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Paragraph 3:
I. The relationship between sports and war in ancient Greece and Rome.
A. Sports themselves imitated aggressive behavior in both cultures.
B. Wars resembled prearranged athletic contests

Paragraph 4:
I. Greece's most popular sports.
A. Races, wrestling, fencing, jousting, archery, spear throwing, discus.
B. Boxing
1. Two boxers will fight until one boxer gives in or is defeated.
2. Boxers in Greece wore leather on their knuckles to protect their own hands and increase the ef ects of their hits on the opponent, á la modern brass knuckles.
C. Pankration.
1. An unarmed fight between two men, with hardly any rules.
II. Roman.
A. Boxing.
1. They held both Greek-style boxing matches and Roman-style.
a. Boxers wear heavier gloves, iron and lead were sewn into the gloves
b. The purpose of the heavier gloves was not to protect either the hitter or the opponent.
c. Bouts often concluded with the death of a player.

Paragraph 5.
I. Not all ancient Greek city-states participated in the bloodiest of the traditional athletic sports.
A. Alexander the Great, discouraged or even forbade soldiers from taking part in popular games.
B. Sparta, the most militaristic state in ancient Greece, discouraged boxing and pankration.
C. Games that promoted even more military efficacy were encouraged.
II. Teawork.
A. Spartans regularly held team-based combative contests.
B. Spartans also played team sports that centered on a ball.

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P3. Main idea: The warlike sport of the Romans and Greeks.

A.     Features of this competition

a.      Wars resembled prearranged athletic contests in Greece, with heavily armed.

b.      Citizens earned status for participation in both wars and games.

c.      fought hand-to-hand until one side ceded victory.

P4. Main idea: The most popular Greek athletics were often individualistic and combat-based.

A.     Competitions.

-        Races, wrestling, fencing, jousting, archery, spear throwing, discus, and boxing.

B.     Features of boxing.

a.      Two competitors fighting until one boxer either ceded or was knocked out.

b.      Boxers in Greece wore leather on their knuckles.

c.      Iron and lead were sewn into the gloves.

P5. Main idea: Not all ancient Greek city-states participated in the bloodiest of the traditional athletic sports.

A.     Legendary Greek generals even forbade soldiers from taking part in popular games.

B.     Sparta discouraged boxing and pankration.

C.      Popular military sports.

-        young men fought each other on an island until one of the teams pushed the other into the water

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P3:Greeks nor thể Romans used sports.
1   specific wartime training
2 elements ò thế sports themselves
P4:The most popular Greek athletics were
1 individualistic
2 combat-base
Etc:they included races, wrestling, fencing, jousting, archery, spear throwing, discus, and bõing.
The boxing  be enjoy more.
P5:the most militaristic state in ancient Greece.
1 discouraged boxing.
2 pankration

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I. Elements of both Greek and Roman sport imitated the aggressive behavior of both cultures. (Paragraph 3)

A. Wars are like sports competition

1. Resembled prearranged

2. With heavily armed, opposing armies made up of privileged citizens wealthy enough to arm themselves

3. Citizens earned status for participation in both wars and games, and often fought hand-to-hand until one side ceded victory

B. War between Sparta and Argos in 546 BCE

1. An equal number of evenly matched warriors—three hundred for each side—were sent to fight each other

2. Both sides claimed victory

II. The most popular Greek athletics were often individualistic and combat-based (Paragraph 4)

A. Popular sports are individualistic

1. Races, wrestling, fencing, jousting, archery, spear throwing, discus, and boxing

2. Especially boxing, which featured two competitors fi ghting until one boxer either ceded or was knocked out

B. Greek and Roman boxers, fighters

1. Heavier, iron and lead were sewn into gloves to end an opponent in death

2. Pankration, a Greek game consisting of an unarmed fi ght between two men, with scarcely any rules

III. Games encourage military efficiency (Paragraph 5)

A. Partans regularly held team-based combative contests

1. Groups of young men fight each other on an island until one of the teams pushes the other into the water

2. Spartans played team sports that centered on a ball. These Spartan sports are the only known occurrence of ball-oriented games in either ancient Greek or Roman cultures

B. In the book Combat Sports in the Ancient World: Competition, Violence, and Culture

1. Michael B. Poliakoe says, “It of course makes perfect sense that if play is to be at all useful for war, it should include corporate activity like that of a battle squadron.”

