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https://www.britannica.com/place/South-America/Factors-influencing-climate

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16733333/#:~:text=The%20organ's%20main%20task%20is%20to%20influence%20mating%20and%20social%20behavior.

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The biggest rodent in the world, the semi-aquatic capybara spends most of its time grazing or swimming in the nearest body of water.

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Common Name: Capybara

Scientific Name: Hydrochoerus Hydrochaeris

Distribution or Range: Capybaras are semi-aquatic animals that live in countries such as Colombia, Venezuela, Panama, Argentina, and Uruguay.

Physical Description: Capybaras are 3 to 4 feet in length, around 1 1/2 feet to 2 feet at shoulder height, and weight approximately 60 to 170 pounds depending on factors such as gender.

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 Greater Capybara (Hydrochoeris Hydrochaeris)- Organism A

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 Greater Capybara (Hydrochoeris Hydrochaeris)- Organism A

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Lesser Capybara (Hydrochoeris Isthmius)- Organism B

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Lesser Capybara (Hydrochoeris Isthmius)- Organism B

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Differences:

Organism A or the Greater Capybara is much larger in size then Organism B or the Lesser Capybara. Typically Organism A weights a minimum of 70 lbs. but usually weighs a lot more, and Organism B typically weighs a maximum of 62 lbs.

Despite the organisms only having one color of hair it does have varying tones. For instance Organism A is much lighter in color than Organism B.

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Natural Selection is a process in which organism better adapted to their environment so they can survive and reproduce more often with offspring that have this adaptation. The difference in Capybara size is a specific adaptation. This variation can lead to natural selection because the smaller size of a Capybara (adaptation) in comparison to the larger capybara has the ability to hide better from predators. The adaptation of smaller size allows for the Capybaras to hide and not be found by predators unlike the large Capybara who can not hide as well due to their size. With less smaller Capybaras being killed or eaten by predators, they will be able to reproduce more and pass on their trait of small size through natural selection.

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Type of biome: Forested areas

Region(s) of the world: North and Central South America

Temperature: Live in warm temperature areas that consists of around 70 degrees Fahrenheit or warmer.

Rainfall: In South America the rainfall consists from 24 to 56 inches and this occurs mostly during the summer months with long drought time periods.

Food Sources: Capybaras are herbivores and their diet consists of grass, water plants, and other vegetation options during the dry season.

Other: Capybaras are semi-aquatic animals and therefore they must live along water sources.

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A physiological adaptation is an adaptation that involves the body process, chemistry, or metabolism. The physiological adaptation that the capybara species has is the communication through pheromones in the body. The pheromones in the body allow for the capybara to mate and have a better social behavior. These pheromones are created in the vomeronasal system or organ that is located near their nasal septum.

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A structural adaptation is the adaptation or change in an organism body shape. A structural adaptation that the capybara has is their webbed feet. The capybaras partially webbed feet allow for them to easily and quickly move through water but also still be able to walk on land,which is important because they are semi-aquatic animals.

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A behavioral adaptation is the adaptation or change in a way a species acts in a particular situation. A behavioral adaptation that the capybara has is the way in which it is always on the lookout for predators, and if one capybara spots a predator it will bark to alert the others. Through the behavioral adaptation of always watching for predators the capybara is able to get away from the predator before it is too late.

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Name: Guinea Pig

Scientific Name: Cavia Porcellus

Habitat: Mountainous areas located in South America

Physical Description: Guinea pigs typically are around 8 to 10 Inches long and weigh around 25 to 39 ounces with a size difference between males and females. They appear to look small, have four legs, and come in a variation of colors and can be solid or patterned on color.

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One difference between the Capybara and Guinea Pig species is that Capybaras have webbed feet and Guinea Pigs do not. The reason for the adaptation difference is in result of their habitat. Webbed feet allow for Capybaras to be able to swim quickly and easily through water and such is important because they are semi-aquatic animals. Unlike Guinea Pigs who are found in mountainous regions and do not need webbed feet to swim. The environmental condition of Capybaras living partially in water may have allowed them to adapt to having webbed feet. The environmental condition of Guinea Pigs being animals that live in Mountainous areas have allowed them to keep their "regular" feet and not have a use or receive the adaptation of webbed feet.

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Name: Three-toed Sloth

Scientific Name: Bradypus Pygmaeus

Habitat: This animal lives typically in South America and therefore warmer climates. In such they live in the Forested areas in the trees, in addition typically above the water so they can easily fall in and swim.

Physical Description: 5.5 to 7.5 lbs in weight and 19 to 21 Inches in length. They come in a variety of brown and tan hues.

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Similarities between Capybara and Three-toed Sloth:

Hair/fur color is the same for both species: tan and brown hues.

Both species have a vegetarian diet.

Both species swim well in water and do such often.

Explanation for similarities:

The Three-toed Sloth and the Capybara have similar structural and behavioral characteristics even though they are not closely related because of or in reaction to the environment they live in. Both species live in South America and in addition both also live near a water source such as a river. The Capybara and Three-toed Sloth both have the characteristic or structural adaptation of brown/tan coloring. In reaction of predators and both being prey animals they have adapted or changed in color to blend into the forest and tree colors.

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Natural selection is when an organism has a preferable characteristic or adaptation for a specific area and in result of such it is able to reproduce more and make such characteristic more prevalent in the species. Natural selection is shown through the Capybara species, by the way in which they have structurally adapted to have semi-webbed feet as a result of being semi-aquatic.The environment has drastically affected the way in which the capybara species has adapted. For instance the Capybara species structural adaptation of color to blend into their surrounding environment. Inherited variation is the differences or variations among the same species of animals. An example of inherited variation in the capybara specie is the variation in size , this difference consists of different size among weight for instance some weight then less than 70 lbs and others weigh more than 170 lbs. Population genetic speciation is when a specific group within a species separates itself and becomes more individual and develops its own characteristics and adaptation. An example of such is how the Capybara and Guinea Pig once very closely related are now very different including a big difference in size. These factors have allowed for the capybara species to evolve to its current states with certain adaptations because of its evolutionary reaction to the environment and as a result of natural selection to pass on specific traits.