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A clipping mask is a group of layers to which a mask is applied. The bottommost layer, or base layer, defines the visible boundaries

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The Transform tool allows for multiple resizing, scaling, warping and perspective changes within one continuous operation

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Kerning is the spacing between individual letters or characters

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The vertical space between lines of type is called leading.

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the spacing between glyphs applied to an entire piece of text

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The Select and Mask screen can be accessed by first selecting any of the Marquee tools, the Lasso tools, or the Quick Select tools. Once any of these tools is selected, the option to select and mask the current document will appear on the right side of the top toolbar

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enables you to tighten up a picture and make it clearer by making it sharper

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The Blur tool allows you to paint blur effect on specific areas of an image

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The Burn tool darkens areas of an image. The more you paint over an area with the Burn tool, the darker it becomes

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The Dodge tool allows you to lighten specific areas of your image without affecting hue or saturation

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The sponge tool in Photoshop works on color saturation. It can either saturate a color or desaturate a color

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The Smudge tool simulates the effect of rubbing against wet paint, picking up the color where the drag begins and moving through the image as the drag continues

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Use the Options bar to customize tool settings, like setting the aspect ratio or width and height values, to get the effect you want

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The Straighten tool lets you straighten crooked images and objects interactively by aligning a straightening bar with an image feature

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Select the Paint Bucket tool (G) from the toolbar. · In the tool options bar, choose to fill the selection with the foreground color

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The Gradient Tool creates a gradual blend between multiple colors

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The Horizontal Type tool allows you to add horizontal text to your images

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Hand tool allows you to move your image while you're zoomed in to more than 100% and part of the image is out of view

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Click the magnifying glass in the toolbar to access the Zoom tool, and then click on the specific area you want to zoom in on

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The Brush tool and the Pencil tool work like traditional drawing tools applying color with brush strokes.

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The Rectangular Marquee Tool is used for making a rectangular selection. The Elliptical Marquee Tool is used for making a circular selection

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The Quick Selection tool allows you to quickly and easily select one area or section of an image

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The Polygonal Lasso Tool creates selections with straight edges.

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The Magic Wand tool automatically selects an object or area of your image, using machine learning to discern what you might be trying to select

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In Adobe Photoshop, use the Lasso tool, Polygonal Lasso tool, and the Magnetic lasso tool to easily make selections.

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The Healing Brush and Patch tools allow you fix imperfections, like scratches, wrinkles, dust spots, etc., causing them to disappear into the surrounding image

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The Spot Healing Brush tool magically removes unwanted spots, marks, or small objects in your image.

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The Photoshop Clone Stamp tool copies one area of an image onto another area of an image. Photographers and designers often use the Clone Stamp tool to remove unwanted elements from a photograph.

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With the Patch tool selected, draw a selection border over an area on your image that you want to replace

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The Move tool helps you position selected content or layers when customizing your work.

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the state of being strikingly different from something else in juxtaposition or close association.

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striking brightness of color.

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a color or shade

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In photography and image processing, color balance is the global adjustment of the intensities of the colors

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Colorfulness, chroma and saturation are attributes of perceived color relating to chromatic intensity

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A scrim is a woven material, either finely woven lightweight fabric widely used in theatre, or a heavy, coarse woven material used for reinforcement in both building and canvas making.

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In photography and cinematography, a reflector is an improvised or specialised reflective surface used to redirect light towards a given subject or scene

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Advanced Photo System type-C (APS-C) is an image sensor format approximately equivalent in size to the Advanced Photo System film negative in its C ("Classic") format, of 25.1×16.7 mm, an aspect ratio of 3:2 and Ø 30.15 mm field diameter.

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A full-frame sensor is most simply deﬁned by its sheer size—36 mm by 24 mm—and the distinctive look it makes possible

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The crop factor is sometimes referred to as "magnification factor", "focal length factor" or "focal length multiplier".

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a nondestructive way to hide parts of an image or layer without erasing them

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every change you make to a video or photo after you download the RAW file to your computer

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A thumbnail is a small image representation of a larger image, usually intended to make it easier and faster to look at or manage a group of larger images.

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Metadata means "data about data". Metadata is defined as the data providing information about one or more aspects of the data

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A digital single-lens reflex camera is a digital camera that combines the optics and the mechanisms of a single-lens reflex camera with a solid-state image sensor and digitally records the images from the sensor

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Vibration Reduction (VR) is an image stabilization technology that minimizes blur caused by camera shake.

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A fisheye lens is an ultra wide-angle lens that produces strong visual distortion intended to create a wide panoramic or hemispherical image

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a lens with a longer focal length than standard, giving a narrow field of view and a magnified image.

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In film and photography, a prime lens is a fixed focal length photographic lens, typically with a maximum aperture from f2.8 to f1.2.