2. His argument is that Sparta’s team sports had the underlying purpose of oe ering military training.

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Pagagraph :

Mean idea: sports in Greece and Rome imitated their belligerent behavior from war.

1.Peoplecan voluntarily participate in war or sports games. They only stop when one side wins

2. for example  of a pre-arranged conflict between Sparta and Argos in 546

Pagagraph 4

Mean Idea : Popular sports are especially boxing

1 Greek:

1. The most popular Greek athletics were often individualistic and combat-based such as wrestling, fencing, jousting, archery, spear throwing, discus, and boxing.

b.    Especially boxing, in which there are two competitors competing.

until a fighter concedes or is knocked down .

C Boxers wore leather on their knuckles to protect their hands and increase the impact of blows on their opponents

2 Roman:

a .The Romans similarly enjoyed boxing

b. Boxers are given heavy gloves for the purpose of knocking down their opponents

Pagagraph 5 some places do not participate in the bloody game and include troops and teammates in the game

Example:

1 Alexander the Great, discouraged or even banned soldiers from participating in popular games

2 Spartans regularly organize team competitions in which groups of young people participate.

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Paragraph 3:
Main idea: The warlike behavior of Rome and Greece in their struggles.
A. Wars resembled prearranged athletic contests and often fought hand-to-hand until one side ceded victory.
1.An example of a war that was very much like a Greek game is the prearranged conflict between Sparta and Argos in 546 BCE.
Paragraph 4:
Main idea: Popular sports in Rome and Greece were often individual and combat-based.
A.Races, wrestling, fencing, jousting, archery, spear throwing, discus, and boxing.
B.Fighting ability and aggressive instinct in sports .
1. Especially boxing, which featured two competitors fighting until one boxer either ceded or was knocked out.
2.Iron and lead were sewn into the gloves, and unsurprisingly, bouts often concluded with the death of a player.
Paragraph 5:
Main idea: Not all ancient Greek city-states participated in the bloodiest of the traditional athletic sports
A.Participation in sports is not recommended
1.Legendary Greek generals, including Alexander the Great, discouraged or even forbade soldiers
from taking part in popular games.
2.Sparta, the most militaristic state in ancient Greece, discouraged boxing and pankration.
B.Participation in team sports is encouraged
1.Spartans regularly held team-based combative contests .
2.Sparta’s team sports had the underlying purpose of underlying military training.

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paragraph 3
Main idea: The Greeks and the Romans used sport
A. Wars resembled prearranged athletic contests in Greece
a. The military were wealthy citizens who could afford to arm themselves.
b. Often fought hand-to-hand until one side ceded victory
B. Example of a war game between Sparta and Argos
paragraph 4
Main idea: The most popular Greek athletics were often individualistic and combat-based
A. Examples of popular sports
a. Include races, wrestling, fencing, jousting, archery, spear throwing, discus, and boxing
B. Especially boxing
a. Both Greece and Rome were especially fond of boxing
b. They held both Greek-style boxing matches and Roman-style
C. Describe the formula for fighting (pankration)
a. An unarmed fight between two men with hardly, with scarcely any rules
paragraph 5
Main idea: Not all ancient Greek city-states  participated in the bloodiest of the traditional athletic sports
A. Sparta is a state in ancient  Greece
a. Discouraged boxing and pankration
b. Encouraging sports related to a battle squadron
c. Often concluded until one of the teams pushed the other into the water
B. Purpose of offering military training.

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Paragraph 3:

Main Idea: Ancient Greek and Roman sports and warfare shared similarities.

A. Wars and Athletic Contests:

a. Privileged citizens participated.

b. Hand-to-hand combat was common.

B. Example of Similarity:

a. Prearranged conflict between Sparta and Argos in 546 BCE.

C. Overall Impact:

a. Participation influenced social status.

Paragraph 4:

Main Idea: Greek and Roman athletics included combat-based sports like boxing and pankration.

