen passage

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Alice's work

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Inspirational stories of women in the First World War 

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Inspirational stories of women in the First World War 

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The story that particularly inspired me among these five is that of Elizabeth Knocker and Mairi Chisholm. I find this story very interesting because they showed great courage by being near the war zone. They put their lives at risk every day to save the lives of wounded soldiers. Thanks to their work many soldiers were able to be treated.
Louna

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Alyssa Lacroix 1G1

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I chose the story of Elizabeth Knocker and Mairi Chisholm because they were very courageous to go close to the front line during the war. They were saviours, they thought that every life was important so they were brave. Very few people would have done such a risky and courageous act.
Elise

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I found those women really inspiring and interesting because even if they were women and so they couldn't fight in the trenches they still found a way to help during the war. They were smart and incredibly brave. They risked their lives for the wounded soldiers that came to the First Aid Post that they built themselves and they only stopped when they were at the verge of death after being gassed at the end of the war. Those two ladies are a model of strong and clever women. They truly deserved the Medal they received as much as any other soldier.
Lou-Anne 1G3

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I chose the story of MARY O'CONNELL BIANCONI, she was an ambulance driver, she was part of the group of "Fany".
I found her story very inspiring and touching by what she went through to help others, driving for the injured. Of course there are many other honest stories, but the first ones pay tribute to people like Mary. Before the wounded were healed, they had to be picked up on the battlefield by people like Mary.
Owen
1g2

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I find her story particularly inspirational because she didn't give up, even when she was told "go home and sit still" while proposing her help to the Royal Army Medical Corps. She did not listen to men, she was ready, her medical unit, staffed by women, was ready, to go and help people! She believed in women's skills and capacity to save lives. She believed in it, and proved it. She even dedicated her life to it, to (medically) care about others: she was involved, and kept fighting until the end, she had cancer and died only one day after returning home!
Sklaerenn

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All these stories inspired me, but I found that Mary O’connell Bianconi’s story was particularly inspirational. She was brave, she was ready to lose her life to save others. She wasn’t afraid of working long hours under fire when she was driving her ambulance to help the wounded.
Inès

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Even if all those women were incredible and brave, my favorite story is Elsie Maud Inglis's. I like the idea, among others, that she was for the women's suffrage campaign, which, I think, proves she thought and knew that politics wasn't only for men. Most importantly, I like she set up her own organisation in the back of the army because the Royal Army Medical Corps didn't accept the help she was offering even if she was a qualified surgeon. They didn't accept her only because she was a woman and they told her to "go home and sit still" as if she couldn't be helpful, but she has proved successfully they were wrong in becoming the first woman to be awarded the Order of the White Eagle, the highest honour given by Serbia.
Axelle

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Who is this famous woman?

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I think that this story is inspirational because they were brave enough to build their own camp to help the soldiers even if that meant that they were near the battle and that they could also be hurt. They risked their lives to save lives because they believed in what they were doing. They worked under hard conditions, they were exposed to the battle, they worked under fire, they could be hurt during their missions but they still did it. They only left their camp when they were badly gassed so they couldn’t work anymore. It was really brave of them to put their own lives at risk to help and save soldiers during the war. Stories like theirs should be told to everyone because it’s really inspiring and it shows bravery, courage and many other qualities that should inspire us all.
Jade

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Mini biography

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Mary O'Conell Bianconi :

I was really impressed by this woman's courage ! First, like many others, she had the strength to volunteer to help the army, and then, after an air raid, she worked for hours, under fire, to save others' lives. She was very brave and that's so impressive for me, because I'm not sure I would have put my life in such a danger to try to save others, she was very courageous !
Alice

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I find the story of Mary O'Connell Bianconi particularly inspirational for her bravery because she didn't feel fear to go to France to help people against war as a nurse. She was not afraid of going to trenches to save soldiers. She braved fire, bombing, war to do what we can call her destiny. It's hard to think if I would be able to do the same thing or not as I don't live in the same world as she. And I think she and the other nurses were brave women who inspired most people at the time. I think she really deserved her Military Medal.
Alyssa

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At the beginning of the play Jack knows almost nothing about his life. In fact, he doesn't know anyone in his family, not even his parents. He doesn't even know his real name, he is Jack in the country and Ernest in town. The only thing he has is a handbag, the one in which he was found as a baby. In the rest of the story he finally learns that Gwendolen, the woman he is in love with, is his cousin, that he is Lady Bracknell's nephew and Algernon's brother. So he comes to know her real name.