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A macro lens is a lens that specifically allows you to focus extremely close to a subject so that it appears large in the viewfinder

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The last hour before sunset and the first hour after sunrise

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The blue hour is the period of twilight when the Sun is at a significant depth below the horizon

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Red, blue, and yellow are three primary colors that create a triadic color scheme

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a technique that layers two different exposures on a single image, combining two photographs into one

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it's a measure of the light intensities from the highlights to the shadows

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an image file format created with AdobePhotoshop.

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JPEG is a commonly used method of lossy compression for digital images, particularly for those images produced by digital photography

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Portable Network Graphics is a raster-graphics file format that supports lossless data compression

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RAW files contain uncompressed and unprocessed image data

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A file format is a standard way that information is encoded for storage in a computer file.

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SOOC is a photographer's abbreviation that stands for “Straight Out Of Camera.” It refers to images that are shown exactly as they were captured by the camera, with no post-processing applied whatsoever

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DPI refers to the number of printed dots contained within one inch of an image printed by a printer. PPI refers to the number of pixels contained within one inch of an image displayed on a computer monitor.

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Image resolution is the level of detail of an image. The term applies to digital images, film images, and other types of images.

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The aspect ratio of an image is the ratio of its width to its height, and is expressed with two numbers separated by a colon, such as 16:9, sixteen-to-nine

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Cropping is the removal of unwanted outer areas from a photographic or illustrated image.

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a horizontal menu at the top of the main Photoshop window that lets you customize a tool

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(in a program with a graphical user interface) a strip of icons used to perform certain functions.

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The tool palette in Photoshop is located on the left-most side of Photoshop. Here's an image of the Photoshop tool palette: The tool palette of Adobe Photoshop contains different types of tools that can be used to edit and enhance the quality of the image by the user.

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Workspace Switcher also displays the application windows and dialogs that are open in your workspaces

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A menu bar is a graphical control element which contains drop-down menus. The menu bar's purpose is to supply a common housing for window- or application-specific menus which provide access to such functions as opening files, interacting with an application, or displaying help documentation or manuals

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Exposure compensation basically helps you override automatic exposure adjustments your camera makes in situations with uneven light distribution, filters, non-standard processing, or underexposure or overexposure

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In Manual mode, the exposure level indicator shows how much your set exposure values deviate from the levels the camera believes are optimal

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Bracketing is a technique that photographers use to capture the best possible photo.

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An AF point is a specific part of the frame where the camera is able to focus on something.

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a chemical process that converts the metallic silver in the emulsion of a photographic print into a silver sulfide compound.

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a small illustration or portrait photograph which fades into its background without a definite border.

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an outstanding part of an event or period of time.

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The Tonal Range That Lies Between The Extreme Highlights And Shadows, Lending A Sense Of Depth, Dimension, And Naturalness To A Photograph

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a dark area or shape produced by a body coming between rays of light and a surface.

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the light in an average scene being photographed is averaged out, it will produce an 18% gray tone (neutral)

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Evaluative Metering mode is the default metering mode on most digital cameras

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like using Evaluative metering with a centre AF point

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Partial metering is one of four modes found mostly on Canon cameras to help measure a subject's brightness

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evaluates light around the chosen focus point or centre of the frame

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Burst mode, also called continuous shooting mode, sports mode, continuous mode, or burst shot, is a shooting mode in still cameras where several photos are taken.

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In cinematography and photography, panning means swivelling a still or video camera horizontally from a fixed position. This motion is similar to the motion of a person when they turn their head on their neck from left to right.

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Light painting, painting with light, light drawing, or light art performance photography are terms that describe photographic techniques of moving a light source while taking a long-exposure photograph

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Time-lapse photography is a technique in which the frequency at which film frames are captured is much lower than the frequency used to view the sequence. When played at normal speed, time appears to be moving faster and thus lapsing

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Long-exposure, time-exposure, or slow-shutter photography involves using a long-duration shutter speed to sharply capture the stationary elements of images while blurring, smearing, or obscuring the moving elements.

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a term used to define the act of accidentally shaking a camera during shooting due to unsteady hands, which results in blurry images

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a three-legged stand for supporting a camera or other apparatus.

Monopod: 1

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Motion blur is the apparent streaking of moving objects in a photograph or a sequence of frames, such as a film or animation

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Bulb mode is simply a shutter speed option that you can select in Manual mode on your camera

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the speed at which the shutter of the camera closes

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When you switch to this mode, you can control your aperture, ISO, and white balance.

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shutter priority mode, is when a photographer manually designates a shutter speed for a given exposure

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Allows you to change ISO, Aperture, and Shutter speed

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the camera selects and sets both the shutter speed and the aperture

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when the camera chooses the optimum shutter speed, aperture, ISO and flash settings for your shot.

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the dark shape and outline of someone or something visible against a lighter background, especially in dim light.