A. Popular Greek Athletics:

a. Races, wrestling, fencing, archery, and more.

b. Greek boxing with knuckle protection.

B. Roman Boxing:

a. Emperor Augustus favored it.

b. Roman-style boxing with deadly gloves.

C. Pankration:

a. Greek unarmed combat.

b. Few rules, often brutal, sometimes lethal.

Paragraph 5:

Main Idea: Not all ancient Greek city-states favored traditional violent sports; Sparta emphasized team-based combat games with military training.

A. Opposition to Traditional Sports:

a. Generals like Alexander discouraged games.

b. Sparta avoided boxing and pankration.

B. Spartan Team-Based Combat Games:

a. Contests on an island with teams pushing opponents into water.

b. Unique ball-oriented team sports.

c. These games served for military training and teamwork.

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Main Idea: Though neither the Greeks nor the Romans used  sports as specific wartime training, elements of the sports themselves mimicked warlike behavior in both cultures.
A: The similarity between war and sport
- Wars resembled prearranged athletic contests in Greece
- Citizens earned status for participation in both wars and games
Paragraph 4:
Main idea: The popular Greek athletics were often individualistic and combat-based.
A: Popular sports in Greek
- races, wrestling, fencing, jousting, archery, spear throwing, discus, boxing.
B: Another Greek sport
- a Greek game consisting of an unarmed fight between two men with scarcely any rules is Pankration
Paragraph 5:
Main idea: Not all ancient Greek city-states participated in the bloodiest of the traditional athletics sports.
A: Sparta
- the most militaristic state discouraged boxing and pankration
- Spartans regularly held team-based combative contest in which groups of young men fought each other on an island
- Spartans also played team sports that centereed on a ball

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Paragraph 3 :  similarities , sporting elements and warfare practices in ancient Greece & Rome

- Resemblance Between Wars and Athletic Contests: in Greece, wars resembled prearranged athletic contests, featuring heavily armed, privileged citizens on opposing sides. - Hand-to-Hand Combat - Prearranged Conflicts - Competitive Claims of Victory Paragraph 4 : Recommended popular Greek sports, often individual and combat-based. -Description of Greek boxing with leather knuckles for protection and increased impact. - Mention of Roman boxing, including both Greek-style and Roman-style matches. Paragraph 5 : an ancient Greek city-state that discouraged traditional sports and ball games as a means of military training and fostered values ​​such as teamwork and discipline. - Alexander the Great and Military Discouragement -Sparta's Unique Approach -Spartan Sports -Purpose of Spartan Sports

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Paragraph 3: Main idea: Sports as specific wartime training, elements of the sports mimicked warlike behavior in both cultures.
I.  Greek and sports.
A. Wars resembled prearranged athletic contests.
B. Opposing armies consisting of privileged, wealthy citizens.
C. Citizens participated in both wars and games.
D. hand-to-hand combat until one side cedes victory.
1. - Ex: Prearranged conflict between Sparta and Argos in 546 BCE.

- an equal number of evenly matched warriors- 300 each side=> fight.

Paragraph 4: Main idea: popular Greek athletics individualistic and combat based.
I. Popular sports.

- Races, wrestling, fencing, boxing, …
II. Boxing in Rome and Greek.

1.     Rome: two competitors fighting until one boxer either ceded or knocked out.

2.     Greek: wear leather on knuckles to protect hands and increase effect of hits.

3.    Greek and Roma style: wear heavier gloves to protect either hitter or opponent.

4.     Iron and lead sewn into gloves=> concluded with the death of a player.

III. Pankration: unarmed fight between 2 men and scarcely and rules.

Paragraph 5: Main idea: Not all ancient Greek city-states participated in the bloodiest of the traditional athletic sports.
I. Sparta militaristic state in ancient Greece.
-Discouraged boxing and pankration. Instead, games promoting military efficacy.
II. Team-Based Combative Contests in Sparta.

Spartans held team-based combative contests groups of young men fought until one of the teams pushed the other into the water.

Played team sports centered on a ball. the only known occurrence of ball-oriented games in either ancient Greek or Roman cultures.

III. Argument by Michael B. Poliakoff

1. In his book World: competition, violence, and culture=> makes perfect sense if play all useful for war, include corporate activity like that of a battle squadron.

