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URL: https://www.tiktok.com/@pringsalinas/photo/7331688056002481414

TITLE: Mindanao/Davao Region needs your help!

AUTHOR: @pingsalinas

DATE PUBLISHED: February 4, 2024

KEY INFO: By failing to segregate waste and poor maintenance of sewage systems like canals, etc. We are condemned to experience these phenomena like national roads not being passable due to flood, evacuation centers getting flooded, failing to learn that we must segregate and recycle waste, and planting and creating more green spots to mitigate the effects of flooding in Mindanao.

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URL: https://www.sunstar.com.ph/amp/story/davao/local-news/drainage-struggles?fbclid=IwAR2CKS1Si7f_nT1XNUvrV8y6khbAOYWdmX76Au5hU-wbNO82MP3Ha9w4lB0

TITLE: Drainage struggles

AUTHOR: Ralph Lawrence G. Llemit

DATE PUBLISHED: June 20, 2019

KEY INFO: Office of the City Building Official (OCBO) head Cirinia Grace Catubig said in a previous report that Davao City's current drainage system is inefficient enough to hold the water brought by the rains.

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THE Davao City Engineer's Office (CEO) is now looking into the city's drainage system after noticing almost all areas in the city are experiencing high rise floods.

CEO head Joseph Felizarta said Thursday, June 20, that despite the city's effort of improving and rehabilitating its canals, it cannot totally keep up with the large volume of water especially during rainy season.

"Amo kanang i-check if na-tap jud siya. Amo ginasubay ron ang drainage line kung unsa ang cause sa baha (We are going to check if it is properly implemented. We are now tracing the drainage line to see what causes the floods)," Felizarta told reporters during the iSpeak media forum at the City Hall of Davao.

He also said they are in constant communication with the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH)-Davao and Ancillary Services Unit (ASU) in addressing the problem.

He admitted, however, that they are having a hard time in implementing rehabilitations since not all projects are covered by the CEO.

In the downtown area, such as J.P. Laurel Avenue, an identified flood-prone area is covered by DPWH.

The CEO chief said his office continuously upgrades the city's canals, although he admitted that not all areas could be kept up considering the city's geographical location, which is below sea level.

Office of the City Building Official (Ocbo) head Cirinia Grace Catubig said in a previous report that the city's current drainage system is not efficient enough to hold the volume of water brought by the rains.

Felizarta, meanwhile, said constant cleanup in canals is as important to preventing floods from occurring.

"Disiplina gihapon sa tawo na di pataka labay ang kinahanglan aron mu-subside or malikayan ang baha (People's discipline in disposing garbage is still needed to avoid floods from happening)," he said.

He also said canals in some barangays are now being recommended to undergo major rehabilitation.

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THE Davao City Engineer's Office (CEO) is now looking into the city's drainage system after noticing almost all areas in the city are experiencing high rise flo

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URL: https://www.philstar.com/nation/2023/09/25/2298752/mmda-clogged-drains-caused-edsa-flood

TITLE: MMDA: Clogged drains caused EDSA flood

AUTHOR: Mark Ernest Villeza

DATE PUBLISHED: September 25, 2023

KEY INFO: Due to multiple factors, such as improper waste disposal, significant volumes of rainwater, and the modest capacity of the drainage systems in Manila, floods have been a constant concern. The article stated that the Infrastructure Committee of the Management Association of the Philippines proposed the construction of large-diameter underground drainage tunnels to mitigate the problem. Similarly, Davao City struggles with the same issues but lacks the primary initiative to improve the canal infrastructure.

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URL: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/may/24/plastic-waste-puts-millions-of-worlds-poorest-at-higher-risk-from-floods

TITLE: Plastic waste puts millions of the world's poorest at higher risk from floods

AUTHOR: Karen McVeigh

DATE PUBLISHED: May 24, 2023

KEY INFO: The article discussed how plastic pollution in slums, particularly in third-world countries, has made flooding more severe by blocking drainage systems. This is connected to our problem in Davao City because we are prone to water-related natural disasters like typhoons; however, we lack the proper infrastructure and enforcement to mitigate the effects of these calamities.

