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COLUMBUS UNIVERSITY

Viviana Álvarez 8-972-2044
Madeline ceballos 4-815-1635
Omlin Ramirez 4-815-287
Maria nuñez 8-984-79
Joselyn Aguilar 8-973-103
Jennifer Macre 8-975-1020
Yeritza Silva 8-979-1189
Justine Pinzon 8-975-370
Cristel Macre 8-980-2474
Dheisy Ayala 3-749-870

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What is the respiratory system?

The respiratory system is the network of organs and tissues that help you breathe. These parts work together to move oxygen throughout the body and clean out waste gases like carbon dioxide.

What does the respiratory system do?

The respiratory system has many functions. Besides helping you inhale (breathe in) and exhale (breathe out), it:

Allows you to talk and to smell.

Warms air to match your body temperature and moisturizes it to the humidity level your body needs.

Delivers oxygen to the cells in your body.

Removes waste gases, including carbon dioxide, from the body when you exhale.

Protects your airways from harmful substances and irritants.

What are the parts of the respiratory system?

Your airways deliver air to your lungs. Your airways are a complicated system that includes your:

Mouth and nose: Openings that pull air from outside your body into your respiratory system.

Sinuses: Hollow areas between the bones in your head that help regulate the temperature and humidity of the air you inhale.

Pharynx (throat): Tube that delivers air from your mouth and nose to the trachea (windpipe).

Trachea: Passage connecting your throat and lungs.

Bronchial tubes: Tubes at the bottom of your windpipe that connect into each lung.

Lungs: Two organs that remove oxygen from the air and pass it into your blood.

How can I keep my respiratory system healthy?

To keep your respiratory system healthy, you should:

Avoid pollutants that can damage your airways, including secondhand smoke, chemicals and radon.

Don't smoke.

Eat a healthy diet with lots of fruits and vegetables and drink water to stay hydrated

Exercise regularly to keep your lungs healthy.

Prevent infections by washing your hands often and getting a flu vaccine each year.

What conditions affect the respiratory system?

Conditions that can cause inflammation (swelling, irritation and pain) or otherwise affect the respiratory system include:

Allergies

Asthma

Infection

Disease: lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

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Function

To produce egg and sperm cells

To transport and sustain these cells

To nurture the developing offspring

To produce hormones

Most common diseases

Endometriosis

Uterine fibroids

Gynecologic cancer

Intersticial cystitis

Polycystic Ovary sydrome

Main organs

Ovary: The ovaries are two small, oval-shaped glands located on either side of the uterus.

Fallopian tubes: The fallopian tubes are narrow tunnels for a fertilized egg to make its way down to the uterus.

Uterus: The uterus is a hollow, pear-shaped organ located in a woman’s lower abdomen, between the bladder and the rectum. It is also called the “womb” and holds the fetus during pregnancy.

Cervix: The cervix is the lower, narrow part of the uterus, located between the bladder and rectum.

Penis: The penis is made up of two parts, the shaft and the head.

Scrotum: The scrotum is the sac-like organ hanging behind and below the penis.

Urethra: The urethra is the tube that carries urine from the bladder to outside of the body.

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- The integumentary system is the body’s outer layer. It consists of your skin, hair, nails and glands. These organs and structures are your first line of defense against bacteria and help protect you from injury and sunlight. Your integumentary system works with other systems in your body to keep it in balance.

Skin: Your skin is the largest and heaviest organ in your body
Nails: Your nails protect the ends of your fingers and toes.
Hair: Our hair does more than help us look nice. The hair on your head helps keep heat in your body.
Glands: They release materials like water, salt or oil from under your skin to the surface of your skin.

- to maintain a healthy skin:

1. Wash up.

2. Block sun damage.

3. Don't use tanning beds or sunlamps.

4. Avoid dry skin.

5. Reduce stress.

6. Get enough sleep

- What is the function of the integumentary system?

integumentary system protects your body from infection and injuries you could get from your external environment. It’s your body’s coat of armor and the first line of defense against viruses, bacteria and other microbes.

- Most common dissease

Acne, blocked skin follicles that lead to oil, bacteria and dead skin buildup in your pores.

Alopecia areata, losing your hair in small patches.

Atopic dermatitis (eczema), dry, itchy skin that leads to swelling, cracking or scaliness.

Hyperhidrosis: Excessive sweating.

Seborrheic dermatitis.

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the skeletal system or skeleton is the biological system of solid formations of mesodermal origin that provides support, support, and protection to soft tissues and muscles in living organisms. The skeleton is a collection of bones, cartilage tissue, and ligaments that strengthen them.
FUNCTIONS
The skeletal system is a specialized structure that fulfills different functions, some multiple and others specialized, which are important for vertebrate living beings, among which we can mention:
•Protect organs.
•Support the muscular structure.
•Allow motor locomotion.
•Carry out mineral homeostasis that allows the storage of minerals, such as calcium, necessary to give bones resistance.
•It allows the production of blood cells through the red bone marrow, from which both red and white blood cells, as well as platelets, are obtained.
•Fat storage.
PARTS OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM
•Skull: hard, curved and closed plates, to avoid blows to the brain.
•Jaws: Support the teeth.
•Ribs and sternum: protect the heart and lungs.
•Dorsal spine: made up of vertebrae, protects the spinal cord and serves as the central support for the body.
HOW TO TAKE CARE OF IT
Include plenty of calcium in your diet.
Pay attention to vitamin D.
Incorporate physical activity into your daily routine.
MOST COMMON DISEASE

Bone cancer.