2. The argument is that Spartan team sports had the primary purpose of military training.

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paragraph 3:
main idea: Neither the Greeks nor the Romans used sports as specific wartime training
A.Similarities between wars and sports
a.Wars in Greece resembled prearranged athletic contests.
b.Citizens earned status for participation in both wars and games.
c.Wars and games often involved hand-to-hand combat.
paragraph 4:
main idea: The most popular Greek athletics were often individualistic and combat-based.
A.  Popular Greek sports
a.Races, wrestling, fencing, jousting, archery, spear throwing, discus, and boxing.
B.Pankration
a.Another sport that was even rougher and also occasionally led to death was pankration, a Greek game consisting of an unarmed fight between two men, with scarcely any rules.
paragraph 5:
main idea: Not all ancient Greek city-states participated in the bloodiest of the traditional athletic sports.
A. Spartan sports
a.Sparta, the most militaristic state in ancient Greece, discouraged boxing and pankration.
b.Spartans regularly held team-based combative contests in which groups of young men fought each other on an island until one of the teams pushed the other into the water.

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Reading: Athletics In Classical Times

Paragraph 3:
main idea:  Sports in ancient Greece and Rome exhibited warlike behavior
A.Elements of the sports themselves mimicked warlike behavior in both cultures.

Wars resembled prearranged athletic contests in Greece.

Ex: heavily armed, opposing arimies made up of privileged citizens wealthy enough to arm themselves
B. Citizens earned status for paticipation in both wars and games.

Citizens often fight hand-to-hand until one side cede victory.

C.An example of a war that was very much like a Greece game

Greece game is the prearranged conflict between  Sparta and Argos in 546BCE

Paragraph 4:
Main idea: the most popular Greek athletics were often individualistic and combat-based.
A. It included races , wresling, fencing, jousting, archery, spear throwing, discus, and boxing

Popular in Roma

Especially boxing

1. Two competitors fighting until one boxer either ceded or was knocked out

2. Boxer in Greece wore leather on their knuckles

3. the romans similarly enjoyed boxing

a. Held both Greek-style boxing matches and Roman-style.
b. Boxers wore heavier gloves

B.Another sport that was even rougher and also occasionlly led to death was pankration
Paragraph 5
Main idea: NOT ALL ancient Greek city-states participated in the bloodiest of the traditional athletic sports and Team-based was emphasized in competions.
A.Legendary Greek generals, including Alexander the Great discouraged or forbade soldiers
B.Sparta, the most militaristic state in ancient Greece discouraged boxing and pankration
C.Sparta's team sports had the underlying purpose of offering military training.

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Paragraph 3
Main idea : Sports in ancient Greece and Rome had warlike elements
A. Wars resembled prearranged athletic contests in Greece
a. The military were wealthy citizens who could afford to arm themselves.
b. Often fought hand-to-hand until one side ceded victory
B. Example of a war-game between Sparta and Argos
Paragraph 4
Main idea : Greek athletics were often individualistic and combat-based
A. Examples of popular sports in both cultures
a. They included races, wrestling, fencing, jousting, archery, spear throwing, discus, and boxing
B. Comparison of boxing in Greece and Rome
a. Both Greece and Rome were especially fond of boxing
b. They held both Greek-style boxing matches and Roman-style
C. Description of pankration
a. An unarmed fight between two men with hardly any rules
Paragraph 5
Main idea: The bloodiest of the traditional athletics sports don't appear at all ancient Geek city
A. Sparta is state in ancient  Greece
a. Discouraged boxing and pankration
b. Encouraging sports relate a battle squadror
c. Often concluded until one of teams pushed the other into the water
B. Purpose of offering military training.