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A devastating 2005 flood that killed 1,000 people in the Indian city of Mumbai was blamed on a tragically simple problem: plastic bags had blocked storm drains, stopping monsoon flood water from draining out of the city.

Now a new report, attempting to quantify this problem, estimates that 218 million of the world's poorest people are at risk from more severe and frequent flooding caused by plastic waste.

The number is equivalent to the population of the UK, France and Germany combined. About 41 million of those are children, older people and people with disabilities, the report found. Three-quarters of those most at risk live in south-east Asia and the Pacific region.

Researchers from Resource Futures, an environmental consultancy, and Tearfund, an international Christian charity, found that communities in Cameroon, Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Ghana, Bangladesh and Indonesia had experienced more severe flooding due to plastic waste blocking drainage systems in the last few years. In these communities, plastic waste was a "risk multiplier" for flooding, they said.

A tide of plastic waste clogs waterways in Sylhet, Bangladesh, after floods last July. Photograph: Future Publishing/Getty Images

To identify those most at risk, they used a study of flood risk and poverty published in 2022 by Jun Rentschler and othersthat identified 1.8 billion people at high risk of flooding in 188 nations. They narrowed their analysis to only low and middle-income countries with inadequate urban drainage, solid waste management and sanitation. To focus on the populations most at risk from plastic exacerbating the flood risk, they also excluded countries with mismanaged waste of less than 1kg for each person a year, and focused on urban slums.

Rich Gower, a senior economist and policy associate at Tearfund, said: "Around the world, from Brazil to the DRC, from Malawi to Bangladesh, we see plastic pollution making floods worse. Without decisive action, this problem is only going to get worse."

Plastic waste pollution has doubled in the last decade, and is predicted to triple by 2060. Only 9% is recycled globally.

Gower said: "The aim of the report is to give an order of magnitude to the number of people at risk. What we are saying is that plastic pollution affects the poorest, most marginalised communities the most. We've seen it with plastic burning, and we are now seeing it with flood risk. These communities bear the brunt of plastic pollution."

A drainage canal pictured last summer in Lagos, Nigeria, tells the story of global plastic pollution. Photograph: Pius Utomi Ekpei/AFP/Getty Images

The authors stressed the limitations of the estimate. It was based on the best available data, they said, admitting that "detailed data on impacts of plastic-aggravated flooding is not available". Neither, they said, was there sufficient modelling of the links between plastic pollution, flooding and health. But they had applied "multiple conservative assumptions and sense-checks", and considered the estimate "realistic and conservative", they said.

Gower urged governments, which will come together in Paris next week to begin negotiations on a legally binding plastics treaty, to consider these worst-affected communities. "Through the plastics treaty, world leaders have a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to end this crisis by driving down plastic production and making sure the rest is safely collected and recycled," he said.

Brendan Cooper, a consultant at Resource Futures, said they used the Rentschler flood-risk study as a starting point. "We then broke that down to those more in line with plastic-aggravated flooding," said Cooper. "We found urban areas have high levels of mismanaged waste."

While the figures were estimated, he said, they were a "conservative" estimate.

Densely populated slums in south Asia, east Asia and Pacific and sub-Saharan Africa were likely to be experiencing the worst effects of plastic-aggravated flooding due to rapid, poorly planned development, with limited flood-mitigation infrastructure, the report found.

It showed that plastic pollution in slums in many low and middle-income countries was making flooding more severe by blocking drainage systems, resulting in health problems, including gastrointestinal diseases such as cholera and diarrhoeal disease.

The researchers excluded coastal communities and small-island developing states from the research, as coastal flooding is unlikely to be aggravated by plastic waste.

More than 1 billion people live in slums globally, and this is expected to reach 3 billion by 2050. The most commonly observed plastic items blocking drainage systems, the report found, were bottles, nylon threads from the fishing industry, plastic bags and sachets.

The study said the accumulation of plastic pollution could cause the water level to rise by one metre within the first hour of a flood.

