# data[].attributes.headline
Breast Ultrasound is the primary imaging modality used in diagnosing and classifying Gynecomastia

# data[].attributes.subject
Breast Ultrasound is the primary imaging modality used in diagnosing and classifying Gynecomastia

# data[].attributes.body
☆ Sonographically, it will appear as a triangular, hypoechoic mass in the retroareolar area

# data[].attributes.body
☆ The pyramidal shape of this hypoechoic mass visualized on ultrasound indicates Gynecomastia

# data[].attributes.body
☆ Pregnancy
☆ Puberty
☆ Aging
☆ Use of anabolic steroids
☆ Chronic liver disease
☆ Kidney disease
☆ Thyroid disease
☆ Hormonally active tumors
☆ Excessive alcohol intake
☆ Excessive drug use
☆ Obesity

# data[].attributes.body
☆ Dixon, A.-M. (2008). Breast ultrasound: How, why, and when. Elsevier.

☆ Draghi, F., Tarantino, C. C., Madonia, L., & Ferrozzi, G. (2011, September). Ultrasonography of the male breast. Journal of ultrasound. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3558246/

☆ Gilcrease-Garcia, B. (2023, July 28). Gynecomastia: Radiology Reference Article. Radiopaedia Blog RSS. https://radiopaedia.org/articles/gynaecomastia?lang=us

☆ Gynecomastia: Etiology, diagnosis, and treatment - endotext - NCBI ... (n.d.). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279105/

☆ Gynecomastia. JHM. (2019, November 19). https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/gynecomastia

☆ Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. (2021, October 16). Enlarged breasts in men (gynecomastia). Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gynecomastia/symptoms-causes/syc-20351793

☆ professional, C. C. medical. (n.d.). Gynecomastia: What is it, causes, diagnosis & treatment. Cleveland Clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16227-enlarged-male-breast-tissue-gynecomastia

# data[].attributes.body
☆ Digital mammograms offer higher resolution and extremely detailed imaging
☆ Absence of a well-defined mass can differentiate Gynecomastia from malignancy

# data[].attributes.headline
A provider will take a patient's past health and medical history and perform a physical exam

# data[].attributes.subject
A provider will take a patient's past health and medical history and perform a physical exam

# data[].attributes.headline
Gynecomastia generally does not cause any long-term complications

# data[].attributes.subject
Gynecomastia generally does not cause any long-term complications

# data[].attributes.body
☆ Many cases will eventually resolve on their own, within a few months to several years
☆ For cases that persist, surgery is an option

# data[].attributes.headline
Many men and boys with Gynecomastia don't require any type of treatment

# data[].attributes.subject
Many men and boys with Gynecomastia don't require any type of treatment

# data[].attributes.body
☆ Although it is not a serious physical health concern, it can be tough to cope with and can be potentially psychologically and emotionally damaging

# data[].attributes.body
☆ High fetal blood levels of estrogen and progesterone produced by the mother can stimulate the growth of breast tissue in a newborn male
☆ Neonatal Gynecomastia may persist for several weeks after birth but will eventually resolve itself

# data[].attributes.headline
Your healthcare provider will determine the best course of treatment for you based on:

# data[].attributes.subject
Your healthcare provider will determine the best course of treatment for you based on:

# data[].attributes.body
☆ Your age
☆ Your overall health
☆ Past medical history
☆ How well you can handle certain medications
☆ How long the condition is expected to last
☆ Your own opinions and preferences

# data[].attributes.body
☆ Fluctuating hormones, including the normal jumps in estrogen and drops in testosterone that are expected during puberty, can cause breast tissue to grow unexpectedly
☆ Up to 60% of boys have clinically detectable Gynecomastia by age 14
☆ Pubertal Gynecomastia will usually resolve as hormonal levels balance out, a process that can take anywhere from 6 months - 2 years to complete

# data[].attributes.headline
Most cases are harmless and will resolve on their own

# data[].attributes.subject
Most cases are harmless and will resolve on their own

# data[].attributes.headline
Gynecomastia is caused by a fluctuation in the levels of the female sex hormone (estrogen) and the male sex hormone (testosterone)

# data[].attributes.subject
Gynecomastia is caused by a fluctuation in the levels of the female sex hormone (estrogen) and the male sex hormone (testosterone)

# data[].attributes.body
☆ Enlarged breasts are common in men over the age of 50
☆ With increasing age, men's bodies will produce less and less testosterone, which can potentially lead to the growth of breast tissue

# data[].attributes.headline
Specifically, it is triggered by a decrease in the amount of testosterone compared to the amount of estrogen

# data[].attributes.subject
Specifically, it is triggered by a decrease in the amount of testosterone compared to the amount of estrogen

# data[].attributes.body
☆ This decrease can be caused by a large variety of conditions that may block the effects of testosterone, reduce the levels of testosterone, or increase the level of estrogen

# data[].attributes.headline
There are 3 classifications of Gynecomastia:

# data[].attributes.subject
There are 3 classifications of Gynecomastia:

# data[].attributes.body
☆ Acute (Nodular)
☆ Intermediate (Dendritic)
☆ Chronic (Diffuse Glandular)

# data[].attributes.headline
In order to rule out other diseases or conditions, the patient may have a variety of tests including:

# data[].attributes.subject
In order to rule out other diseases or conditions, the patient may have a variety of tests including:

# data[].attributes.body
☆ Blood tests
☆ Liver function tests
☆ Urine tests
☆ Hormone studies
☆ Ultrasound
☆ Mammogram
☆ Small breast tissue sample biopsy