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Paragraph 3:
I. The Intertwining of War and Sports in Ancient Greece

A. Highlight the significance of the connection between war and sports

B. Explain the cultural and historical context of ancient Greece

II. The Sparta vs. Argos Conflict in 546 BCE: A Battle Resembling Sports

A. Background: Overview of Sparta and Argos

B. The Conflict: Detail the event and its historical context

C. Equal Number of Warriors: Explain the unique aspect of an even match

D. Claim of Victory: Discuss how both Sparta and Argos claimed victory

III. The Symbolic Significance of the Conflict

A. The Parallel between War and Sports: Analyze how prearranged contests mirrored actual battles

B. Psychological Impact: Explore the psychological aspects of participating in war-like sports

C. Honor and Glory: Discuss the importance of honor and glory in ancient Greek society

D. Symbolism: Elaborate on the symbolic representation of the conflict

IV. Conclusion: The Profound Link between War and Sports

A. Recap the connection between war and sports in ancient Greece

B. Emphasize the significance of the Sparta vs. Argos conflict as an exemplification of this link.
Paragraph 4:
I. Popular combat-based Greek athletics:

A. Races

B. Wrestling

C. Fencing

D. Jousting

E. Archery

F. Spear throwing

G. Discus

H. Boxing

II. Boxing in Greece and Rome:

A. Leather knuckles for protection and increased impact

B. Roman adoption of Greek-style boxing

C. Roman-style boxing with heavier gloves containing iron and lead

D. Fatal outcomes of matches due to the use of lethal gloves

III. Pankration: A brutal Greek sport

A. Unarmed fights between two men

B. Minimal rules and restrictions

C. Occasional deaths resulting from pankration bouts
Paragraph 5:
I. Not all ancient Greek city-states participated in bloodier combat-based sports

A. Legendary Greek generals, including Alexander the Great, discouraged soldiers' participation in popular games

B. Sparta discouraged boxing and pankration in favor of more military-focused sports

II. Spartan sports focused on military efficacy and training

A. Team-based combative contests involving pushing opponents into water

B. Team sports centered on a ball, unique to Spartan culture

III. Michael B. Poliakoff's argument on the purpose of Sparta's sports

A. Sparta's team sports aimed at providing military training and corporate activity resembling battle squadrons.

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Paragraph 3
Main idea: Sport of the Greeks and Romans
A. outstanding features:
+ Sports are not used for training during war.
+ But the elements are all foreshadowing the act of war.
B. wars are like pre-arranged sports competitions:
+ be equipped with weapons and participate in hand-to-hand combat.
+an example of a war very similar to the Greek game is the prearranged conflict between Sparta and Argos in 546 BC.
Paragraph 4
Main idea:
The sport is popular in both countries.
A. Common characteristics of the sports in both countries are fighting style:
+ racing, wrestling, fencing, horseback riding, archery, spear throwing, discus throwing and boxing.
The favorite sport of both countries is boxing but the form is different:
+Greece
Wear leather on their knuckles to protect their fingers and increase the impact of blows on opponents
+ Roman
Wearing heavier gloves sewn with iron and lead can kill the player
Paragraph 5
Main idea: Team sports have the primary purpose of military training.
+prevent and prohibit bloody contests.
+ promote military efficiency.
+ Regularly organize team competitions.

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P3. Elements of sport mimic Greek and Roman war behavior.
A. Wars are like sports competitions:
a. Includes wealthy privileged citizens who are capable of arming themselves.
b. They have the right to participate in both wars and games, fighting one-on-one until one side wins.
B. Examples of game-like warfare:
a) War in Greece between Sparta and Argos in 546 BCE.

P4. Popular sports in Greek are personal and based on combat.
A. Many personal sports:
a. Includes wrestling, fencing, horseback riding,... (individual sports).
b. Boxing was especially popular in Rome and Rome.
B. Based on combat:
a. Competitors rely on attacks on the opponent to win.
b. The battle ends when one side gives in, is defeated or killed.
c. Some sports have no rules, which can lead to death such as pankration.

P5. It's not just bloody sports
A. Some Greek city-states do not engage in bloody sports:
a. Alexander the Great prevented or forbade soldiers from participating in these bloody games.
b. Sparta discouraged boxing and pankration.
B. Games that promote military effectiveness and teamwork are encouraged:
a. Sparta regularly hosts team games such as team sports centered on the ball.
b. Team sports have the basic purpose of military training.