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Plastic waste puts millions of world's poorest at higher risk from floods

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More than 200 million face more intense and frequent floods due to plastic pollution blocking drainage systems, report finds

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URL: https://m.facebook.com/panabocityPIO/videos/drainage-system-projects-kontra-baha-prayoridad-ni-mayor-joe/721784562674200/

TITLE: Drainage System Projects Kontra Baha, Prayoridad Ni Mayor Joe

AUTHOR: Panabo City Information Office

DATE PUBLISHED: February 2, 2023

KEY INFO: The video segment shows that the mayor of Panabo City has begun infrastructure projects to improve the drainage systems to help manage the flooding issue.

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DRAINAGE SYSTEM PROJECTS KONTRA BAHA, PRAYORIDAD NI MAYOR JOE | WATCH | DRAINAGE SYSTEM PROJECTS KONTRA BAHA, PRAYORIDAD NI MAYOR JOE

#PanaboCity
#FrontlineNews
#ImportanteInformed
#ServicetoPanaboansServicetoGod... | By Panabo City Information OfficeFacebook

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WATCH | DRAINAGE SYSTEM PROJECTS KONTRA BAHA, PRAYORIDAD NI MAYOR JOE

#PanaboCity
#FrontlineNews
#ImportanteInformed
#ServicetoPanaboansServicetoGod...

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URL: https://medium.com/@12escribano2324/escribano-the-state-of-mindanao-drainage-system-a-call-to-action-for-long-term-solutions-4e3bba04d30d

TITLE: Political Deluge In Metro Manila: Flood Control And Municipal Politics Under Authoritarianism

AUTHOR: Gregorio Escribano

DATE PUBLISHED: August 06, 2020

KEY INFO: Although the Philippines obtained its independence from the United States after the Second World War, the residents of Manila and its neighboring towns continued to suffer from destructive floods, as the city's drainage system remained unimproved since 1909. This problem is also evident in Davao City, as most of the city's drainage systems are not well-maintained.

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Water is the most abundant resource, vital in sustaining life. While it brings advantages, it can also pose risks to human existence. These risks arise not only from water scarcity but also from its abundance, leading to natural disasters. Among all these disasters, floods are a highly pervasive and destructive phenomenon, frequently worsened by the lack of drainage systems in the Philippines ( High Ground: Disaster Risk and Resilience in the Philippines, 2018). As urbanization and climate change introduce new factors, the effects resulting from inadequate drainage systems become increasingly apparent. According to the World Risk Report (2023), the Philippines, Indonesia, and India have been ranked the top three most vulnerable countries with the highest risks of natural disasters, such as storms, floods, and earthquakes. In the Philippines, an average of 20 cyclones have affected the country, and flooding has become a major challenge ( United Nations Climate Change, 2023). Flood disruptions are ongoing across central and southern Philippines as of November 22, 2023. Authorities confirmed that floods have affected more than 57,000 people across the Eastern Visayas Region and around 49,000 others across the Western Visayas Region. With only a minimal volume of rain experienced, several houses in Barangay Sta. Monica was already submerged in floodwaters, and since several weather disturbances are expected to cross the country in the coming months, Ginesa Santiago, an affected resident, lamented the lack of drainage on the newly constructed barangay road, further obstructing the water flow ( Crisis24, 2023).

Moreover, Mindanao has recently faced flooding, and inadequate drainage systems have worsened this phenomenon. Many cities remain vulnerable to flooding due to the lack of infrastructure to handle the excess water during the rainy seasons, causing thousands of household communities to face the persistent challenge of increasing water levels that destroy their homes, agricultural areas, and other infrastructure. According to Mayor Sara Duterte-Carpio's radio interview on April 12, 2021, various streets in Davao City were affected areas due to the lack of drainage systems, already existing clogged systems, as well as narrow natural water passages, resulting in the overflow into residential areas that damaged various homes and vehicles ( Llemit, 2021).

Furthermore, as Unson (2023) stated, heavy rains triggered flash floods that surged through low-lying central towns in central Mindanao last September 18, 2023, impacting numerous residents. Montawal in Maguindanao del Sur and Pikit in Cotabato province were among the submerged towns due to the inadequate drainage systems to combat the heavy rain. The reports have indicated that the disaster has impacted 31,265 residents, primarily ethnic Maguindanaons. Hence, the Local Government Units should plant more trees in rural areas, add trench drains on the roadsides, and improve the rainwater harvesting systems to help deal with the drainage system problems around Mindanao when it floods. There should be an emphasis on the vital need to address the lack of efficient drainage systems as a fundamental measure to alleviate the consequences of flooding. It is a shared responsibility that demands immediate attention and unified efforts to secure a more resilient and sustainable future for everyone.