# data[].attributes.headline
If a cause is identified, the removal of the stimulus may result in spontaneous regression

# data[].attributes.subject
If a cause is identified, the removal of the stimulus may result in spontaneous regression

# data[].attributes.body
☆ If a medication is causing the breasts to enlarge, switching to a different prescription may cause the swelling to go down
☆ If a disease is the cause (Chronic Liver Disease, Lung Disease, etc) then swelling may go down with treatment

# data[].attributes.headline
A number of diseases and medical conditions could potentially trigger Gynecomastia, including:

# data[].attributes.subject
A number of diseases and medical conditions could potentially trigger Gynecomastia, including:

# data[].attributes.body
☆ Normal hormonal changes
☆ Certain Medications
☆ Excessive Alcohol Intake
☆ Recreational drug use
☆ Certain health conditions (Kidney disease, Liver disease, Thyroid disease, etc)
☆ Certain herbal products (these can be present in shampoos, lotions, soaps, etc)

# data[].attributes.headline
In some cases, hormone therapy may be used to treat Gynecomastia

# data[].attributes.subject
In some cases, hormone therapy may be used to treat Gynecomastia

# data[].attributes.headline
There is a small population of men with Gynecomastia who are at a heightened risk for developing Male Breast Cancer

# data[].attributes.subject
There is a small population of men with Gynecomastia who are at a heightened risk for developing Male Breast Cancer

# data[].attributes.headline
In some cases, the glandular tissue may simply become inactive and fibrous. If this occurs, the condition is no longer reversible

# data[].attributes.subject
In some cases, the glandular tissue may simply become inactive and fibrous. If this occurs, the condition is no longer reversible

# data[].attributes.body
☆ At this point, some men may choose to get breast reduction surgery in order to remove the extra tissue

# data[].attributes.headline
Gynecomastia is a condition of overdevelopment of the breast tissue in men or boys

# data[].attributes.subject
Gynecomastia is a condition of overdevelopment of the breast tissue in men or boys

# data[].attributes.body
☆ Can be found in men of all ages

# data[].attributes.body
☆ Before and after breast reduction therapy in a man diagnosed with Gynecomastia

# data[].attributes.body
☆ Swelling of the male breast tissue

# data[].attributes.body
☆ Normal vs Abnormal male breast

# data[].attributes.headline
Mammography is the x-ray examination of the breast

# data[].attributes.subject
Mammography is the x-ray examination of the breast

# data[].attributes.body
☆ Mammograms are not routinely offered to men
☆ A doctor may order a reccomend screening mammography if there is a genetic mutation that increases the risk of developing male breast cancer

# data[].attributes.headline
Gynecomastia is the primary benign breast condition diagnosed in males

# data[].attributes.subject
Gynecomastia is the primary benign breast condition diagnosed in males

# data[].attributes.body
☆ Its prevalence is estimated to account for 40% of all disorders of the male breast worldwide

# data[].attributes.body
☆ Mammogram of a normal male breast shown mediolateral oblique (A) and craniocaudal (B)

# data[].attributes.body
☆ Abnormal mammogram, with Gynecomastia evident in the left breast

# data[].attributes.body
☆ Increased sub-areolar density
☆ May be flame shaped

# data[].attributes.headline
Gynecomastia can present as a unilateral, bilateral, symmetric, or asymmetric condition

# data[].attributes.subject
Gynecomastia can present as a unilateral, bilateral, symmetric, or asymmetric condition

# data[].attributes.body
☆ Gynecomastia that is both Bilateral and Symmetric, with even growth in both breasts

# data[].attributes.body
☆ Unilateral Gynecomastia in an adolescent male, with growth evident in only one breast

# data[].attributes.body
☆ Lesion appears solid
☆ Retroareolar mass
☆ Hypoechoic echotexture
☆ Well-defined margins

# data[].attributes.body
☆ Bilateral and Asymmetrical Gynecomastia with uneven growth evident in both breasts

# data[].attributes.body
☆ Lesion appears triangular, hypoechoic, and retroareolar
☆ Branches extending into peripheral adipose tissue
☆ Moderate vascularity

# data[].attributes.headline
Differential diagnosis of a palpable breast mass in a male patient could include:

# data[].attributes.subject
Differential diagnosis of a palpable breast mass in a male patient could include:

# data[].attributes.body
☆ Lipoma
☆ Subareolar Sepsis
☆ Mastitis
☆ Sebaceous Cyst
☆ Epidermal Inclusion Cyst
☆ Hematoma
☆ Fat Necrosis

# data[].attributes.body
☆ Glandular tissue is diffusely distributed within the adipose tissue in a pattern that resembles a female breast
☆ As Gynecomastia progresses and becomes diffuse, it results in a hyperechoic increase in the glandular parenchyma

# data[].attributes.headline
It is important to differentiate a diagnosis of Gynecomastia from the simple excess of fatty subcutaneous tissue that can be associated with obesity

# data[].attributes.subject
It is important to differentiate a diagnosis of Gynecomastia from the simple excess of fatty subcutaneous tissue that can be associated with obesity

# data[].attributes.body
☆ Ultrasound can be useful in making this differentiation

# data[].attributes.body
☆ This image notes the anatomic layers of a normal breast
☆ When present, Gynecomastia will appear within the Subcutaneous layer of breast tissue

# data[].attributes.headline
Ultrasound can be useful when differentiating a diagnosis of Gynecomastia from a simple excess of fatty tissue

# data[].attributes.subject
Ultrasound can be useful when differentiating a diagnosis of Gynecomastia from a simple excess of fatty tissue

# data[].attributes.headline
4.  A lump detected underneath the nipple

# data[].attributes.subject
4.  A lump detected underneath the nipple

# data[].attributes.body
☆ The lump may move freely in the breast tissue and may also be tender to the touch