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About

Rhinoviruses are the most frequent cause of the common cold. In the United States, children have an average of two rhinovirus infections each year, and adults have an average of one. Most rhinovirus infections are mild, but they can cause severe illness, especially in people with weakened immune systems, asthma, or other underlying medical conditions. Rhinoviruses are commonly detected in children hospitalized for respiratory illness.

There are many different rhinovirus types. Rhinoviruses are part of the same virus group as Non-polio Enteroviruses, and have some similar properties to Enterovirus D68.

What time of the year are people most likely to get infected

Rhinoviruses usually occur year-round but tend to rise in early fall and spring. This is also when other respiratory viruses may circulate, such as Adenoviruses, Influenza, and RSV.

How Do They Spread

Rhinoviruses are spread through respiratory droplets that are released when an infected person coughs or sneezes. These droplets can enter another person's body if they breathe them in, or if they touch a surface contaminated with the virus and then touch their eyes, nose, or mouth. Rhinoviruses can also be spread through close personal contact with an infected person, such as shaking hands or hugging.

What are the Symptoms

Many people will have no symptoms. Among those who develop symptoms, they typically last about 7 days but can last up to two weeks. Symptoms may include:

More severe illness is less common but can include asthma exacerbations, bronchioliti middle ear infections, sinusitis, bronchitis, or pneumonia. These symptoms can mirror other respiratory infections.

How to Protect Yourself

You can reduce your risk of getting a rhinovirus by following these tips:

Wash your hands for at least 20 seconds after you touch surfaces or objects that have germs on them. If soap and water are not available, use an alcohol-based hand rub. (See CDC's Clean Hands Save Lives!).

Avoid contact with people who are sick.

Avoid touching your eyes, nose, and mouth with unwashed hands.

Clean/disinfect objects and surfaces regularly (such as light switches, countertops, and doorknobs).

Consider wearing a high-quality, well-fitting face mask. This might be especially useful in certain circumstances, for example, in household settings when someone is sick or in crowded indoor settings such as public transportation when respiratory disease activity is high in your community.

How to Protect Others

If you are experiencing symptoms of rhinovirus, follow these tips to help prevent spreading it to others:

Stay at home while sick and keep children home from school or daycare if they are sick.

Avoid close contact with others (hugging, kissing, or shaking hands).

Cough and sneeze into a tissue then throw it away, or cough and sneeze into your upper shirt sleeve, completely covering your mouth and nose.

Wash your hands often, especially after coughing, sneezing, or blowing your nose. If soap and water are not available, use an alcohol-based hand rub (See CDC's Clean Hands Save Lives!).

Disinfect frequently touched surfaces and objects, such as toys, doorknobs, and mobile devices.

Testing & Screening

Testing not typically done (doctors may perform PCR tests in special circumstances such as severe illness).

When to Test

Doctors may order testing for rhinovirus infection for persons with severe illness and in other unusual circumstances.

How to Treat

There is no vaccine, treatment, or medication to prevent or cure rhinoviruses. You should take the following actions:

Drink plenty of fluids

Get plenty of rest

You can use over-the-counter medicines (such as pain relievers and fever reducers) to lessen symptoms. In most cases, people get better on their own.

Contact your healthcare provider if you or your child's symptoms are more severe than usual and go longer than 7 days.

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Rhinovirus are the most frequent cause of the common cold. Learn more about what is rhinovirus, including how it spreads, symptoms, and treatment options.

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2. About: Rhinovirus is a disease that is most commonly called a common cold. there are many different kinds of rhinovirus and they can lead to mild symptoms to severe hospitalisation. you can see patients getting the rhino virus if they already have a respiratory infection.  

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2. About: Rhinovirus is a disease that is most commonly called a common cold. there are many different kinds of rhinovirus and they can lead to mild symptoms to severe hospitalisation. you can see patients getting the rhino virus if they already have a respiratory infection.  

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its caused by infected respiratory droplets spreading either through surface contact or inhaled air pertaining of the infected droplets. any sort of touching the eyes nose or mouth can put you at risk if you've come into contact with the virus or someone who has it.

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4. symptoms : symptoms usually subside within 7-14 days and some people may never experience any symptoms. you can commonly see 

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4. symptoms : symptoms usually subside within 7-14 days and some people may never experience any symptoms. you can commonly see 

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cough

sneezing

running nose

sore throat

fever

body aches

as for the complications it can cause asthma or even bronchitis and many more worse infections.

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5. Diagnosis/treatment:  Diagnosis should be done by a healthcare professional and a short laboratory test can be performed as well to confirm the diagnosis. when it it comes to treatment, stay home and rest. plenty of fluids and time to allow your body to heal. over the counter medications may help alleviate certain symptoms.

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5. Diagnosis/treatment:  Diagnosis should be done by a healthcare professional and a short laboratory test can be performed as well to confirm the diagnosis. when it it comes to treatment, stay home and rest. plenty of fluids and time to allow your body to heal. over the counter medications may help alleviate certain symptoms.

