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A child with an advanced case of smallpox that showcases the visible lesions.

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Symptoms begin to develop between seven to nineteen days after exposure to the pathogen. The initial symptoms include an unusually high fever, sore back, and a headache. Next, a red rash will appear on the arms and face and begin to spread to different areas on the body.

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Smallpox is a deadly, infectious disease that is caused from the variola virus. Smallpox is now considered to be on of the deadliest diseases known to human beings. The origin of the virus is unknown, but many researchers believe that smallpox has been a global issue in populations that date back hundreds (and even thousands) of years. In the 20th century, an estimated number of 300 million people died from smallpox before the last case was dealt with in Somalia in 1977.

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One way to prevent contracting smallpox is by surviving it because once a patient is infected, they can no longer get it again. The safest and most effective way to prevent contracting smallpox is by receiving the Smallpox Vaccine. The vaccine is effective in preventing and lessening the severity of smallpox, even if administered after infection. The vaccine is made of a vaccinia virus that is like smallpox but a lot safer. Smallpox has been considered to be eradicated since 1980, so the vaccine is no longer given.

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Currently, no one is at risk of being infected with the Variola Virus, but before the worldwide immunization program handled the outbreak, anyone that had not received the Smallpox Vaccine was at risk. Although everyone had the possibility of contracting the virus, immunocompromised people and pregnant women were said to be more susceptible to the variant forms.

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Smallpox (variola) is spread directly from person to person. The virus can be acquired from breathing in infected air or by coming in contact with contaminated objects like bed linens or direct contact with body fluids.

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Microscopic image of the variola pathogen. 

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There is no treatment that exists to combat smallpox besides the vaccine; however, antiviral drugs such as TPOXX and TEMBEXA have been proven to stop the growth of the variola virus. Although promising, these drugs have only been tested on animals sick with viruses similar to smallpox but not humans.

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A map that highlights different areas of the world that were infected with smallpox in 1966.

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An image of the typical scar left behind from the Smallpox Vaccine.