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Paragraph 3

Ancient Greek and Roman sports mirrored warlike behavior

A. Wars in Greece resembled prearranged athletic contests

a. Participation in both wars and games earned citizens social status

b. Battles often involed hand to hand combat

B. The war game is the prearranged conflict between Sparta and Agors in 546 BCE

a. Three hundred warriors from each side were sent to fight each other

b. The outcome of the conflict led to both sides claiming victory

Paragraph 4

The most popular Greek and Roman athletics were often individualistic and combat based

A. Greek athletics featured individualistic and combat-based sports such as races, wrestling, fencing, jousting, archery, spear throwing, discus, and boxing.

a. Greek boxers wore knuckle protection to enhance the impact of their hits.

B. Romans, especially Emperor Augustus, enjoyed boxing, both in Greek and Roman styles.

a. Roman-style boxing involved heavier gloves with iron and lead sewn in, often resulting in fatal outcomes.

Paragraph 5

Not all ancient Greek city-states participated in the bloodiest of the traditional athletic sports. Legendary Greek generals, including Alexander the Great, discouraged or even forbade soldiers from taking part in popular games.

A. Not all Greek city-states engaged in traditional athletic sports.

a. Legendary Greek generals like Alexander the Great discouraged or forbade their soldiers from participating in popular games.

B. Sparta, known for its militaristic culture, discouraged boxing and pankration

a.  Instead, Sparta promoted team-based combative contests where young men fought until one team pushed the other into the water.

b.  Spartans also played unique team sports involving a ball, which were uncommon in ancient Greek and Roman cultures.

c.  Michael B. Poliakoff's argument in his book is that such team sports were useful for war preparation, involving corporate activities similar to a battle squadron.

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Paragraph 3: The sports and warfare practices in ancient Greece and Rome shared similarities, with elements of sports resembling warlike behavior.

I. Sports and War in Ancient Greece and Rome
1.   Neither Used for Wartime Training

2.   Mimicking Warlike Behavior in Sports

II. Wars as Athletic Contests in Greece
1.   Heavily Armed Opposing Armies

2.   Privileged Citizen Soldiers

3.   Status for Participation in Wars and Games

4.   Hand-to-Hand Combat

5.   Example: Sparta vs. Argos in 546 BCE

• Equal Number of Warriors

• Claimed Victory by Both Sides

Paragraph 4: Greek and Roman athletics

I. Most Popular Greek Athletics
1.      Races

2.      Wrestling

3.      Fencing

4.      Jousting

5.      Archery

6.      Spear throwing

7.      Discus

8.      Boxing

II. Boxing in Greece
1.      Leather knuckles for hand protection

2.      Enhanced striking power.

III. Boxing in Rome
1.      Emperor Augustus's favor

2.      Greek-style vs. Roman-style boxing

3.      Heavier gloves with iron and lead

4.      Deadly outcomes in bouts

IV. Pankration
1.      Greek sport

2.      Unarmed fight between two men

3.      Scarcely any rules

4.      Occasional fatalities

Paragraph 5: The differences in ancient Greek city-states' participation in traditional athletic sports and how some, like Sparta, focused on team-based combat sports for military training.

I. Greek City-States and Traditional Athletic Sports
1. Not All City-States Participated
• Legendary Greek Generals' Views
• Alexander the Great
2. Sparta's Unique Approach

II. Sparta's Disapproval of Certain Sports
1. Discouragement of Boxing and Pankration
2. Focus on Games Promoting Military Efficiency

III. Spartan Team-Based Combative Contests
1. Young Men's Participation
2. Objective: Push Opposing Team into Water
3. Unique Team Sports with a Ball

IV. Uniqueness of Spartan Sports
1. Only Occurrence of Ball-Oriented Games
• Michael B. Poliakoff's Perspective
• Purpose of Sparta's Team Sports

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Paragraph 3
Main idea: The sports themselves had warlike behavior/war
A. Wars resembled prearranged athletic contests in Greece.
a. Heavily armed
b. Privileged citizens=wealthy enough to arm themselves.
c. E.g., conflict between Sparta and Argos
B. Citizens can participation in both wars and games.
a. Often fought hand-to-hand until win.

