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Phonemic awareness is the ability to hear, identify, and manipulate individual sounds (phonemes) in spoken words. It is an essential pre-reading skill that lays the foundation for decoding and word recognition.

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Comprehension is the ability to understand and interpret what is read.

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Sound Matching Game
Students listen to words and identify ones that begin with the same sound.
Differentiation: Use picture cards for visual support; allow students with speech or auditory processing issues to use assistive technology or respond nonverbally to point or signal.

Token Boxes
Students use tokens to segment and count sounds in words by placing a token in each box for each phoneme heard.
Differentiation: For students with motor delays, provide pre-placed tokens or use a digital version; adjust word complexity based on student readiness.

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I Spy with Sounds
Play a version of "I Spy" focusing on beginning or ending sounds I spy something that starts with /b/.
This activity helps all children attend to the sounds in words in a low-pressure environment and can be adapted with visual clues for learners with speech or auditory processing differences.

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Phonics is the idea that letters represent the sounds of spoken language.

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Word Building with Letter Tiles

Students create words by manipulating letter tiles to match spoken sounds.
Differentiation: Provide color-coded consonants and vowels; offer limited choices or use magnetic letters for ease of handling.

Phonics Relay Races
Students race to match words to pictures based on phonics patterns.
Differentiation: Allow extra time or provide partner support, modify word lists for emerging readers or students with learning disabilities.

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Website: www.starfall.com

Starfall
Starfall offers interactive phonemic awareness games that are engaging and multisensory. It supports learners with and without exceptionalities through audio-visual scaffolding and simple navigation.

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Website: www.readingrockets.org

Reading Rockets
Offers phonics activities, videos, and tips for families. The clear explanations and visual aids support parents and children, including those with dyslexia or other learning differences.

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vocabulary is the knowledge of word meaning.

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Fluency is the ability to read text accurately, quickly, and with proper expression

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Think-Pair-Share
Students think about a question, discuss with a partner, and share with the class.
Differentiation: Use sentence starters and visual cues; allow non-verbal responses or assistive communication for students with speech/language issues.

Story Retelling with Puppets
Students retell a story using props or puppets to sequence events.
Differentiation: Provide visual storyboards; allow group retelling for students with memory or expressive language challenges.

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Word of the Day
Introduce a new word each day with definition, picture, and use in a sentence.
Differentiation: Use visuals and gestures; provide sentence frames for ELLs or students with language delays.

Semantic Mapping
Create a word web with words that are the same and different.
Differentiation: Offer templates; allow oral responses or picture-based maps for students with expressive language challenges.

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Prediction Pause
Parents stop during reading to ask, “What do you think will happen next?” and discuss about it.
This builds comprehension by encouraging active thinking. It supports all learners by fostering engagement and can be scaffolded with visuals or prompts.

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Storybook Word Hunt
While reading, parents help children find and discuss new or interesting words.
This builds vocabulary contextually and can be scaffolded with visuals or simpler explanations for learners with exceptionalities.

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Echo Reading
The teacher reads a passage and students repeat.
Differentiation: Use shorter sentences or repeated readings for students with reading delays; pair with peer buddies for modeling.

Reader’s Theater
Students perform a script, focusing on expression and pace.
Differentiation: Assign roles by reading level; provide scripts with visuals or highlighted cues for students who need extra support.

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website: https://kids.scholastic.com/kid/home/

Features age-appropriate books and vocabulary games. Its interactive design and text-to-speech options support a wide range of learners.

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WEBSITE: pbskids.org

Offers interactive strategies for comprehension like visualizing and inferring. It’s engaging for young readers and accessible to those with learning differences due to its simple layout and multimedia options.

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Timed Re-Reads
Children re-read a favorite short passage daily to build speed and accuracy.
This repeated reading helps develop automaticity and can be customized in length and content for learners with varying abilities.

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website: https://www.readworks.org/

ReadWorks
Provides leveled reading passages with fluency practice. It offers audio support and comprehension questions, making it inclusive for students with and without exceptionalities.

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Sound Hunt
Ask children to find objects at home that begin with a specific sound (e.g., /s/ for spoon).
This real-world connection makes phonics engaging and accessible. It supports learners with exceptionalities by using tactile and visual input to reinforce sound-letter associations.