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In 1791, a French doctor named Joseph-Ignace Guillotin proposed the machine be used in France, as a more humane method of capital punishment.

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kept the nation afloat by taking out foreign loans. He achieved widespread popularity by making royal finances public and became so well-loved that his dismissal on 11 July 1789 was a major catalyst for the Storming of the Bastille.

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assassinated revolutionary and Jacobin leader Jean-Paul Marat

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he became the first president of the Committee of Public Safety, the executive body of the revolutionary government.

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briefly presided over the influential Jacobin Club, a political club based in Paris. He also served as president of the National Convention and on the Committee of Public Safety.

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aggressively denounced many members of the more moderate faction, the Girodins

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Her rejection of reform and resistance to the French Revolution contributed to the monarchy's overthrow in 1792.

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adopted a pro-reform stance. But the King was indecisive and reluctant to ratify the texts proclaiming the abolition of privileges and the Declaration of the Rights of Man

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A rapidly growing population had outpaced the food supply

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emphasized the rights of common men as opposed to the exclusive rights of the elites

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composed of three estates – the clergy, nobility and commoners

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focused on taking power away from the nobles and religious freedom away from the Protestants.

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At the beginning of the eighteenth century, France had 20 million people living within its borders