Land Disruption Challenges in Drainage

The installation of drainage systems can potentially raise issues of land disruption, especially in residential or sensitive areas. The construction and installation of drainage systems often involve excavation, grading, and the placement of various components such as pipes, catch basins, and stormwater management features. According to Merrett (2023), large-scale drainage systems require significant land allocation, particularly in urban areas. Constructing and maintaining networks of underground pipes, canals, or reservoirs may restrict land use options, limit green spaces, and affect the aesthetic appeal of neighborhoods. Improperly designed or managed drainage systems can lead to over-drainage, where excessive water is removed from the soil, impacting plant growth and ecosystem health. Overdrainage can lower water tables, reduce groundwater availability, and compromise wetland ecosystems. Canada (2020) states that poor drainage caused by the shape of the landscape or inadequate drainage systems can damage buildings and move soil from where it is needed to where it causes trouble. The effects of poor drainage systems extend beyond single properties and can impact roads and waterways. According to Nichols (2023), drainage is the act of removing water from a site. If done too quickly, drainage causes erosion. If done too slowly, yards and basements are soggy and wet. However, an effective drainage system is designed to facilitate the free flow of water, reducing the likelihood of water accumulation and the risk of flooding on properties. Admin Drain (2023) also states that an effective drainage system allows for the free flow of water. In many situations, it reduces the chances of the water building up and the chances of your property flooding.

The excessive planting of trees near houses raises apprehensions about potential damages during natural calamities, emphasizing the risks of soil deterioration and underground root problems. According to American Climbers (2023), developing root systems can spread over time, potentially damaging utilities, plumbing, and concrete foundations. Limbs that are not a problem today could encroach on your home over time, becoming a damage risk as the tree grows. Planting too many trees in your area can cause instability underneath the surrounding area. The roots can cause considerable damage and spatial constraints in underground facilities, leading to great property damage in the area. Additionally, Munsch (2021) states that tree roots can cause structural damage to your home depending on the proximity and type of tree. Ficus trees, for example, have very aggressive root systems, and even a small ficus tree planted close to a structure could cause foundation damage. Oaks and maples have massive root systems but may cause less damage because their roots generally go around obstructions rather than through them. Additionally, similar types of trees tend to remove specific nutrients from the soil when planted in a given region. Most of the time, potassium, calcium, and magnesium are absorbed by planted trees. This adversely impacts the area's soil health ( McInerney, 2023). In other words, the negative effect of planting trees is that 3 they can absorb the proper nutrients needed for healthy soil. Therefore, if absorbed, the stability of the ground will be lowered, affecting the surrounding soil and the buildings, gardens, and such. However, trees and woods play a vital role in reducing flooding by slowing down the flow of rainwater, absorbing rainwater and reducing erosion. According to Nash (2015), trees do not just prevent flooding in the forest or countryside. Trees also play a significant role in lessening damage from flooding in cities. Implementing a well-structured plan for developing and maintaining trees in rural and urban areas can help communities be protected from certain calamities, such as floods, since trees play a big role in becoming a shield in this type of adversity.

