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Bullying-
An advocacy issue that is seen throughout many schools, homes, and public places.

"Bullying is a form of aggressive behavior in which someone intentionally and repeatedly causes another person injury or discomfort. Bullying can take the form of physical contact, words or more subtle actions."- American Psychological Association

It is for the targeted group of the Middle school aged children. Advocacy and leadership should be considered because this student-centered challenge can happen in the classroom, at home as well as in public places.

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How does bullying affect health and well-being?

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How does bullying affect health and well-being?

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To further support why this advocacy issue needs to be addressed, here's an article written by NIH.gov. This article briefly talks about the concerns for a person who is bullied by someone as to having trouble with social connections, mental health concerns, physical injury and substance abuse later on in their lives.

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Bullying can affect physical and emotional health, both in the short term and later in life. It can lead to physical injury, social problems, emotional problems, and even death. Those who are bullied are at increased risk for mental health problems, headaches, and problems adjusting to school. Bullying also can cause long-term damage to self-esteem.

Children and adolescents who are bullies are at increased risk for substance use, academic problems, and violence to others later in life.

Those who are both bullies and victims of bullying suffer the most serious effects of bullying and are at greater risk for mental and behavioral problems than those who are only bullied or who are only bullies.

NICHD research studies show that anyone involved with bullying-those who bully others, those who are bullied, and those who bully and are bullied-are at increased risk for depression.

NICHD-funded research studies also found that unlike traditional forms of bullying, youth who are bullied electronically-such as by computer or cell phone-are at higher risk for depression than the youth who bully them. Even more surprising, the same studies found that cyber victims were at higher risk for depression than were cyberbullies or bully-victims (i.e., those who both bully others and are bullied themselves), which was not found in any other form of bullying. Read more about these findings in the NICHD news release: Depression High Among Youth Victims of School Cyberbullying, NIH Researchers Report.

Citations

1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2015). Fact sheet: Understanding bullying. Retrieved June 17, 2016, from https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/bullying-factsheet508.pdf (PDF - 356 KB).

2. Smokowski, P. R., & Kopasz, K. H. (2005). Bullying in school: An overview of types, effects, family characteristics, and intervention strategies. Children and Schools, 27, 101-109.

3. Reece, T. (2008). Bullies beat down self esteem. Retrieved June 17, 2016, from http://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/at-play/Pages/Bullies-Beat-Down-Self-Esteem.asp

4. Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. (2010). Taking a stand against bullying. Retrieved June 17, 2016, from http://www.nichd.nih.gov/news/resources/spotlight/092110-taking-stand-against-bullying

5. Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. (2012). Focus on children's mental health research at the NICHD. Retrieved June 17, 2016, from http://www.nichd.nih.gov/news/resources/spotlight/060112-childrens-mental-health

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How does bullying affect health and well-being?

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Bullying can affect physical and emotional health, both in the short term and later in life.

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School counselors will need to be able to navigate through the school system. An amazing evidence-based tool to use would be that of the ASCA Mindsets and Behaviors.

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By 2021 to 2022 (the potential date for recidivism rates upon bullying will be decreased overall), 6th to 8th grade students will decrease bullying by 15 % from 50% to 35%.

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Mindsets school counselors believe (as written by the ASCA)

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Mindsets school counselors believe (as written by the ASCA)

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*Every Student should have access to comprehensive counseling programs.

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Mindsets for Students (as written by the ASCA)

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Mindsets for Students (as written by the ASCA)

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*Belief in development of whole self, including a healthy balance of mental, social/emotional and physical well-being.

*Sense of acceptance, respect, support and inclusion for self and others in the school environment

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*Media and technology skills to enhance learning.
*Responsibility for self and actions
* Effective coping skills
*Balance of school, home and community activities.
*Positive, respectful and supportive relationships with students who are similar to and different from them.
* Empathy
*Advocacy skills for self and others and ability to assert self, when necessary.
*Social maturity and behaviors appropriate to the situation and environment.

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Student- Be accountable to practice anti bullying practices that their peers, teachers as well as staff within the school system.
*Speak to the administrative staff about the potential bullying.

Administrative staff- principal, teachers, other counselors. Each will have a specific role when it comes to the advocacy for anti-bullying. Teachers will teach the students the importance of anti-bullying as well as look for warning signs. The student counselor will find ways to help the students understand the importance of bullying and ways to cope effectively if they are being bullied.
*Attend workshops that correlate with anti-bullying.

Parents-Gain knowledge and resources from the community as well as from the school counselor.
*As well as speaking to the principal about bullying guidelines.

Community members- teach valuable lessons to the parents as well as staff on Anti-Bullying.
*Perform a workshop on ways to stop bullying.

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Here is an example of two different checklists

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Here is an example of two different checklists

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One example can be used for a student who is reporting a peer that may have bullied them in the classroom.

The other checklist is an observation checklist for a teacher or behavioral assistant depending on the school setting to use when tracking bullying in the classroom.

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ASCA student standards: Mindsets & Behaviors for student ... (n.d.). Retrieved January 10, 2022, from https://www.schoolcounselor.org/getmedia/7428a787-a452-4abb-afec-d78ec77870cd/Mindsets-Behaviors.pdf

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (n.d.). How does bullying affect health and well-being? Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Retrieved January 10, 2022, from https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/bullying/conditioninfo/health#f2

American Psychological Association. (n.d.). Bullying. American Psychological Association. Retrieved January 10, 2022, from https://www.apa.org/topics/bullying/