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6. Prevention: when sick you should stay home. for your own safety and the safety of  others to lessen the spread. don't get to close to there individuals. use proper coughing technique, such as into you sleeved elbow. wash hands and disinfect commonly touched surfaces. 

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6. Prevention: when sick you should stay home. for your own safety and the safety of  others to lessen the spread. don't get to close to there individuals. use proper coughing technique, such as into you sleeved elbow. wash hands and disinfect commonly touched surfaces. 

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7. article succès : to this day there is much we don't know about the body. but this disease there is a lot of antiviral therapies in the making all over the world to help alleviate the negative effects it causes. in this article it talks about antiviral therapeutic studies. 

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7. article succès : to this day there is much we don't know about the body. but this disease there is a lot of antiviral therapies in the making all over the world to help alleviate the negative effects it causes. in this article it talks about antiviral therapeutic studies. 

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doi: 10.2147/JEP.S255211.

Affiliations

¹ National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.

² Respiratory Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare Foundation Trust, London, UK.

James A Coultas et al. J Exp Pharmacol.

doi: 10.2147/JEP.S255211.

Affiliations

¹ National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.

² Respiratory Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare Foundation Trust, London, UK.

Abstract

Rhinovirus infection is common and usually causes mild, self-limiting upper respiratory tract symptoms. Rhinoviruses can cause exacerbation of chronic respiratory diseases, such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, leading to a significant burden of morbidity and mortality. There has been a great deal of progress in efforts to understand the immunological basis of rhinovirus infection. However, despite a number of in vitro and in vivo attempts, there have been no effective treatments developed. This review article summarises the up to date virological and immunological understanding of these infections. We discuss the challenges researchers face, and key solutions, in their work to investigate potential therapies including in vivo rhinovirus challenge studies. Finally, we explore past and present experimental therapeutic strategies employed in the treatment of rhinovirus infections and highlight promising areas of future work.

Keywords: antiviral agents; respiratory tract infections; rhinovirus; therapeutics.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

James Coultas: no financial or non-financial competing interests to declare. John Cafferkey: no financial or non-financial competing interests to declare. Patrick Mallia: has received support from AstraZeneca to attend ERS congress. Sebastian Johnston: reports personal fees from Virtus Respiratory Research, Myelo TherapeuticsÐmbH, Concert Pharmaceuticals, Bayer, Synairgen, Novartis, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, Gerson Lehrman Group, resTORbio, Bioforce, Materia Medical Holdings, PrepBio Pharma, Pulmotect, Virion Health, Lallemand Pharma and AstraZeneca, outside the submitted work; In addition, Professor Johnston has a patent: Wark PA, Johnston SL, Holgate ST, Davies DE, Antivirus Therapy for Respiratory diseases, UK patent application No. GB 0405 634.7, 12 March 2004, with royalties paid, a patent Wark PA, Johnston SL, Holgate ST, Davies DE, Interferon‐Beta for Anti‐Virus Therapy for Respiratory Diseases, International Patent Application No. PCT/GB05/50031, 12 March 2004, with royalties paid, and a patent Davies DE, Wark PA, Holgate ST, Johnston SL. Interferon Lambda Therapy for the Treatment of Respiratory disease. UK patent application No. 6779645.9, granted 15th August 2012, licensed.

Figures

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Respiratory consequences of rhinovirus infection.

Greenberg SB. Greenberg SB. Arch Intern Med. 2003 Feb 10;163(3):278-84. doi: 10.1001/archinte.163.3.278. Arch Intern Med. 2003. PMID: 12578507 Review.

References

Seemungal T, Harper-Owen R, Bhowmik A, et al. Respiratory viruses, symptoms, and inflammatory markers in acute exacerbations and stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001;164(9):1618-1623. doi:10.1164/ajrccm.164.9.2105011 - DOI - PubMed

Grants and funding

Sebastian Johnston is a National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Emeritus Senior Investigator, the Asthma UK Clinical Chair (Grant CH11SJ) and receives support from European Research Council Advanced Grant 788575, the NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) and Asthma UK Centre Grant AUK-BC-2015-01. The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care.

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national center for biotechnology information

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Experimental Antiviral Therapeutic Studies for Human Rhinovirus Infections - PubMed

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Rhinovirus infection is common and usually causes mild, self-limiting upper respiratory tract symptoms. Rhinoviruses can cause exacerbation of chronic respiratory diseases, such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, leading to a significant burden of morbidity and mortality. There has ...

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James A Coultas John Cafferkey Patrick Mallia Sebastian L Johnston

all come from the national heart and lung institute, imperial collage in London.

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Why is it so hard to cure the common cold?

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11. fun fact: the virus typically will live 3hours or longer on the skin and 30-50% of all colds are caused by this 

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11. fun fact: the virus typically will live 3hours or longer on the skin and 30-50% of all colds are caused by this 