Challenges in Harvesting Rainwater

Lastly, implementing rainwater harvesting systems can be challenging to maintain especially when it comes to spatial limitations, financial capabilities, and health risks. A disadvantage of implementing RWH systems in Mindanao is that the area needed to install conventional water catchment systems is getting more complex as urbanization hastens ( Smart Water, 2023). In rural areas, there is limited space for some house owners' properties, which limits the accommodation of installing an RWH system in their respective areas. Due to spatial limitations, the RWH infrastructure may exhibit low efficiency in water collection. Therefore, it tends to function erroneously and inaccurately in terms of its usability. According to MaxwellGaines (2022), purchasing a rainwater harvesting (RWH) system will undoubtedly cost more upfront than using a centralized distribution system to get water. Since flooding and drainage systems problems are commonly present in rural areas, investing in a rainwater infrastructure can hinder the financial capabilities of the affected communities. Installing rainwater harvesting systems in each home requires a significant investment and financial capacity, especially for those heavily affected by floods during rainy seasons. Aside from the financial aspects of investing in a collection system, one of the disadvantages of the RWH system is that it can result in breeding grounds for various mosquitoes and other water-borne diseases if not appropriately monitored ( Vicharoo, 2021). Storage tanks from the RWH system, if not maintained or regularly checked by the owner, can become a breeding ground for mosquitoes that can later evolve and cause harm to the surrounding community. The effects of this can be severe health risks, and the water stored cannot be reused since it has already been contaminated. Therefore, drinking, using it for cooking, watering plants, and other activities that reuse contaminated water will lead to underlying effects. However, despite the drawbacks of implementing a rainwater harvesting system, it still significantly causes benefits and assistance when it comes to conservation of water resources, practicality, and effectiveness. Adopting rainwater harvesting is socially responsible since it prevents the depletion of natural resources, provides simplicity and cost-effectiveness, and guarantees household water demands are met ( Firstank, 2022). In tropical countries such as the Philippines, it is beneficial to accumulate rainwater as a viable substitute for water shortages since it can aid water conservation in certain areas that lack water.

Tree Planting for Flood Mitigation

Despite the disadvantages stated, the City Government must consider planting more trees in rural areas to help absorb rainwater and lessen the chances of flooding. In 2018, the UN Office for Disaster Risk Reduction reported that 43.4% of floods and 28.2% of storms exceeded all other natural disasters over the past two decades ( Williams et al., 2020). These data call for immediate measures to implement tree planting in rural areas in the country. Planting trees equates to solving flooding and drainage system problems as the soil absorbs rainwater quickly and effectively. This absorbing process is possible because the living and decaying roots of the trees generate an absorbent soil by forming a connected system of microscopic channels in the soil ( Rally for Rivers, 2017). Furthermore, trees intercept rainfall, which slows down the speed at which rain reaches the ground. They use their vast leaves and branches to block the rain. Before it reaches the ground, some accumulated rain on the leaves evaporates into the atmosphere ( Trees for Cities, 2023). Lastly, according to Goodwin (2017), as trees absorb water from the catchment area, this decreases the pressure on the drainage systems in urban areas and the risk of flooding in rural areas due to rainwater collection from agricultural areas and roadways. Overall, the presence of trees in rural areas is crucial as it has effectively mitigated the existing flooding problem.

Trench Drains for Flood Prevention

In addition to that, as one of the issues when floods occur is the lack of redirectory of the standing water accumulated due to the heavy rain, the city government should also add trench drains on the roadsides because they help drain the standing and running water on the roads. The primary purpose of trench drains is to efficiently manage water flow on surfaces prone to pooling or flooding ( Canada, 2023). It is used to direct water away from affected areas, reducing the risk of water damage and accumulation of standing water. The redirected water goes to their designated catch basins, effectively removing excess water and preventing standing water, flooding, and potential structural damage. As pooled water caused by floods has a tendency to seep into and weaken the structure of houses and paved surfaces, trench drains help prevent pooling of water and minimize the damage it could cause. Ho (2023) states that trench drains help prevent flood damage to nearby buildings by preventing water from pooling up in problem areas. Not only that, but because there is less water on the surface, it also reduces the possibility of slip hazards for pedestrians.

Additionally, Blogs (2023) states that trench drains with large openings, as well as the wide mouth of the drain channel, allows for high volumes to pass through without clogging the channel, which in turn helps prevent standing water, odors, and bacteria. Also, stagnant water, which can be accumulated through the stationing of water on the surface after heavy rainfall, is a breeding ground for mosquitoes, bacteria, viruses, 4 and parasites. Installing a trench drain system can help to ensure that you are not accumulating these health hazards by draining that stagnant water ( Swiftdrain, 2023). In other words, trench drains should be added on the roadsides because they provide many benefits in helping prevent flooding and minimizing its damages to the surrounding through the prevention of pooling water.

