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Key Terms:
Hierarchy: A structure in which some individuals and groups enjoy more rights, privileges, and protections/rights than other people

Equality: Same rights, privileges, and protections both by law and in practice

Key Figures:

Martin Luther King → Led the civil rights movement (self-explanatory)

METCO → Jump-started desegregation in Boston (not without its backlash of anti-bussing movements)

Louise Day Hicks → Congressperson during the anti-bussing movements, extremely anti desegregation

Ruth Batson → Lived in occupied housing project, was not satisfied with the level of education black children received, became the chairperson for a sub-committee / public school committee

Key Events:

1850 → A five-year-old African-American girl named Sarah Roberts was enrolled in an underfunded all-black school that was far from her home. Her dad attempted to enroll her in the closer, all-white school, but she was denied based on her race

1851 → Us congress passed the Indian appropriation act

Effectively made Native Americans wards of the US government and paved the way for other laws that granted the federal government increased power over the land and lives of Indigenous peoples

1851 → US Congress passed the Indian appropriation act (reservation system), gov forced native people to move and live on reservations

1879 → Creation of Indigenous Boarding schools

1871 → Indigenous people no longer members of sovereign nations. Gov insisted make right on treaties in existence before 1871 and practice  would end

1896 → US Supreme Court

Plessy v. Ferguson creates “Separate but equal” as law and cites

Roberts v. City of Boston as a precedent.

1954 → Brown vs board

Couldn't enroll daughter in school, State-sanctioned segregation of public schools was a violation of the 14th amendment and was therefore unconstitutional

1892 → Plessy vs Furgeson

Separate but equal

Civil disobedience

1963 May 7 → Young protestors snuck around Connor’s men and made their way downtown, staging a mass sidewalk sit-in.

1966 → METCO founded

Civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s

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INDIVIDUAL MEANINGS
Equality -> The state of being equal, especially in status, rights, and opportunities.
Hierarchy -> A system or organization in which people or groups are ranked one above the other according to status or authority.

COLLECTIVE
** Inequality should increase as a hierarchy grows
Marginalized →  people who are pushed to the periphery of power hierarchies and therefore lack certain privileges.
Hierarchy → separates based on status.
Equality → places everyone on the same level no matter what your status is.
Agency → the ability, means and opportunity to act on one's behalf.

IMPORTANT EVENTS:
Plessy v. Ferguson -- 1896, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that racially separate facilities, if equal, did not violate the Constitution.
Indigenous Boarding Schools
METCO
Brown V. Board of Ed
De Facto V. De Jure -- de facto: a legal concept used to refer to what happens in reality or in practice, as opposed to de jure: which refers to what is actually notated in legal code.

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Purpose of foreign policy:

Maintain a countries position in the int’l community

Maintain strong ties with allies

Advance a nation's interest (wanting to grow economically, wanting to keep peace)

Foreign policy could exist in many ways:

Diplomacy

Trade

Treaties

Humanitarian intervention

Engaging in wars

Sanctions

Supporting regime take over and/ or removal of heads of state

American Exceptionalism

the idea that America thinks they are superior and better than every other country. This can lead to the US having a skewed idea about how other countries think about them.

this belief can sometimes hurt us more than help. unable to read situations correctly and see them clearly

EX: like in this case we tried to help free Iraq from the Saddam Hussein but Iraq did not want our help and we got ourselves into a bloody war

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1. Include key events, key figures, movements, and connections across units

the founding period

Key figures:

the constitution

The founding fathers (John Adams, George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Alexander Hamilton, etc.)