Paragraph 4
Main idea: Athletics individualistic and combat-based
A. Boxing.
a. two competitors fighting until one boxer either ceded=was knocked out.
B. Armor to increase protection and attack.
a. Greece boxers wore leather on their knuckles.
b. á la modern brass knuckles.
c. The Roman boxers wore heavier gloves make by iron and lead.

C. Pankration sport rougher= occasionally led to death.
a. An unarmed fight.
b. Scarcely any rules.

Paragraph 5
Main idea: Strategy games were encouraged.
A. Team-based combative contests
a. Push S.O into the water to win.
b. Sport that centered on a ball.
c. E.g., the purpose of tactical sport in book "Combat Sports in the Ancient World".

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Paragraph 3:
Main idea: The militaristic aspects of ancient Greek and Roman sports.
A. War in Greece resembled prearranged athletic contests:
a. Opposing armies made up of privileged citizens.
b. Citizens earned status for partycipation in both wars and games.
c. Example of the prearranged conflict between Sparta and Argons in 546 BCE.
Paragraph 4:
Main idea: Popular individualistic and combat-based sports in Greece and Rome.
A. List popular Greek athletic activities:
a. Races, wrestling, fencing, jousting, archery, spear throwing, discus, and boxing.
b. The Romans similitary enjoyed boxing.
B. Greek boxers' protective meansures and Roman-style boxing:
a. Greek boxers wore leather on their knuckles.
b. Romans held both Greek-style and Roman-style boxing matches.
c. Iron and lead in gloves often concluded the death of player of Roman-style
Paragraph 5:
Main idea: Not all Greek city-states participated in the bloodiest athletic sports.
A. Legendary Greek general and Spartans (the most militaristic state in ancient Greece):
a. Including Alexander  the Great, discouraged or even forbade soldiers from taking part in popular games.
b. Sparta discouraged boxing and pankration , encouragement of games with higher military efficacy.
c. Spartans' team-based combative contests and ball-oriented games.

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Paragraph 3

Main idea: How do Greek and Roman view their sports?
A. Charactertistic of their sports

Don't use sports for wartime training

Warlike gestures are found in both athletic games

B. Wars resemble prearranged athletic contests

Heavily armed, fight hand-to-hand,..

Conflict between Sparta and Argos is an example

Paragraph 4
Main idea: Bloodiest of the traditonal athletic sports
1. Greece

Wear leather on their knuckles to protect their own and increase the effects of their hits on the opponent

2. Roman

Wear heavier gloves which are sewn by iron and lead, can end in a player's death

Paragraph 5
Main idea: Teamwork is also promoted in contests

Games that promote even more military efficacy is encouraged

Spartans hold many games that need teamwork such as: pushing in the island, ball-oriented games,...

Sparta's team sports had the underlying purpose of offering military training

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Võ Trần Nhật Linh
Paragraph 3

A.  Rules of the sports:

I. Similar:

The Greeks and Romans did not use games to train for war but did imitate  the behavior of war in the two cultures.

II. Different:

1. Roman:

- Citizens have the right to participate in the game of war.

- The war will end if the other side cedes victory.

2. Greek:

- Prearranged conflict between Sparta and Argos.

- An equal number of warriors - three hundred on each side were sent to fight each other.

- Both sides declared victory.

Paragraph 4

B.     Popular sports

1.Roman

- The most popular is boxing.

- Two opponent fights until one fighter gives in or is knocked down.

- Boxers had to wear heavier iron and lead gloves sewn into the gloves.

2. Greek:

- Greece's most popular athletics and personal.

-   Boxing is also popular.

-   Boxers wore leather on their knuckles to protect their hands and increase the impact of blows on their opponents (a modern type of brass knuckles).

-    Pankration is an unarmed fight between two men and there are hardly any rules and it results in death.

Paragraph 5:

C. Sports are encouraged to participate:

1. Sports:

-   The Spartans regularly held team competitions.

-    Play team sports that focus on a ball.

2. Benefit:

The game is completely useful for war because it includes collective action like that of an army.