Enhancing Rainwater Harvesting Systems

Lastly, the city government should improve the rainwater harvesting systems in houses as they help conserve water and reduce the risk of flooding in the area. Harvesting rainwater can be a good practice for water conservation. According to Ertop et al. (2023), water collected through rainwater harvesting can be used for many purposes, such as irrigation of green areas, irrigation for agricultural purposes, washing clothes, toilet reservoirs and flushing, car washing and fire extinguishing. Collecting rainwater can prove useful as it can be used as stock for future purposes. Additionally, rainwater contains more oxygen than tap water which helps plants grow full and lush ( Jones, 2021). This makes harvesting rainwater more beneficial as it can be used for watering your indoor plants, making them healthier. Admin (2023) also states that rainwater harvesting reduces soil erosion, stormwater runoff, flooding, and pollution of surface water with fertilizers, pesticides, metals and other sediments. As it does not require filtration, it is an excellent source of water for landscape irrigation with no chemicals, dissolved salts and free from all minerals. Overall, rainwater can be very useful in a household thus collecting it will not only help conserve water but also be used for other purposes.

Mindanao: Innovate for Flood Resilience

In conclusion, despite the perceived disadvantages of the solutions regarding the drainage system problem in Mindanao, it is suggested that the city government should plant more trees in rural areas, add trench drains on the roadsides, and improve the rainwater harvesting systems. In order to effectively mitigate the current flooding problem and its negative effects on the cities and surrounding areas, this paper encourages the people of Mindanao to work with the LGU to plant more trees in rural areas. Additionally, trench drains on roadside locations should be installed because they have numerous benefits in preventing flooding and minimizing its damages to the surrounding area by preventing water from pooling. Lastly, improving rainwater harvesting systems in homes can help conserve water, have numerous applications, and lower the risk of flooding in the area. Therefore, the goal of this article is not limited to what the general public can do, but also to every small action that each person can take, such as properly disposing of waste and strengthening personal waste management. Hence, the long-term drainage system solution in Mindanao is dependent not only on the arguments made in this paper, but also on the community's willingness to work together and eradicate flooding through innovation and discipline.

Sample Drainage System Construction

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Escribano | The State of Mindanao Drainage System: A Call to Action for Long Term Solutions

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Water is the most abundant resource, vital in sustaining life. While it brings advantages, it can also pose risks to human existence. These risks arise not only from water scarcity but also from its...

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URL: https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=3950622658382229&set=a.1006475166130341

TITLE: Primer on Enhanced Segregation at Source

AUTHOR: EMB Northern Mindanao

DATE PUBLISHED: July 29, 2021

KEY INFO: As the graphic states, "In addition to the basics, such as reading labels placed on the waste container, the implementation of color-coded waste bins for segregation (with examples) is prominently displayed as an important measure for enhanced segregation at source." By creating measures at simplifying recycling and trash segregation by simply color coding the trash bins so that they can be easily identified, thus making a more systematic and efficient way of segregating waste and preventing the waste from being thrown into water bodies and creating clogs, affecting significantly greater floods within their area.

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Log into Facebook to start sharing and connecting with your friends, family, and people you know.

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URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=spouRSPlzCs

TITLE: Snowmelt overwhelms small town sewage system, causes flooding

AUTHOR: Emily Tencer

DATE PUBLISHED: March 31, 2023

KEY INFO: The lack of a sewage system overwhelms the people in Bear River City when water enters their homes and ruins their infrastructure. The Philippines, especially in Mindanao, also experiences rain frequently, and communities that lack well-maintained drainage systems are expected to have more problems when rain occurs.

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8.) Public Service Message/Promotional Video

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8.) Public Service Message/Promotional Video

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URL: https://youtu.be/tr5P3HvfV24?si=0vVEV4W8L4w8BxzN

TITLE: Clogged Canal Advocacy Campaign

AUTHOR: ABM 11 TAYLOR

DATE PUBLISHED: February 06, 2023

KEY INFO: The problem of blocked drains occurs when foreign materials such as plastic, paper, leaves, styrofoam, and such block the drain. In the beginning, the materials are in small amounts. With time, water stops flowing freely as the number of objects increases. This issue is also present in Davao City, mirroring its relevance within our community.