Time Period (1774-1797)

Important Dates:

The declaration of independence was signed 1776

Slavery and the Secession

Key Figures:

Abraham Lincoln

Abolitionists such as Harriet Tubman and Frederick Douglas

Time Period 1492- December 6th, 1865

Vocabulary

Dictatorship

Democracy

Federalism

Act

Authority

Abolitionist

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Key Events:
- War of Afghanistan
- War of Iraq
- War on Terror, 9/11
- The US pulling their troops from Afghanistan
- The Dakota Access pipeline
Key Terms:
- American Exceptionalism
- The Axis of Evil
- Spreading Democracy
- Terrorism
- Treaty
- reservation
Key Figures:
- George W. Bush
- Barrack Obama
- Donald Trump
- Osama Bin Laden
- The Taliban
- The sioux (sioux of standing rock)
FoPo Tools:
- Treaties
- Alliances
- Trade Policy
- Humanitarian Intervention
- Diplomacy
- Intervention
- Sanctions
- Federal court/Supreme court

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Movements: Womens rights, civil rights, and rights movements for other minorities

Cases:

Griswold v. Connecticut (June 1965) ...

Loving v. Virginia (June 1967) ...

8 of the Largest Tools in the World.

Roe v. Wade (January 1973) ...

Lawrence v. Texas (June 2003) ...

Obergefell v. Hodges (June 2015) ...

8 Landmark Supreme Court Cases That Were Overturned.

Policies: 14th amendment, Roe v Wade, 19th amendment, and more

Amendments: 14th and 19th

Key figures:
Alice Paul
- led a generation of suffrages
- Created National Womens

Role of Govt: people were protesting against them, the gov was pressured to create change

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Goal: Was aimed at reorganizing the Southern states after the Civil War, adding them back into the Union, and defining the means by which whites and blacks could live together in a non-slave society.

Movements:

Nov 19: Gettysburg Address.

Nov: Union presidential election.

Nov - Dec: Sherman captures Atlanta, March to the Sea.

Apr 9: Surrender at Appomattox.

Apr 14: Assassination of Lincoln.

Dec 6: Thirteenth Amendment ratified.

Mar: Congress passes Reconstruction Act.

Cases: There were a lot mainly surrounding slavery and the abolishment of it

Policies: Upholding the new amendments and what they stood for.

Amendments: Thirteenth Amendment outlawed slavery. Fourteenth Amendment guaranteed equal rights for all and citizenship for blacks. Fifteenth Amendment prevented race from being used to disfranchise men.

Role of gov: Uphold the new amendments; therefore, end slavery, allow all Americans to coexist, and protect the rights of the newly freed slaves.

Key Terms:
whitewashing --> white people purposefully covering up facts about history for their own benefit
Healing V. Justice
History V. Memory
Identity factors shape experiences
Federal governments play in individual states

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Movements: Fugitive slave act, Kansas Nebraska act, Secession of southern half of US

Cases: Dred Scott 1857,

Policies: POC freedom, right to marry who you want, Rights for POC, POC citizenship

Amendments: 1865 13th, 1868 14th, 1870 15th,

Role of gov: Role POC have in society

Timeline:
1619: introduction of slavery to colonies
1803: Louisiana purchase
1820: missouri crisis
1830: Temperance movement
1831-44: "gag rule" in congress
1831: nat turners rebellion
1850 compromise and fugitive slave act
1854: Kansas-Nebraska act
1856: caning of sumner
1857: Dred scott case
1860s: withdrawal from US
1865: 13th amendment ratified: abolishes slavery
1967: Federal Law overturning endogamy (allowing marriage between different social classes)
1868: 14th amendment: Born in US=citizen=equal rights
1870: fifteenth amendment: POC right to vote
2000: Alabama repealing law against intermarriage

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Movements: There are constantly new movements to add new amendments to the constitution.

Cases: Marbury v. Madison.

Policies: Popular sovereignty, limited government, separation of powers, federalism, checks and balances, republicanism, and individual rights.

Amendments: 12 Amendments were added at the introduction of the Constitution.

Role of gov: Federalists vs. Anti-federalists.

Key Events:
1492: Columbus "discovered" American
1619: First African slaves arrived in Virginia
1676: Bacon's rebellion --> armed rebellion for 10 years by Virginia settlers and slaves against rich folks
1775-1783: American Revolution
1783: Great Britain and America signed Treaty of Paris, ended Revolutionary war and recognized America as it's own country
1776: Declaration of independence signed