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Politicians:

People who work in government and who run (manage) the country.

National government  vs local government

The national government deals with issues affecting the entire country, while local governments handle things like public transportation and schools.

Law enforcement:

The people and organizations responsible for enforcing laws and keeping the peace. Police officers are part of law enforcement.

Diplomats:

Government officials who represent their country in foreign relations.

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Facilities:

Buildings or places used for a particular purpose. Schools and hospitals are public facilities.

Infrastructure:

The basic physical structures needed for the operation of a society or economy. Roads, bridges, and dams are all part of a country’s infrastructure.

Cultural landmark:

a place, building, or even a whole district that holds special significance for a particular culture or society.

Preserve / preservation:

Protecting something from loss or damage. Government is responsible for preservation of cultural landmarks.

Conservation:

Same as preservation, but the focus is on sutainable use Government is responsible for formulating policies relating to conservation of natural resources.

Cultural heritage:

The customs, arts, and social institutions of a particular nation or people. Government is also responsible for preserving the country’s cultural heritage.

Public:

Belonging to or affecting the whole community.

Public health:

The health of a community. Facilities available to the public.

Public facilities:

Facilities that can be used by anyone.

Awareness / Raise awareness:

Knowledge or understanding of a situation or issue. To bring attention to an issue. Example: Government need to raise awareness of recycling.

Promote:

To support or encourage something. Example: The government is promoting healthy eating habits.

Support:

To provide help or encouragement. Example: Government provides support so homeless people.

Citizen:

A person who belongs to a particular country and has the rights and duties that go with that.

To abide by a law:

To follow a law.

To have political influence:

To be able to affect political decisions. Some top businesspeople like Elon Musk have political influence.

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Run a country :

To be in charge of managing a country. The President runs the country with the help of a cabinet of advisors.

Policies / Formulate new policies:

Rules made by government takes to address issues. Example: The government formulated new policies to protect the environment.

Law / Strict laws:

A rule made and enforced by a government. Laws usually have harsh punishments.

Regulations:

Rules made by a government to control something specific. Example: There are regulations on how much food manufacturers can add to their products.

To pass a law / To make a law:

To vote in favor of a law so it becomes official.

Short term goals / Long term goals:

Objectives to be achieved in a short period or a longer period.  Short term goals might be fixing a road, while long term goals could be building a new bridge.

Maintain order:

To keep things calm and under control.  The police work to maintain order in the community.

Taxes / Raise or lower taxes:

Money collected from citizens to fund government programs. Taxes pay for things like schools and roads. The government may raise taxes to fund new programs.

Spending:

The act of using money. Example Government spending on public transportation has increased significantly in recent years.

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Problem:

Big factories continue to pollute the environment. Green technology for reducing harmful gas emissions is available, but it's expensive.

Use the following words:

Promote. Support. Switch over. Education.

Solution:

Government should promote the use of green technology. It should support big factories to switch over to this new techology, by providing education on how to use it.

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Problem:

Many young people are not very interested in traditional holidays because they don't really know much about it.

Use these words (not necessarily in the right order):

National government, local government, promote, cultural heritage, cultural landmarks

Solution:

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Problem:

A fast growing city is experiencing a lot of traffic problems.

Use the following words: (not necessarily in the right order):

Local government, long term goals, infrastructure, public transportation, raise taxes, spending, town planning

Solution:

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Problem:

In a small US town, vandalism is becoming a problem in public facilities.

Use these words (not necessarily in the right order):

Local government, policies, abide, law enforcement, surveillance cameras, community service.

Solution:

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Problem:

If there is another pandemic outbreak like the recent Covid 19, it will cost the economy billions of dollars.

Use these words (not necessarily in the right order):

National government, public health, long term goals, research, formulate policies, emergency plans, raise awareness, citizens, abide.

Solution:

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You will compete in two teams. A member of each team must answer an IELTS speaking part 3 question. You will score points for the correct use of using this week's vocabulary. There are 4 possible questions, I can ask you any one of those.

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1. Do you think Government should give financial support to artists?

2. Do you think it's the government's responsibility to promote healthy lifestyles?

3. What would you do if you saw someone stealing something from a shop?

4. Do you think ordinary citizens are doing enough to help protect the environment?

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In the second period, you must write a 250 word essay (see topic below). You will receive a score in the gradebook.

Some people think that only the government can make significant changes in society, while others think that individuals can have a lot of influence. What is your opinion?