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Clogged Canal Advocacy Campaign | Group 5

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URL: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/18/world/asia/philippines-floods-photos.html

TITLE: 'Within Seconds Everything Was Gone': Devastating Floods Submerge the Philippines

AUTHOR: Jason Gutierrez

DATE PUBLISHED: Nov 18, 2020

KEY INFO: In the magazine article, the writer interviews multiple residents of Cagayan, detailing their struggles amid a disastrous flood caused by a dam break. Similarly, the inadequate canal systems in Davao City cannot contain significant volumes of water, leading to similar calamities. As the writer explains, these floods result from the Philippines' vulnerability to natural disasters and the deteriorating global climate. These factors, along with the inadequate waterway infrastructure in the Philippines, have exacerbated flood risks.

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‘Within Seconds Everything Was Gone’: Devastating Floods Submerge the Philippines (Published 2020)

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Torrential rains and back-to-back typhoons have ripped through the country in the past two weeks, turning a once picturesque river into a sea of murky brown, killing dozens and setting off deadly landslides.

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URL: https://youtu.be/JJV_z7wcpII?si=VVP7paa4N2ltK210

TITLE: Davao City Reports: Agdao Proper Drainage Problem

AUTHOR: Byaheng Do30

DATE PUBLISHED: August 5, 2019

KEY INFO:  The video states that their main problem is the canals overflowing regardless of the weather conditions. According to the residents, there is a lot of trash in the central canal on their street, and it can be challenging to clean because of the accumulated garbage waste.

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Davao City Reports: Agdao Proper Drainage Problem

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URL: https://www.behance.net/gallery/52098993/Infographic-A-way-out-for-wastewater

TITLE: A Way Out For Wastewater

AUTHOR: Diana F. David

DATE PUBLISHED: April 29, 2017

KEY INFO: This infographic includes information on the significance and severity water pollution brings upon communities. It includes how lack of sewage drainage can affect our lives, especially our health, how this issue happens, having more information on matters relating to wastewater, and what the government has done about this issue. This problem is relevant, especially in Davao City, where frequent flooding happens due to the lack of comprehensive and well-maintained drainage systems.

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URL: https://www.davaocity.gov.ph/environment/davao-city-government-intensifies-canal-clean-up/

TITLE: Davao City Government Intensifies Canal Clean-Up

AUTHOR: The Official Website of the City Government of Davao

DATE PUBLISHED: October 16, 2019

KEY INFO: To cite the article, "We will intensify our clean up operation, not just in Panacan, but in all canals in the city to prevent street flooding during heavy rains," Whenever the canals in Panacan City are clogged, it can cause a massive effect in terms of the intense floods that are occurring in the area, and by intensifying the clean up operations of the canals in Panacan City, it will effect in preventing street floods during heavy rains in Panacan City.

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Davao City government intensifies canal clean-up - City Government of Davao

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Davao City’s Ancillary Service Unit (ASU) will intensify the clean-up of canals in the city to mitigate flooding caused by clogged waterways. ASU chief Paul Bermejo said this following the flooding in Barangay Panacan on Tuesday dawn when a clogged creek in the area overflowed after heavy rain hit the city. Bermejo said that Panacan […]

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URL: https://www.ust.edu.ph/ust-commences-stormwater-drainage-improvement-project-for-manila/

TITLE: UST commences stormwater drainage improvement project for Manila

AUTHOR: University of Santo Tomas

DATE PUBLISHED: Nov 12, 2018

KEY INFO: To minimize the adverse effects of heavy rains and flooding on the campus, the University of Santo Tomas commenced a stormwater drainage improvement project. The project will replace the existing drainage lines with a new drainage system and provide detention facilities to accommodate flood water within the 21.5-hectare campus. While this university isn't situated in Mindanao, drainage issues similar to those of Central Philippine University in Iloilo persist in other schools. Both institutions require drainage improvement.

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UST commences stormwater drainage improvement project for Manila

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In a bid to minimize the adverse effects of heavy rains and flooding to the campus, the University of Santo Tomas, through the Facilities Management Office, commenced a stormwater drainage...

