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The Han Dynasty of China conquered Nam Việt (ancient Vietnam), beginning nearly 1,000 years of Chinese rule. During this period, Chinese culture, language, and political systems greatly influenced Vietnamese society. The Vietnamese people adopted many Chinese customs while maintaining their own distinct identity.

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Rebellion led by the Trung sisters against the Han dynasty 40 CE - 43 CE. Many victories on the countryside leading to the entry of general Ma Yuan to quell the rebellion. Eventually the sisters were captured and beheaded. They are still celebrated for their sacrifice and courage today.

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Ngô Quyền defeated the Southern Han forces at the Battle of Bạch Đằng River, marking the end of Chinese domination. This victory led to the establishment of an independent Vietnamese state and began the era of Vietnamese autonomy.

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French forces attacked Da Nang, beginning their colonization of Vietnam. This marked the start of French Indochina, as France sought to expand its empire in Southeast Asia. The invasion would eventually lead to nearly 100 years of French colonial rule.

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France formally established French Indochina, combining Vietnam (split into Tonkin, Annam, and Cochinchina), Cambodia, and later Laos into a single administrative unit. This period saw significant changes in Vietnamese society, including the introduction of Western education and infrastructure.

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During World War II, Japan occupied Vietnam while allowing the French colonial administration to continue functioning. This 'double occupation' created severe hardships for the Vietnamese people, including a devastating famine in 1945.

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September 2, 1945: Declaration of Independence

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September 2, 1945: Declaration of Independence

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Ho Chi Minh declared Vietnam's independence following Japan's surrender in World War II, establishing the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. However, France would soon return to reclaim its colonial territory, leading to the First Indochina War.

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The Vietnamese forces, led by General Vo Nguyen Giap, defeated the French at the Battle of Dien Bien Phu. This decisive victory led to the Geneva Accords, temporarily dividing Vietnam at the 17th parallel into North and South Vietnam.

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The United States began directly supporting South Vietnam, sending military advisors and aid to prevent communist North Vietnam from unifying the country. This marked the beginning of increasing American involvement in Vietnam.

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The controversial Gulf of Tonkin incident led to the passage of the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, giving President Johnson broad war powers and dramatically escalating U.S. military involvement in Vietnam.

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The Paris Peace Accords were signed, leading to American withdrawal from Vietnam. This agreement called for a cease-fire and allowed the U.S. to pull out its remaining troops, though fighting between North and South Vietnam continued.

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North Vietnamese forces captured Saigon, the capital of South Vietnam, marking the end of the Vietnam War. The country was reunified as the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, beginning a new chapter in Vietnamese history.