Guilliann Herrou 1er G3

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NEW TOPIC : Relationships between an individual and a group

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NEW TOPIC : Relationships between an individual and a group

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Solidarity during WWI

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The first British official war artists' scheme was set up by the government in 1916. Although several female artists were approached either by the British War Memorials Committee or the Ministry of Information, none of them completed commissions for the official schemes.

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5 Inspirational Stories Of Women In The First World War

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From ambulance drivers to translators, women served Britain in a variety of ways during the First World War. Discover their stories now.

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There is a parallelism in the plot structure : Algernon and John have both two "personalities", one for the city, and the other for the countryside. They have two lives, and they just adapt their personality for the two sides of the world. The two friends fall in love with two beautiful women and have the same problem : they said that their name was Ernest, but it wasn't, it was impossible for the two women that their name were other than Ernest, and it's a shame. But in the end, Algernon and John have to admit that they have fake names. The two characters live the same experience throughout the story.
Antoine CLEMENT G2

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Laurie
1G2
I think one of the most important themes in the play is love. Indeed, this whole play is based on marriage and love. There are different types of love in the play: first of all, marital love with the marriage between Jack and Gwendolen and Algy and Cecily. Also, we can see brotherly love between Jack and Algernon who had, until the discovery of their brotherhood, friendly feelings. Finally, there's Lady Bracknell's love for her nephew. She only wants what's best for him and wants him to marry someone from his social class. She wants Algernon to be high up in society.

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The upper classes in the Victorian society:

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The upper classes in the Victorian society:

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The story of this play is mostly about two young men, that are in love with two young women and want to marry them, and they all belong to the upper class. The main objective Oscar Wilde thought about, writing this play, might have been to criticize this aristocracy. As a matter of fact, he showed the superficial nature of the upper class, writing about characters that act ridiculously, sometimes as children would have done : one wants to marry a girl he almost does not know, he falls out with his friend for almost nothing, this one who prohibits him, as for a child, to eat the cucumber sandwiches, and after that muffins, while their two loves are making friends, but then get angry about the two men, and after all unite against them, they act as children would play. The author exaggerated their ridiculous behaviour in an almost sarcastic way, laughing at them and at their     « luxury problems » : they are not worried about work, how they're going to feed their family, no, but they get angry because aunt Augusta doesn't accept one to marry another, or because one ate all the muffins...they actually just have whims. It shows that the upper classes are not that upper in their mind than the medium ones, they only, unfairly, are richer, and it makes them acting childishly.
By Alice

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What struck me was the differences between our current period and the Victorian era, regarding marriage. Daughters had to have the approval of their mothers to have the right to marry. Another difference, certainly marriage was done out of love but also for advantages.

We see here with Lady Bracknell, because she does not know the origin or the social class of Jack, she refused to give the hand of her daughter, Gwendolen.
But in the end, once the story of Jack has been revealed, Lady Bracknell accepts and gives her blessing. Gwendolen and Jack will be able to start their love story.
Owen Quentel 1G2

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Rose's work

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The Relationship between Jack and Gwendolen

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The Relationship between Jack and Gwendolen

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At first, Jack introduces himself as Ernest to Gwendolen, he hides the fact that his true identity is " Jack ". he is in love with her and she loves him back. But in act 3, Gwendolen will find out that he lied about his real name not being Ernest but Jack.  Jack has just proposed to her and they already have a fight. She decides to give him the silent treatment until she gets an acceptable reason for his false identity. After a good apology, saying that the lie was to get with her, Gwendolen forgives him and they are finally engaged. But Lady Bracknell disapproves. Jack will fight for Gwendolen so he says that if Lady Bracknell doesn't approve of their engagement, then he won't approve of Cecily and Algernon's. So Lady Bracknell decides to go back to London with Gwendolen and everything seems to be lost. After that they learn that Jack is Lady Bracknell's nephew and Algernon's brother. They also learn that his real name is Ernest. After that Lady Bracknell approves of Jack and Gwendolen's engagement. A happy ending to a beautiful love story.

Jade Lucas 1G3

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At the beginnig of the play, Jack didn't know his real name, so he was Ernest in town and Jack in the country. He didn't know his parents, his family, he only had a handbag in which he had been found when he was baby. He was in love with Gwendolen, but Lady Bracknell didn't want them to get married. Finally he learned that he was Lady Bracknell's nephew, Algernon's brother and Gwendolen's cousin, he knows now his real name, Ernest, and he is going to get married with Gwendolen.
Lagadec Inès