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URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fas6y8DvQcE

TITLE: The Philippine Flood Problem - Mini Episode 1

AUTHOR: Tristan Dyln Tano

DATE PUBLISHED: November 28, 2020

KEY INFO: In the podcast mini-episode, the hosts discuss how the outdated infrastructure in the Philippines, along with its susceptibility to natural disasters such as typhoons, has led to disastrous flooding. Although they do not explicitly mention canals, they delve into the inadequacy of Philippine dams in handling the vast volumes of water they receive, resulting in their collapse. This parallels the issue faced in Davao City, where the canal infrastructure is not sufficiently wide enough to accommodate heavy rainfall, amplifying flood risks.

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The Philippine Flood Problem - Mini Episode 1

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URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kZVeGpHU-ug

TITLE: Deadly Disasters: Floods

AUTHOR: Free Documentary

DATE PUBLISHED: December 22, 2023

KEY INFO: While this documentary doesn't show trash-caused floods, it reiterates that flooding is still a significant problem in other countries, especially in tropical countries, particularly in natural disaster-prone countries near large bodies of water. Hence, we must continuously advocate for well-maintained canals, not only within Davao City but across the entire country, to prevent the occurrence of such calamities.

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Deadly Disasters: Floods | World's Most Dangerous Natural Disasters | Free Documentary

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URL: https://youtu.be/-XZEaM4bKRs?si=pzO2DBfFTjA5X0Lc

TITLE: The Marikina North Sewage Treatment Plan

AUTHOR: Manila Water

DATE PUBLISHED: May 11, 2021

KEY INFO: The video showcases that the Marikina North plans to make a treatment plant to treat over 100 million liters of wastewater daily. In Davao City, they struggle with maintaining the drainage systems' cleanliness and garbage overflowing. This webinar provides information and treatment plans for how Davao City can address its growing issue with well-maintained and sustainable drainage systems.

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The Marikina North Sewage Treatment Plant

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URL: https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/61773

TITLE: Sewerage and Sewage Treatment

AUTHOR: Harrold E. Babbitt

DATE PUBLISHED: April 7, 2020

KEY INFO: Though the book isn't within a Philippine context, it discusses how a well-maintained sewage system benefits our communities, mainly how it helps minimize water pollution. Furthermore, it mentions how improper waste disposal contributes to clogged drainage systems. This is relevant because citizens carelessly throw their garbage around the environment in most Filipino cities, including Davao City, paralleling the issues the book discusses.

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Sewerage and Sewage Treatment by Harold E. Babbitt

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Free kindle book and epub digitized and proofread by volunteers.

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URL: https://www.multidisciplinaryjournal.com/pdf/Social_impact_assessment.pdf?fbclid=IwAR3cKY8L1ssK9WuyI68gDqzB1FyYQcq8p9XbxiL-3fuvzhFFzK1etN8Zj8A

TITLE: Social Impact Assessment of Sustainable Drainage Systems in Ozamiz City, Philippines

AUTHORS: Markdy Y. Orong, Aida S. Lasaca, Timoteo B. Bagundol

DATE PUBLISHED: August 2016

KEY INFO: As the study states, "The situation could be a threat to public health without a proper drainage system because low-lying areas in the city are easily flooded with heavy rain that causes the overflowing of canals, thereby making possible the spreading of pollutants lodged in these canals." By failing to recycle and dispose of our wastes and just by simply dumping them into a body of water, causing the waste to build up and clog these canals and, in effect, this irresponsible action could risk the lives of individuals, especially those residing in low-lying areas in the city.

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URL: https://youtu.be/R7ymfkAF9zs?si=9BRf1jy-qn8lSE7P

TITLE: STOP LITTERING

AUTHOR: Adrian Galano

DATE PUBLISHED: October 05, 2020

KEY INFO: "When we litter the canals with our plastic garbage, It will clog our city's system of drainage, This not only causes floods, but it also aggravates them, which then cause destruction and mayhem." Due to our acts of littering, we make flood management a much bigger problem." Galano's spoken poetry stanza resonates profoundly with its timely reminder, urging the residents of Mindanao and the entire nation to cease littering in our canals. Such actions are crucial in mitigating the more significant issue of floods plaguing our communities.

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STOP LITTERING! || Spoken Word Poetry by Adrian Galano