Bone density.

Paget's disease of bone.

Bone infections.

Imperfect osteogenesis.

Osteonecrosis.

Osteoporosis.

Rickets.

https://youtu.be/2k6H2Vnn3o4

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Endocrine system hormones help control mood, growth and development, the way organs work, metabolism, and reproduction. The endocrine system regulates how much of each of the hormones is released. This depends on the concentration of hormones already in the blood, or the concentration of other substances, such as calcium, in the blood.

What parts does the endocrine system consist of?

-The hypothalamus
-Pituitary
-The thyroid gland
-Parathyroid glands
-Adrenal glands
-Pineal gland
-The ovaries
-The testicles

If hormone concentrations are too high or too low, disorders or diseases of the endocrine system may occur. Diseases and disorders of the endocrine system also occur if the body does not respond to hormones the way it should.

Featured Endocrine Topics

-Hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid)
-Hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid)
-Prolactinoma
-Adrenal insufficiency and Addison's disease

How can I keep my endocrine system healthy?

-Get a lot of physical exercise.
-Eat a nutritious diet.
-Attend all your medical check-ups.
-Talk to your doctor before taking any herbal supplements or treatments.

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The muscle system is a set of tissues in the body with the ability to change shape. The nervous system coordinates the contraction of the muscular system and synchronizes its functions.
The muscle system consists of three types of muscles: the heart muscle, which forms the heart; the smooth muscle (not striated or involuntary) that has the interior of the internal organs; and the skeletal muscle (striated or voluntary), which is subject to skeleton through the tendons.

Diseases associated with muscle system:
Muscular cramp.
Muscular dystrophy.
Neuromuscular diseases.
Multiple sclerosis.
Fibromyalgia.
Miastenia serious.
Myositis
Soft tissue sarcoma.

To take care of the muscle system, it is recommended: perform strength and resistance exercises to maintain muscle mass, stretch before and after physical exercise, maintain a good body posture, and avoid sedentary lifestyle and prolonged inactivity.

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The cardiovascular system is made up of the heart and blood vessels: a network of veins, arteries, and capillaries that deliver oxygen from the lungs to tissues throughout the body through the blood by pumping the heart.
Another of the functions of the cardiovascular system is also to transport carbon dioxide, a waste product, from the whole body to the heart and lungs to finally eliminate carbon dioxide through respiration.

The cardiovascular system is made up of:
The heart - is the muscular pump that provides the energy to move blood through the blood vessels
Blood vessels – are the arteries, veins and capillaries through which blood circulates
Blood – is the content or liquid tissue that circulates through the vessels.

Main recommendations to prevent and control cardiovascular diseases.

Healthy eating and physical activity. Consume fresh and varied foods, which include whole fruits and vegetables in each of the meals.

Avoid the consumption of tobacco and its derivatives, as well as exposure to the smoke of these products.

Control of stress, hypertension and diabetes

More common diseases

Aneurysm

arteriosclerosis

blood clots

Coronary artery disease and carotid artery diseases

Raynaud's disease

stroke

Varicose veins

Vasculitis

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The nervous system has two main parts: the central nervous system is composed of the brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system is composed of all nerves that branch from the spinal cord and extend to all parts of the body.

The most common diseases are:
-Parkinson's disease.
-Multiple sclerosis (EM).
-Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
-Alzheimer disease .
Huntington's disease.

To maintain our healthy brain:
1. Say a Mediterranean diet.
2. Control hypertension.
3. Banda the tobacco.
4. Vigila obesity, cholesterol and diabetes.
5. You have moderate exercise every day.
6. Tu emotional well -being.
7. Main intellectual activity.
8. Cultivate relationships.

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The urinary system  filters your blood, removing waste and excess water. This waste becomes pee.
The kidney and urinary systems help the body to get rid of the waste product.
The urinary system includes:
-kidneys: they get rid of the waste
-ureters:they carry pee from your kidneys to your bladder
-bladder: it storages pee.
- urethra: This tube carries pee from your bladder out of your body.
how to take care of it? drink enough water, exercise, Eat a balanced diet, Empty your bladder fully, Do pelvic floor exercises.
The most common urinary issues are bladder infections and urinary tract infections (UTIs).

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•The digestive system chemically breaks down nutrients into small enough parts that the body can absorb the nutrients and use for energy, growth, and cell repair.

•The hollow organs that make up the gastrointestinal tract are the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus. The liver, pancreas, and gallbladder are the solid organs of the digestive system.

•The most common diseases are:
heartburn, cancer, irritable bowel syndrome, and lactose intolerance.

•HOW TO TAKE CARE OF OUR DIGESTIVE HEALTH? Diet rich in fruits, vegetables, legumes and whole grains. Avoid sugar, refined flours, soft drinks and sweets. Reduce the consumption of salt. Take care of our rest and avoid stress. Hydrate properly. Eat slowly, digestion begins in the mouth. Avoid drinking alcohol.