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Paragraph 3:
Main idea: War like behavior appear in sports of the Greeks and the Romans
A. War and sports often fight until one side ceded victory
a. Example about conflict between Sparta and Argos in 546 BCE
Paragraph 4:
Main idea: Big part of Greek athleties bring presonalism and combat-based
A. Boxing, spear throwing and so on.
a. Boxing is a favored sport of the Emperor Augustus and the Romans
1. Often concluded with the death of a player
B. An unarmed fight, with scarcely any rules
Paragraph 5
Main idea: The bloodiest of the traditional athletics sports don't appear at all ancient Geek city
A. Sparta is state in ancient  Greece
a. Discouraged boxing and pankration
b. Encouraging sports relate a battle squadror
c. Often concluded until one of teams pushed the other into the water
B. Purpose of offering military training.

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Reading: Athletics In Classical Times

Paragraph 3:

Main idea: Similarities of war and sport in Greece

A. Heavily armed and privileged citizens

a. They have weapons and a lot of money to buy weapons themselves

B. Citizens are eligible to participate in games and wars

a. They punched each other hand-to-hand until their opponents were no longer able to fight.

b. Example about Sparta and Argos in 546 BCE

Paragraph 4:

Main idea: The popular athletics in Greece are individual and combat

A. Races, wrestling, fencing, jousting, archery, spear throwing, discus, and boxing

a. Boxing is popular in Rome and a favored sport of the Emperor Augustus

B. Two styles of boxing in Greece and Rome

a. Boxers in Greece wore leather on their knuckles to protect their own hands

b. The heavier gloves have iron and lead, concluding with the death of a player

Paragraph 5:

Main idea: Game that emphasizes the military in many Greek states.

A. Spartans regularly held team-based combative contests in which groups

a. The group fought each other on an island until one of the teams pushed the other into the water.

b. Spartans also played team sports that centered on a ball.

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Reading: Athletics in Classical Times

Paragraph 3:
Main idea: ....
A. Major supporting details:
a. Minor details:
b. Minor details:
B.  Major supporting details:
a. Minor details:
b. Minor details:
Paragraph 4:
Main idea: ....
A. Major supporting details:
a. Minor details:
b. Minor details:
B.  Major supporting details:
a. Minor details:
b. Minor details:
Paragraph 5:
Main idea: ....
A. Major supporting details:
a. Minor details:
b. Minor details:
B.  Major supporting details:
a. Minor details:
b. Minor details:

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Each student makes an outline for three paragraphs (3,4,5) in the reading "Athletics in Classical Times". Create a post and write directly like the example.
Deadline: 11pm - 08/09/23

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Reading: Athletics in Classical Times

Paragraph 3:
Main idea: Both cultures had elements of sports mirroring warfare, with combat and status intertwined
A. Major supporting details: thletic contests in Greece
a. Minor details: citizens wealthy enough to arm themselves
b. Minor details: often fought hand-to-hand until one side ceded victory
c. Minor details: an example of a war that was very much like a Greek game is the prearranged confl ict between Sparta and Argos in 546 BCE
Paragraph 4:
Main idea: Popular individualistic and combat-based sports were common in both Greek and Roman societies.
A. Major supporting details: popular Greek athletic included races, wrestling, fencing, jousting, archery, spear throwing, discus, and boxing
a. Minor details: Many of these sports were also popular in Rome, The Romans similarly enjoyed boxing.
B. Major supporting details: both Greek-style boxing matches and Roman-style
a. Minor details: Boxers in Greece wore leather on their knuckles to protect their own hands and increase the effect of their hits on the opponent, modern brass knuckles.
b. Minor details: the boxers wore heavier gloves, iron and lead were sewn into the gloves
c. Minor details:unsurprisingly, bouts often concluded with the death of a player.
Paragraph 5:
Main idea: Some Greek city-states discouraged bloodier sports, favoring military-focused games.
A. Major supporting details: Legendary Greek generals, including Alexander the Great, discouraged or even forbade soldiers from taking part in popular games
a. Minor details: Sparta, the most militaristic state in ancient Greece, discouraged boxing and pankration. Instead, games that promoted even more military efficacy were encouraged
b. Minor details: Spartans regularly held team-based combative contests in which groups of young men fought each other on an island until one of the teams pushed the other into the water.
c. Minor details: These Spartan sports are the only known occurrence of ball-oriented games in either ancient Greek or Roman cultures.